615-81-6Relevant articles and documents
PROCESSES FOR THE PREPARATION OF ALPHA-HYDROXY ESTERS VIA GRIGNARD COUPLING AND THIOLATION REACTIONS
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Paragraph 0098-0100, (2021/05/29)
The present disclosure provides processes for preparing an alpha-hydroxy ester by addition of a vinyl Grignard reagent to an oxalate ester and thiolation of the resulting double bond. Also provided are alpha-hydroxy esters and synthetic intermediates prepared according to processes disclosed herein and compositions comprising the alpha-hydroxy esters.
Copper-catalyzed asymmetric methylation of fluoroalkylated pyruvates with dimethylzinc
Aikawa, Kohsuke,Yabuuchi, Kohei,Torii, Kota,Mikami, Koichi
supporting information, p. 576 - 582 (2018/03/21)
The catalytic asymmetric methylation of fluoroalkylated pyruvates is shown with dimethylzinc as a methylating reagent in the presence of a copper catalyst bearing a chiral phosphine ligand. This is the first catalytic asymmetric methylation to synthesize various α-fluoroalkylated tertiary alcohols with CF3, CF2H, CF2Br, and n-CnF2n+1 (n = 2, 3, 8) groups in good-to-high yields and enantioselectivities. Axial backbones and substituents on phosphorus atoms of chiral phosphine ligands critically influence the enantioselectivity. Moreover, the methylation of simple perfluoroalkylated ketones is found to be facilitated by only chiral phosphines without copper.
Palladium catalyzed oxidative carbonylation of alcohols: Effects of diphosphine ligands
Amadio, Emanuele,Freixa, Zoraida,Van Leeuwen, Piet W. N. M.,Toniolo, Luigi
, p. 2856 - 2864 (2015/07/14)
The catalytic activity of a series of palladium diphosphine complexes of the type [PdX2(P∩P)] has been studied in the oxidative carbonylation of i-PrOH with p-benzoquinone as an oxidant. Diphosphine ligands have been chosen in order to cover a wide range of bite angles and electronic and steric parameters. Their properties have been correlated with the catalytic activity and selectivity of the reaction. The best catalytic performance has been achieved with weakly coordinating anions as well as non-bulky and electron-donating P∩P ligands with a relatively wide bite angle yet capable of maintaining a cis-coordination, such as cis-[Pd(OTs)2(pMeO-dppf)]. These results and those on the reactivity of dicarboalkoxy species of the type cis-[Pd(COOMe)2(P∩P)] toward reductive elimination, which is a crucial step in oxalate formation, suggest that the slow step of the catalysis depends on the nature of the P∩P ligand.