79183-98-5Relevant articles and documents
Equilibria and UV-spectral characteristics of BrCl, BrCl2-, and Br2Cl- species in 1,2-dichloroethane - Stereoselectivity and kinetics of the electrophilic addition of these species to alkenes
Chiappe, Cinzia,Moro, Federica Del,Raugi, Marco
, p. 3501 - 3510 (2007/10/03)
UV/Vis spectrophotometric measurements have been used to determine the equilibrium constants and the absorption spectra of Bu4N+Br2Cl- and Bu4N+BrCl2- species in 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) at 25°C. The formation constants and the absorption spectra of BrCl from Br2 and Cl2 and of Bu4N+Cl3- species from Bu4N+Cl- and Cl2 were also determined in this solvent at 25°C. The kinetics and the products of bromochlorination of several aryl-substituted olefins with BrCl, with Br2 in the presence of an excess of Bu4N+Cl- (Br2/Cl-), and with BrCl in the presence of an excess of Bu4N+Cl- (BrCl/Cl-) were investigated in DCE at different temperatures. The kinetics and product distribution data for the reactions with Br2/Cl- or BrCl/Cl- are interpreted on the basis of a mechanism involving a product- and rate-determining nucleophilic attack by chloride on the olefin-halogen (Br2 or BrCl) π complex. The data relating to the electrophilic addition of BrCl are interpreted in terms of the initial formation of a 1:1 olefin-BrCl π complex, the ionization of which, catalyzed by a second halogen molecule, gives a bromonium (or β-bromocarbenium) BrCl2- ion pair able to collapse to the corresponding bromochloro adducts. A significant proportion of the ion pair intermediates may, however, actually be present as bromonium (or β-bromocarbenium) Br2Cl- and Br3- ion pairs, and the collapse of these should be responsible for the formation of the dibromides in BrCl addition.