873-74-5Relevant articles and documents
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Borhani,Hawley
, p. 407,409,413 (1979)
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Interconversion of nicotine enantiomers during heating and implications for smoke from combustible cigarettes, heated tobacco products, and electronic cigarettes
Moldoveanu, Serban C.
, p. 667 - 677 (2022/02/02)
Physiological properties of (R)-nicotine have differences compared with (S)-nicotine, and the subject of (S)- and (R)-nicotine ratio in smoking or vaping related items is of considerable interest. A Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the analysis of (S)- and (R)-nicotine has been developed and applied to samples of nicotine from different sources, nicotine pyrolyzates, several types of tobacco, smoke from combustible cigarettes, smoke from heated tobacco products, e-liquids, and particulate matter obtained from e-cigarettes aerosol. The separation was achieved on a Chiracel OJ-3 column, 250 × 4.6 mm with 3-μm particles using a nonaqueous mobile phase. The detection was performed using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) in positive mode. The only transition measured for the analysis of nicotine was 163.1 → 84.0. The method has been summarily validated. For the analysis, the samples of tobacco and smoke from combustible cigarettes were subject to a cleanup procedure using solid phase extraction (SPE). It was demonstrated that nicotine upon heating above 450°C for several minutes starts decomposing, and some formation of (R)-enantiomer from a sample of 99% (S)-nicotine is observed. An analogous process takes place when a 99% (R)-nicotine is heated and forms low levels of (S)-nicotine. This interconversion has the effect of slightly increasing the content of (R)-nicotine in smoke compared with the level in tobacco for combustible cigarettes and for heated tobacco products. The (S)/(R) ratio of nicotine enantiomers in e-liquids was identical with the ratio for the particulate phase of aerosols generated by e-cigarette vaping.
COPPER NANOPARTICLE BASED CHEMOSELECTIVE REDUCTION
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Paragraph 0050; 0051, (2021/11/20)
The instant invention provides processes for a chemo selective reduction of a nitro group within a compound in the presence of other groups which can also be reduced. This aspect of the present invention provides an ammonia borane (AB) initiated chemoselective reduction process of a nitro group contained within a compound in the presence of a copper (Cu) nanoparticle based catalyst. The invention is also directed to Copper (Cu) nanoparticle (NP) based catalysts, selected from Cu/WOx, Cu/SiO2, and Cu/C; wherein x represents an integer having a value of from about 2 to about 3.5, used in the chemo selective reduction of a nitro group contained within a compound in the presence of other groups which can also be reduced.