84606-45-1Relevant articles and documents
Fast CO2 sequestration, activation, and catalytic transformation using N -heterocyclic olefins
Wang, Yan-Bo,Wang, Yi-Ming,Zhang, Wen-Zhen,Lu, Xiao-Bing
supporting information, p. 11996 - 12003 (2013/09/02)
N-Heterocyclic Olefin (NHO) with high electronegativity at the terminal carbon atom was found to show a strong tendency for CO2 sequestration, affording a CO2 adduct (NHO-CO2). X-ray single crystal analysis revealed the bent geometry of the binding CO2 in the NHO-CO2 adducts with an O-C-O angle of 127.7-129.9, dependent on the substitute groups of N-heterocyclic ring. The length of the C carboxylate-CNHO bond is in the range of 1.55-1.57 A, significantly longer than that of the Ccarboxylate-C NHC bond (1.52-1.53 A) of the previously reported NHC-CO 2 adducts. The FTIR study by monitoring the ν(CO2) region of transmittance change demonstrated that the decarboxylation of NHO-CO2 adducts is easier than that of the corresponding NHC-CO 2 adducts. Notably, the NHO-CO2 adducts were found to be highly active in catalyzing the carboxylative cyclization of CO2 and propargylic alcohols at mild conditions (even at ambient temperature and 0.1 MPa CO2 pressure), selectively giving α-alkylidene cyclic carbonates in good yields. The catalytic activity is about 10-200 times that of the corresponding NHC-CO2 adducts at the same conditions. Two reaction paths regarding the hydrogen at the alkenyl position of cyclic carbonates coming from substrate (path A) or both substrate and catalyst (path B) were proposed on the basis of deuterium labeling experiments. The high activity of NHO-CO2 adduct was tentatively ascribed to its low stability for easily releasing the CO2 moiety and/or the desired product, a possible rate-limiting step in the catalytic cycle.
Method for the preparation of imidazoles
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, (2008/06/13)
This invention discloses an improved method for preparation of imidazoles without isolation of the imidazoline intermediate which comprises reacting a diamine with carboxylic acid and heating the mixture at a temperature of 140°-300° C. at a pressure of subatmospheric to about 10 atm to form an amide, passing the amide over a nickel-containing catalyst at a temperature of 180° C. to 250° C. and a pressure of atmospheric to 200 psig and isolating the imidazole.