82291-37-0

Basic information

• Product Name: 1,2,4,7,9-Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
• Synonyms: 1,2,4,7,9-Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin;1,2,4,7,9-PCDD;1,2,4,7,9-Pentachlorodibenzo[1,4]dioxin;1,2,4,7,9-Pentachlorodibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxin;1,3,4,6,8-Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
• CAS NO: 82291-37-0
• Molecular Formula: C₁₂H₃Cl₅O₂
• Molecular Weight: 356.416
• Mol File: 82291-37-0.mol
• Article Data: 5

Chemical Properties

• Boiling Point: 441.5°Cat760mmHg
• Flash Point: 170.5°C
• Appearance: /
• Density: 1.714g/cm³
• Vapor Pressure: 1.4E-07mmHg at 25°C
• Refractive Index: 1.661
• CAS DataBase Reference: 1,2,4,7,9-Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: 1,2,4,7,9-Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin(82291-37-0)
• EPA Substance Registry System: 1,2,4,7,9-Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin(82291-37-0)

Safety Data

• Hazardous Substances Data: 82291-37-0(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Family

Dioxins

Type

Highly toxic compound

Classification

Persistent organic pollutant

Production

Unintentional byproduct of industrial processes (e.g., waste incineration, herbicide and pesticide production)

Health Effects

Cancer, reproductive and developmental problems, immune system damage

Environmental Impact

Bioaccumulates in the food chain, leading to widespread environmental contamination

Potential Harm

Risk to human and animal health

Regulation

Monitored and regulated by environmental agencies worldwide

InChI:InChI=1/C12H3Cl5O2/c13-4-1-6(15)10-8(2-4)18-11-7(16)3-5(14)9(17)12(11)19-10/h1-3H

Upstream product

• 88-06-2 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol 
• 2591-21-1 potassium salt of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol 
• 58200-75-2 potassium salt of 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol 

Relevant articles and documents

Role of copper chloride in the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans during incineration

Combustion experiments in a laboratory-scale fluidized-bed reactor were performed to elucidate the role of copper chloride in formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) during model waste incineration. The amounts of PCDDs and PCDFs formed, the homologue profiles, and the isomer distributions were measured in the flue gas from incineration of model wastes containing various levels of copper. A correlation was found between the Cu content of the waste and the proportion of each congener. An increase in copper enhanced the formation of certain congeners, showing that copper acts as a catalyst for formation of PCDDs and PCDFs. An increase in the copper content of the waste decreased the CO concentration in the flue gas and reduced the formation of PCDDs and PCDFs during incineration. This indicates that copper also works as an oxidation catalyst to promote combustion, leading to lower concentrations of products of incomplete combustion. It is indispensable to consider both roles of the catalyst, i.e., enhancement and suppression, in the formation of PCDDs and PCDFs during waste incineration, which are estimated separately from the isomer distributions and the amounts of PCDDs and PCDFs formed.

Influence of variation in combustion conditions on the primary formation of chlorinated organic micropollutants during municipal solid waste combustion

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of variation in combustion conditions on the primary formation of organic micropollutants (OMPs). The flue gas samples were taken at a relatively high flue gas temperature (650°C), to enable mechanistic studies on the high temperature formation (primary formation). Eleven experiments were performed in a laboratory scale fluidized bed reactor fed with an artificial municipal solid waste (MSW). The samples were analyzed for mono- to octachlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (CDDs/Fs), tri- to decachlorinated biphenyls (CBs), di- to hexachlorinated benzenes (CBzs), and di- to pentachlorinated phenols (CPhs). In addition to chlorinated OMPs, nonchlorinated dibenzo-p- dioxin (DD), dibenzofuran (DF), and biphenyl (BP) were analyzed. The experiments show that variations in the CE influence the degree of chlorination of the organic micropollutants. A correlation between low CE and formation of non- and low-chlorinated DMPs was seen and a distinct relationship of higher chlorinated homologues and efficient combustion condition. Thus, the DiCDFs and DiCBzs are formed during low combustion efficiency (CE), while the PeCDF and PeCBzs formation take place at higher CE. The distribution between primary and secondary air is important for the formation of higher CDD/Fs and CBzs. The primary formation of CDDs and CDFs is through different mechanisms. The CDDs are mainly formed by condensation of CPhs, while the CDFs are formed through a non- or a low-chlorinated precursor followed by further chlorination reactions.

Isomer-Specific Separation of 2378-Substituted Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins by High-Resolution Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

All polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) isomers containing four and more chlorine substituents were prepared by micropyrolysis of chlorophenolates.The synthesis included the preparation of all 22 tetra-, 14 penta-, 10 hexa-, 2 hepta-, and octachlorinated species (tetra- to octa-CDD).The gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric properties of these isomers were studied.High resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) on a 55-m Silar 10c glass capillary column allowed the separation of many of these isomers and allowed the unambiguous assignment of the toxic and environmentally hazardous 2378-substituted isomers (2378-tetra-, 12378-penta-, 123478-, 123678-, and 123789-hexa-CDD).Analyses were carried out to determine the occurence of these isomers in environmental samples and in fly ash from municipal incinerators.