632-69-9 Usage
Description
Acid Red 94 is a chemical compound with the chemical properties of a bordeaux-red to red-brown crystalline powder. It is a xanthene dye, fluorescein derivative, and photosensitizer, exhibiting absorption/emission maxima of 548/567 nm, respectively.
Uses
Used in Research Applications:
Acid Red 94 is used for research purposes only and is not intended for use in diagnostic procedures. It is utilized in biological studies, particularly for its potential as sensitizers in photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy. Acid Red 94 has neuroprotective properties and is also used in the development of Rose Bengal amphiphilic derivatives.
Used in Photoirradiation Studies:
Acid Red 94 binds to S. aureus cells and significantly decreases their survival when used at a concentration of 1 μM under photoirradiation. It generates singlet oxygen in cell-free assays and induces potassium ion leakage from S. aureus and bovine erythrocytes in the presence of photoirradiation.
Used in Inhibition of Enzyme Activity:
Acid Red 94 inhibits the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform CYP3A4/5 and the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoform UGT1A6 in human liver microsomes in a light-dependent manner. The IC50 values for these inhibitions are 0.072 and 0.035 μM, respectively, in yellow light, 3.1 and 4.2 μM, respectively, in ambient light, and 3 and 4.2 μM, respectively, in the dark.
Used in Cell Staining:
Used in ELISA Assays:
Acid Red 94 is also utilized in the detection of Bovine IGF-1 through an ELISA antibody pair, which aids in various research applications related to growth factors and their role in biological processes.
Safety Profile
An experimental teratogen. Experimental reproductive effects. Questionable carcinogen with experimental neoplastigenic data. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl-, I-, and NazO.
Veterinary Drugs and Treatments
Rose bengal is a vital stain and stains dead epithelial cells and mucus.
Full thickness loss of the corneal epithelium is not necessary
(only dead cells need be present) to obtain rose bengal stain uptake.
It does not stain epithelial defects and does not pass into intercellular
spaces.
Rose bengal stain is most commonly employed in the detection
of the presence of viral keratitis in the cat. Because feline herpes virus
tends to infect one cell, moving then to an adjacent cell (causing
the so called dendritic tracts in the cornea) without full thickness
loss of corneal epithelium initially, rose bengal is an ideal diagnostic
agent for this infection. Rose Bengal can also be used to detect damaged
corneal epithelium on the dorsal cornea in early cases of keratoconjunctivitis
sicca. Rose bengal stain is virucidal although no
information is available relative to its use as a therapeutic agent.
in vitro
rose bengal was a quite potent membrane-permeant inhibitor of glutamate uptake into isolated synaptic vesicles. such vesicular glu uptake inhibition was achieved without affecting h1-pump atpase. it was found that various degrees of reduction elicited by rose bengal in [3h]glu in synaptic vesicles inside the synaptosome [1].
in vivo
the distribution of i.v. administered rose bengal was found to depend on its dose. at a low dose, rose bengal could be found almost solely in the liver and plasma. however, at higher doses, the amount of rose bengal found in extra-hepatic tissues gradually increased. the hepatic transfer maximum of rose bengal amounted to 146 micrograms/kg/min. by increasing the dose from 10 to 200 mg/kg, the hepatic concentration of rose bengal also approached a maximum. the storage capacity of the liver, however, did not limit the transfer maximum of rose bengal [1].
references
[1] ogita k,hirata k,bole dg,yoshida s,tamura y,leckenby am,ueda t. inhibition of vesicular glutamate storage and exocytotic release by rose bengal. j neurochem.2001 apr;77(1):34-42.[2] fischer e,varga f. hepatic storage and biliary excretion of rose bengal in the rat. acta physiol acad sci hung.1979;54(1):89-94.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 632-69-9 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 6,3 and 2 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 6 and 9 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 632-69:
(5*6)+(4*3)+(3*2)+(2*6)+(1*9)=69
69 % 10 = 9
So 632-69-9 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C20H4Cl4I4O5.2K.Na/c21-10-8(9(20(31)32)11(22)13(24)12(10)23)7-3-1-5(25)16(29)14(27)18(3)33-19-4(7)2-6(26)17(30)15(19)28;;;/h1-2,29H,(H,31,32);;;/q;3*+1/p-2
632-69-9Relevant articles and documents
Tailoring of organic dyes with oxidor eductive compounds to obtain photocyclic radical generator systems exhibiting photocatalytic behavior
Ley, Christian,Christmann, Julien,Ibrahim, Ahmad,Di Stefano, Luciano H.,Allonas, Xavier
, p. 936 - 947 (2014)
The combination of a dye which absorbs the photon, an electron acceptor and an electron donor leading to energy conversion through electron transfer, was the basis of the so called three-component systems. In this paper, an experimental work combining Rose bengal dye with a triazine derivative as electron acceptor and ethyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate as electron donor, will underline the benefit of the photocyclic behavior of three-component systems leading to the dye regeneration. A thermodynamic approach of the photocycle is presented, followed by a mechanistic and computational study of ideal photocycles, in order to outline the specific kinetics occuring in so called photocatalytic systems. The simple kinetic model used is enough to outline the benefit of the cyclic system and to give the basic requirements in term of chemical combination needed to be fulfilled in order to obtain a photocatalytic behavior.
ROSE BENGAL DERIVATIVES AS SINGLET OXYGEN SENSITIZERS
Lamberts, J. J. M.,Neckers, D. C.
, p. 2183 - 2190 (2007/10/02)
Derivatives of Rose Bengal are reported and the relationships between subtle structural and dramatic changes in photophysical properties pointed out.
