62304-98-7 Usage
Description
Thymosin alpha 1, also known as Thymosin-α1 (T-α1), is a synthetic 28-amino acid peptide that is naturally occurring in the thymus. It is recognized for its multiple biological activities, primarily directed towards enhancing immune response. Thymosin alpha 1 has the ability to modify, enhance, and restore immune function, making it a promising candidate for various medical applications.
Uses
Used in Immune Enhancement:
Thymosin alpha 1 is used as an immune enhancing peptide for preventing infections such as the common cold or the flu and diseases. It helps reduce inflammation in the body, aids in the removal of acute or chronic infections, and possesses antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties.
Used in Cancer Treatment:
Thymosin alpha 1 is used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of HBV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), hepatocellular carcinoma, AIDS, and malignant melanoma. It inhibits the growth of certain cancer cells, such as multiple myeloma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells expressing high levels of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), and decreases the number of metastatic lesions in specific NSCLC mouse xenograft models.
Used in Inflammation and Infection Management:
Thymosin alpha 1 is used as an immunomodulator to support the eradication of unhealthy cells, protect cells against oxidative stress and damage, and inhibit viral replication. It also improves symptoms associated with chronic fatigue and has been utilized in the treatment of immunocompromised states and malignancies.
Used in Vaccine Response Enhancement:
Thymosin alpha 1 is used as an enhancer of vaccine response, helping to improve the body's immune response to vaccinations.
Used in Sepsis and Infection Treatment:
Thymosin alpha 1 is used as a means of curbing morbidity and mortality in sepsis and numerous infections, providing support to patients with compromised immune systems.
Used in Drug Therapy:
Thymosin alpha 1 is used to potentiate the action of cytokines and reduce the hematological toxicity of cytotoxic drug therapy, such as cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, and dacarbazine.
Used in Cystic Fibrosis Treatment:
Thymosin alpha 1 is used in a p.Phe508del mutant cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTRF508del/F508del) mouse model of cystic fibrosis and chronic A. fumigatus infection. It increases indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) expression and IL-10 levels, and decreases IL-1β and TNF-α production in the lung.
Biological Functions
Thymalfasin is a synthetic analogue of thymosin-alpha-1, a 28-amino acid protein derived from the precursor protein prothymosin-alpha. Exhibiting a variety of immunoregulating properties, thymosin-alpha-1 induces differentiation of murine T-cell precursors and human thymocytes and the terminal differentiation of functionally immature cord blood lymphocytes and induces production of IL-2, high affinity IL-2 receptors, and B-cell growth factors by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. T-helper and cytotoxic/suppressor T-cell populations are targets of thymosin activity. Thymosin-alpha-1 has been shown to increase the efficiency of antigen presentation by macrophages and to be an endogenous modulator of alpha-thrombin activity.https://www.prospecbio.com
Synthesis Reference(s)
Thymosin α1 (Tα1), a 28-amino acid Nα-acetylated peptide, has a powerful general immunostimulating activity. Although biosynthesis is an attractive means of large-scale manufacture, to date, Tα1 can only be chemosynthesized because of two obstacles to its biosynthesis: the difficulties in expressing small peptides and obtaining Nα-acetylation. In this study, we describe a novel production process for Nα-acetylated Tα1 in Escherichia coli.Synthesis of Thymosin α1, a Polypeptide of the ThymusProduction of Nα-acetylated thymosin α1 in Escherichia coliSynthesis of thymosin .alpha.1
Clinical claims and research
Thymosin α1 (Tα1) is a 28 amino acid peptide produced by thymic epithelial cellslocated in the outer cortex and medulla of the thymus (Hirokawa et al., 1982).Invitro studies involving the use of bone marrow and progenitor cell cocultures haverevealed Tα1's capacity to stimulate thymocyte maturation (Knutsen et al.,1999).Inaddition，the administration of Tα1 in mice has resulted in notable increases inmurine thymic size and thymocyte numbers，further demonstrating Tal's abilityto enhance thymocyte growth (Beuth et al., 2000).Tα1 is likely to exert its stimula-tory effect on developing thymocytes partly by acting as an anti-apoptotic agent(Baumann et al.，1996). Interestingly，the addition of Tα1 to thymocyte andthymic epithelial cell cocultures was found to increase the production of IL-7 byepithelial cells, suggesting that the enhancing effect of Tal on thymopoiesis may bethrough the induction of IL-7 (Knutsen et al.，1999).Basic Biology and Clinical Impact of Immunosenescence
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 62304-98-7 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 6,2,3,0 and 4 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 9 and 8 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 62304-98:
(7*6)+(6*2)+(5*3)+(4*0)+(3*4)+(2*9)+(1*8)=107
107 % 10 = 7
So 62304-98-7 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C129H215N33O55/c1-18-59(10)98(159-114(201)76(36-42-91(181)182)146-120(207)83(53-164)154-121(208)84(54-165)155-127(214)99(63(14)166)160-118(205)80(51-94(187)188)152-123(210)95(56(4)5)156-104(191)62(13)135-102(189)60(11)137-115(202)78(49-92(183)184)151-119(206)82(52-163)138-66(17)169)125(212)161-101(65(16)168)128(215)162-100(64(15)167)126(213)147-70(30-22-26-46-133)109(196)150-79(50-93(185)186)117(204)149-77(47-55(2)3)116(203)142-69(29-21-25-45-132)108(195)144-73(33-39-88(175)176)110(197)141-67(27-19-23-43-130)106(193)140-68(28-20-24-44-131)107(194)145-75(35-41-90(179)180)113(200)157-97(58(8)9)124(211)158-96(57(6)7)122(209)148-74(34-40-89(177)178)111(198)143-71(31-37-86(171)172)105(192)136-61(12)103(190)139-72(32-38-87(173)174)112(199)153-81(129(216)217)48-85(134)170/h55-65,67-84,95-101,163-168H,18-54,130-133H2,1-17H3,(H2,134,170)(H,135,189)(H,136,192)(H,137,202)(H,138,169)(H,139,190)(H,140,193)(H,141,197)(H,142,203)(H,143,198)(H,144,195)(H,145,194)(H,146,207)(H,147,213)(H,148,209)(H,149,204)(H,150,196)
62304-98-7Relevant articles and documents
Solid phase process for synthesizing peptides
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, (2008/06/13)
Thymosin α1 and other peptide amides are synthesized in the solid phase using methylbenzhydrylamine resin as the support and hydrogen bromide as the deprotecting and cleaving agents. The N-terminal 14 amino acid partial sequence of thymosin α1, Ac-Ser-Asp-Ala-Ala-Val-Asp-Thr-Ser-Ser-Glu-Ile-Thr-Thr-Lys-OH is synthesized on benzyl ester resin. Using a mixture of hydrogen bromide, anisole and thioanisole as the cleavage and deprotection composition, the yields of the cleaved peptide and the selectivity of the deprotection is highly improved. For example, yields of thymosin α1 have been increased by about 90% as compared to the use of hydrogen bromide alone. By using hydrogen bromide rather than hydrogen fluoride, the synthesis can use conventional laboratory glassware and the synthesis can be easily scaled up to commercial production.
