7476-94-0Relevant articles and documents
New lead discovery of herbicide safener for metolachlor based on a scaffold-hopping strategy
Deng, Xile,Zheng, Wenna,Zhan, Qingcai,Deng, Yanan,Zhou, Yong,Bai, Lianyang
, (2021/05/04)
The use of herbicide safeners can significantly alleviate herbicide injury to protect crop plants and expand the application scope of the existing herbicides in the field. Sanshools, which are well known as spices, are N-alkyl substituted compounds extracted from the Zanthoxylum species and have several essential physiological and pharmacological functions. Sanshools display excellent safener activity for the herbicide metolachlor in rice seedlings. However, the high cost of sanshools extraction and difficulties in the synthesis of their complicated chemical structures limit their utilization in agricultural fields. Thus, the present study designed and synthesized various N-alkyl amide derivatives via the scaffold-hopping strategy to solve the challenge of complicated structures and find novel potential safeners for the herbicide metolachlor. In total, 33 N-alkyl amide derivatives (2a–k, 3a–k, and 4a–k) were synthesized using amines and saturated and unsaturated fatty acids as starting materials through acylation and condensation. The identity of all the target compounds was well confirmed by1H-NMR,13C-NMR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The primary evaluation of safener activities for the compounds by the agar method indicated that most of the target compounds could protect rice seedlings from injury caused by metolachlor. Notably, compounds 2k and 4k displayed excellent herbicide safener activities on plant height and demonstrated relatively similar activities to the commercialized compound dichlormid. Moreover, we showed that compounds 2k and 4k had higher glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities in rice seedlings, compared to the metolachlor treatment. In particular, 2k and 4k are safer for aquatic organisms than dichlormid. Results from the current work exhibit that compounds 2k and 4k have excellent crop safener activities toward rice and can, thus, be promising candidates for further structural optimization in rice protection.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of fatty acid amides from Echinacea
Moazami, Yasamin,Gulledge, Travis V.,Laster, Scott M.,Pierce, Joshua G.
supporting information, p. 3091 - 3094 (2015/07/08)
Abstract Alkylamides are lipophilic constituents of Echinacea and possess numerous biological activities. Although significant effort has been focused on the study of crude Echinacea extracts, very little is known regarding the activities of the individual constituents that make up these herbal treatments. Herein we explore the SAR of simple alkylamides found in Echinacea extracts with respect to their ability to decrease the production of the pro-inflammatory mediator TNF-α. Our results have revealed the key structural requirements for activity and provide lead compounds for further investigation of these poorly understood molecules.
Ruthenium Tetroxide Oxidation of N-Acylated Alkylamines: A New General Synthesis of Imides
Tanaka, Ken-Ichi,Yoshifuji, Shigeyuki,Nitta, Yoshihiro
, p. 364 - 369 (2007/10/02)
Oxidation of various N-acylalkylamines with ruthenium tetroxide (RuO4) was systematically investigated.N-acylalkylamines having an electron-donating group at the α- or β-position with respect to amide nitrogen or an electron-donating alkyl function in the acyl group were smoothly oxidized to the corresponding imides in excellent yields.On the other hand, N-acylalkylamines having an electron-withdrawing group were not oxidized at all, and most of the starting material was recovered.It appears that the reactivity of N-acylalkylamines is closely correlated with the acidity of the carboxylic acid from which the N-acyl group is derived, and also with the electron density at the methylene moiety adjacent to the amide nitrogen atom.Keywords---oxidation; ruthenium tetroxide oxidation; imide synthesis; acyclic imide; amide; ruthenium tetroxide; substituent effect
