70063-93-3Relevant articles and documents
Palladium-Catalyzed Methylation of Aryl and Vinyl Halides by Stabilized Methylaluminum and Methylgallium Complexes
Blum, Jochanan,Gelman, Dmitri,Baidossi, Wael,Shakh, Eduard,Rosenfeld, Ayelet,Aizenshtat, Zeev,Wassermann, Birgit C.,Frick, Michael,Heymer, Bernd,Schutte, Stefan,Wernik, Sonja,Schumann, Herbert
, p. 8681 - 8686 (1997)
The intramolecularly stabilized mono- and dialkylaluminum complexes 1a, 2, 3, 4a, 5a, 5c, 6a, 6c, 7, 8, and 9 in the presence of palladium catalysts, cross-alkylate aryl, vinyl, and benzyl bromides and iodides under mild standard laboratory conditions. Aryl bromides with carbonyl substituents or benzylic halides are converted partially into dialkyl compounds. Under similar conditions, the analogous stabilized dimethylgallium complexes 1b, 4b, 5b, 6b, and 10 methylate aryl and vinyl bromides and iodides in a highly selective manner. Substituted bromobenzenes XC6H4Br, where X = CHO, COPh, CO2Et, CN, NO2, Cl, CH2Br, or CH=CHCOPh, are methylated by the organogallium reagents usually only at the aromatic ring halogen atom to give substituted toluenes as single products. The methylation rates were shown to depend on the nature of the chelating ligands, on the solvent, and on the type of palladium catalyst employed.
Photochemistry of Alkylindenes in the Gas Phase
Suarez, Marie L.,Duguid, Robert J.,Morrison, Harry
, p. 6384 - 6391 (2007/10/02)
The photochemistry of indene and several alkylindenes has been studied in the gas phase using excitation (254 nm) which populates the S2 state.Reactions observed in the gas phase involve rearrangements different from those observed in solution, as evidenced by the formation of photoproducts explicable in terms of net hydrogen and alkyl migrations.Photodealkylation is also observed at low pressures.In a typical example, gas-phase irradiation of 1-methylindene produces 3-methylindene as the major product, in addition to 2-methylindene, while irradiation in solution leads only to the 2-methyl isomer.The reaction mechanism has been investigated via deuterium-labeling studies, the use of added potential triplet sensitizer and quencher gases, and collisional deactivation by added inert gases.Irradiation of selectively deuterated indenes results in nearly statistical scrambling in the five-membered ring of the indene skeleton, and multiple 1,5 hydrogen or alkyl migrations are proposed.The lack of triplet sensitization, quenching, or enhancement indicates that the photochemistry is derived from a single state.Collisional deactivation results in net quenching of all the photoproducts, with those exclusive to the gas phase quenched at a faster rate than the products observed in solution.Collisional deactivation concomitantly results in an enhancement in fluorescence emission, with little emission observed upon excitation into S2 in the absence of a quencher gas.A reaction scheme is proposed which involves the generation of photoproducts from S2 and S1vib.
