6304-27-4Relevant articles and documents
Reversible C-N Bond Formation in the Zirconium-Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroamination of 2-Vinylpyridine
Griffin, Samuel E.,Pacheco, Javier,Schafer, Laurel L.
supporting information, p. 1011 - 1016 (2019/03/08)
The intermolecular hydroamination of alkenes with alkylamines has been a long-standing challenge in catalysis, partially due to the near-thermoneutral nature of this transformation. Consistent with this understanding, we report the direct observation of reversible C-N bond formation in hydroamination. A bis(ureate) zirconium complex catalyzed the intermolecular hydroamination of 2-vinylpyridine. Reversible C-N bond formation was characterized by variable-temperature NMR spectroscopy, and thermodynamic parameters were determined using van't Hoff plots. Isolated intermediates support an aza-Michael-addition mechanism. Sensitivity to steric bulk in the C-N bond forming step provided further evidence for the kinetically accessible but limited thermodynamic driving force for this transformation.
Aza-Michael-type addition reaction catalysed by a supported ionic liquid phase incorporating an anionic heteropoly acid
Ghasemi, Mohammad Hadi,Kowsari, Elaheh,Shafiee, Abbas
supporting information, p. 1150 - 1153 (2016/03/09)
In this work, we have obtained substituted amines under mild conditions in good yields using the Aza-Michael-type addition of various amines to vinyl compounds catalysed by a supported ionic liquid incorporating an anionic heteropoly acid. Different catalysts, including Lewis acids, Br?nsted acids and heteropoly acids were investigated in which heteropoly acids having dual Br?nsted and Lewis acid characteristics were excellent catalysts. The ionic liquid incorporating a polytungstate anion supported on magnetic diatomaceous earth as a magnetically separable heterogeneous catalyst offered the best results in terms of yield. The solid nanocatalyst was easily removed with a magnet.
Fine-tuning of copper(I)-dioxygen reactivity by 2-(2-pyridyl)ethylamine bidentate ligands
Taki, Masayasu,Teramae, Shinichi,Nagatomo, Shigenori,Tachi, Yoshimitsu,Kitagawa, Teizo,Itoh, Shinobu,Fukuzumi, Shunichi
, p. 6367 - 6377 (2007/10/03)
Copper(I)-dioxygen reactivity has been examined using a series of 2-(2-pyridyl)ethylamine bidentate ligands R1Py1R2,R3. The bidentate ligand with the methyl substituent on the pyridine nucleus MePy1Et,Bz (N-benzyl-N-ethyl-2-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)ethylamine) predominantly provided a (μ-η2:η2-peroxo)dicopper(II) complex, while the bidentate ligand without the 6-methyl group HPy1Et,Bz (N-benzyl-N-ethyl-2-(2-pyridyl)ethylamine) afforded a bis(μ-oxo)dicopper(III) complex under the same experimental conditions. Both Cu2O2 complexes gradually decompose, leading to oxidative N-dealkylation reaction of the benzyl group. Detailed kinetic analysis has revealed that the bis (μ-oxo)dicopper(III) complex is the common reactive intermediate in both cases and that O-O bond homolysis of the peroxo complex is the rate-determining step in the former case with MePy1Et,Bz. On the other hand, the copper(I) complex supported by the bidentate ligand with the smallest N-alkyl group (HPy1Me,Me, N,N-dimethyl-2-(2-pyridyl)ethylamine) reacts with molecular oxygen in a 3:1 ratio in acetone at a low temperature to give a mixed-valence trinuclear copper(II, II, III) complex with two μ3-oxo bridges, the UV-vis spectrum of which is very close to that of an active oxygen intermediate of lacase. Detailed spectroscopic analysis on the oxygenation reaction at different concentrations has indicated that a bis(μ-oxo)dicopper(III) complex is the precursor for the formation of trinuclear copper complex. In the reaction with 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (DBP), the trinuclear copper(II, II, III) complex acts as a two-electron oxidant to produce an equimolar amount of the C-C coupling dimer of DBP (3,5,3′,5′tetra-tert-butyl-biphenyl-2,2′-diol) and a bis(μ-hydroxo)dicopper(II) complex. Kinetic analysis has shown that the reaction consists of two distinct steps, where the first step involves a binding of DBP to the trinuclear complex to give a certain intermediate that further reacts with the second molecule of DBP to give another intermediate, from which the final products are released. Steric and/or electronic effects of the 6-methyl group and the N-alkyl substituents of the bidentate ligands on the copper(I)-dioxygen reactivity have been discussed.