7535-00-4 Usage
Description
D-Galactosamine, also known as D-GalN or D-GalNAc, is a naturally occurring amino sugar derived from galactose. It is a model hepatotoxicant that induces hepatitis characterized by neutrophilic infiltration and can lead to fulminant hepatic failure. D-Galactosamine is synthesized in the human body and is a constituent of hyaluronic acid, which has various medical applications.
Uses
Used in Pharmaceutical Research:
D-Galactosamine is used as a model hepatotoxicant for studying various aspects of liver disease, including mechanisms of toxicant-induced apoptosis and necrosis, liver tissue repair, neutrophil infiltration and transmigration, and the role of endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in initiating liver injury.
Used in Medical Applications:
D-Galactosamine, as a constituent of hyaluronic acid, is used for various medical purposes such as wound healing, burn dressings, osteoarthritis treatment, cataract or corneal transplantation surgery, and various types of plastic surgeries. Hyaluronic acid acts as a lubricating agent in the synovial fluid of joints, connective tissues, and the vitreous humor of the eyeball.
Used in Biochemical Research:
D-Galactosamine is used as a research tool to study the synthesis and function of hyaluronic acid, as well as its role in various biological processes. It is also used to investigate the interactions between galactosamine and other biomolecules, such as proteins and lipids.
Used in Drug Delivery Systems:
D-Galactosamine can be used in the development of drug delivery systems, particularly for targeted drug delivery to the liver. Its hepatotoxic properties can be exploited to enhance the accumulation of therapeutic agents in the liver, potentially improving the treatment of liver diseases.
Used in Chemical Synthesis:
D-Galactosamine can be used as a starting material for the synthesis of various complex carbohydrates, glycoconjugates, and other bioactive molecules with potential applications in the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and materials science industries.
Toxicity evaluation
Galactosamine induces liver injury by interfering with the uridine
pool in the cell, which is essential for RNA and protein synthesis.
Galactosamine ismetabolized via the Leloir pathway of galactose
metabolism, which leads to the generation of uridine derivatives
of galactosamine. The two enzymes of the Leloir pathway,
galactokinase and UDP-galactose uridyltransferase, convert
galactosamine into galactosamine-1-phosphate and UDP-galactosamine,
respectively,due to their lowsubstrate specificity.UDPgalactosamine
blocks the final enzyme in Leloir pathway, the
UDP-galactose-40 epimerase, resulting in the accumulation of
UDP-galactosamine in the cells. This results in the depletion of
uridine triphosphate (UTP), UDP, uridine monophosphate
(UMP), and the sugar derivative of uridine such as UDP-glucose
and UDP-galactose essential for RNA and protein synthesis.
Orotate, a precursor of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway,
has been used as an antidote to galactosamine toxicity.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 7535-00-4 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 7,5,3 and 5 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 0 and 0 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 7535-00:
(6*7)+(5*5)+(4*3)+(3*5)+(2*0)+(1*0)=94
94 % 10 = 4
So 7535-00-4 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C6H13NO5/c7-3-5(10)4(9)2(1-8)12-6(3)11/h2-6,8-11H,1,7H2/t2-,3-,4+,5-,6?/m1/s1
7535-00-4Relevant articles and documents
Structure and gene cluster of the O-antigen of Escherichia coli O102
Perepelov, Andrei V.,Senchenkova, Sof'Ya N.,Shashkov, Alexander S.,Knirel, Yuriy A.,Wang, Quan,Gong, Yanping,Wang, Lei
, p. 73 - 77,5 (2012/12/13)
The O-polysaccharide (O-antigen) of Escherichia coli O102 was studied by sugar analysis along with one- and two-dimensional 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The following structure of the branched pentasaccharide repeating unit was estab
Heterogeneous structure of O-antigenic part of lipopolysaccharide of Salmonella telaviv (Serogroup O:28) containing 3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxy-D- glucopyranose
Kumirska,Dziadziuszko,Czerwicka,Lubecka,Kunikowska,Siedlecka,Stepnowski
experimental part, p. 780 - 790 (2012/01/19)
The O-polysaccharide of Salmonella Telaviv was obtained by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide and studied by chemical methods (sugar and methylation analyses, Smith degradation, de-O-acetylation) and NMR spectroscopy. The structure of the O-polysaccharide was established. The repeating units that are proximal to the lipopolysaccharide core region mostly have a digalactose side chain and lack glucose, whereas those at the other end of the chain mostly do bear glucose but are devoid of the disaccharide side chain. This is the first structure established for the O-polysaccharide of a Salmonella serogroup O:28 (formerly M) strain characterized by subfactors O281 and O282. Knowledge of this structure and the structure of the O-polysaccharide of Salmonella Dakar (O281, O28 3) established earlier is crucial for determination of the exact structures associated with subfactors O281, O282, and O283 and elucidation of the genetic basis of the close relationship between Escherichia coli O71 and S. enterica O:28 O-antigens.
Process for the preparation of cyclopropane carboxylic acid esters
-
, (2008/06/13)
3-(Halogenovinyl- or propenyl-)-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid esters, which are precursors of, or may themselves be, pyrethroid insecticides, are prepared by the reaction of certain halogenopentadienes with an alkyl diazoacetate in the presence of a catalyst which is a transition metal complex of certain chiral Schiff bases, which catalysts tend to increase the yield of preferred cis IR isomer relative to the other possible isomers.
