71021-05-1Relevant articles and documents
The conversion of levoglucosenone into isolevoglucosenone
Ma, Xinghua,Anderson, Natasha,White, Lorenzo V.,Bae, Song,Raverty, Warwick,Willis, Anthony C.,Banwell, Martin G.
, p. 593 - 599 (2015/04/27)
Levoglucosenone (1), a compound that will soon be available in tonne quantities through the pyrolysis of acid-treated lignocellulosic biomass, has been converted into isolevoglucosenone (2) using Wharton rearrangement chemistry. Treatment of compound 1 with alkaline hydrogen peroxide gave the γ-lactones 5 and 6 rather than the required epoxy-ketones 3 and/or 4. However, the latter pair of compounds could be obtained by an initial Luche reduction of compound 1, electrophilic epoxidation of the resulting allylic alcohol 8 and oxidation of the product oxiranes 9 and 10. Independent treatment of compounds 3 and 4 with hydrazine then acetic acid followed by oxidation of the ensuing allylic alcohols finally afforded isolevoglucosenone (2). Details of the single-crystal X-ray analyses of epoxy-alcohols 9 and 10 are reported.
Stereoselective Addition of Nitromethane to Levoglucosenone; Formation and Structure of 2:1 and 1:2 Adducts
Forsyth, Angus C.,Gould, Robert O.,Paton, R. Michael,Sadler, Ian H.,Watt, Ian
, p. 2737 - 2742 (2007/10/02)
Tetramethylguanidine-catalysed addition of nitromethane to levoglucosenone affords in 98percent yield a 10:1 mixture of 2:1 adducts 2 and 3, which result from initial Michael addition of nitromethanide excusively from the exo face at C-4, followed by further reaction of the nitronate anion at both faces of the 1:1 adduct 4.In the presence of excess of levoglucosenone the major product (95percent) is a pentacyclic 1:2 adduct 6, formed by reaction of 1:1 adduct 4 with further levoglucosenone.MeOH-levoglucosenone-MeNO2 adduct 12 and 2:2 adduct 7 were also formed as by-products in the corresponding diethylamine-catalysed reaction in methanol.The structure of compound 6 was established by X-ray crystallography.