70946-44-0Relevant articles and documents
Identification and absolute configuration of dihydroxy-arachidonic acids formed by oxygenation of 5 S-HETE by native and aspirin-acetylated COX-2
Mulugeta, Surafel,Suzuki, Takashi,Hernandez, Noemi Tejera,Griesser, Markus,Boeglin, William E.,Schneider, Claus
experimental part, p. 575 - 585 (2010/09/04)
Biosynthesis of the prostaglandin endoperoxide by the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes is accompanied by formation of a small amount of 11 R- hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), 15 R-HETE, and 15 S-HETE as by-products. Acetylation of COX-2 by aspirin abrogates prostaglandin synthesis and triggers formation of 15 R-HETE as the sole product of oxygenation of arachidonic acid. Here, we investigated the formation of by-products of the transformation of 5 S-HETE by native COX-2 and by aspirin-acetylated COX-2 using HPLC-ultraviolet, GC-MS, and LC-MS analysis. 5 S,15 S-dihydroxy (di)HETE, 5 S,15 R-diHETE, and 5 S,11 R-diHETE were identified as by-products of native COX-2, in addition to the previously described di-endoperoxide (5 S,15 S-dihydroxy-9 S,11 R,8 S,12 S-diperoxy-6 E,13 E-eicosadienoic acid) as the major oxygenation product. 5 S,15 R-diHETE was the only product formed by aspirinacetylated COX-2. Both 5,15-diHETE and 5,11-diHETE were detected in CT26 mouse colon carcinoma cells as well as in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 cells incubated with 5 S-HETE, and their formation was attenuated in the presence of the COX-2 specific inhibitor, NS-398. Aspirintreated CT26 cells gave 5,15-diHETE as the most prominent product formed from 5 S-HETE. 5 S,15 S-diHETE has been described as a product of the cross-over of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and 15-LOX activities in elicited rat mononuclear cells and human leukocytes, and our studies implicate crossover of the 5-LOX and COX-2 pathways as an additional biosynthetic route. Copyright
Human platelets and polymorphonuclear leukocytes synthesize oxygenated derivatives of arachidonylethanolamide (anandamide): Their affinities for cannabinoid receptors and pathways of inactivation
Edgemond, William S.,Hillard, Cecilia J.,Falck,Kearn, Christopher S.,Campbell, William B.
, p. 180 - 188 (2007/10/03)
Arachidonylethanolamide (AEA), the putative endogenous ligand of the cannabinoid receptor, has been shown to be a substrate for lipoxygenase enzymes in vitro. One goal of this study was to determine whether lipoxygenase-rich cells metabolize AEA. [14C]AEA was converted by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to two major metabolites that comigrated with synthetic 12(S)- and 15(S)-hydroxy-arachidonylethanolamide (HAEA). Human platelets convert [14C]AEA to 12(S)-HAEA. 12(S)-HAEA binds to both CB1 and CB2 receptors with approximately the same affinity as AEA. 12(R)-HAEA, which is not produced by PMNs, has 2-fold lower affinity for the CB1 receptor and 10-fold lower affinity for the CB2 receptor than 12(S)-HAEA. 15-HAEA has a lower affinity than AEA for both receptors, with K(i) values of 738 and >1000 nM for CB1 and CB2 receptors, respectively. The addition of a hydroxyl group at C20 of AEA resulted in a ligand with the same affinity for the CB1 receptor but a 4-fold lower affinity for the CB2 receptor than AEA. 12(S)- HAEA and 15-HAEA are poor substrates for AEA amidohydrolase and do not bind to the AEA uptake carrier. In conclusion the addition of a hydroxyl group at C12 of the arachidonate backbone of AEA does not affect binding to CB receptors but is likely to increase its half-life. The addition of hydroxyl groups at other positions affects ligand affinity for CB receptors; both the position of the hydroxyl group and the configuration of the remaining double bonds are determinants of affinity.
Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)(15S)-15-Hydroxyeicosa-5,8,11,13-tetraenoic Acid (15S-HETE) and Analogues
Nicolaou, K. C.,Ladduwahetty, Tamara,Elisseou, E. Michael
, p. 1580 - 1581 (2007/10/02)
A novel and stereoselective synthesis of 15S-HETE and a number of analogues based on a Cu(I)-Pd(0) coupling reaction is described.
