91-99-6Relevant articles and documents
Synthetic technology of hydroxyethylaniline ester (III)
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Paragraph 0042; 0043; 0056; 0057; 0060, (2016/11/02)
The invention discloses a synthetic technology of hydroxyethylaniline ester (III). The synthesis process is shown by a chemical equation shown in the description. The technology has the following advantages: 1, the advantage of few instant reaction substances of a micro-channel reactor is used, so the flammable and explosive disadvantages of a hydroxyethylation reaction in a routine kettle are solved, the process safety is increased, and current chemical engineering safety operation requirements are met; and 2, the advantage of high mixing efficiency of the micro-channel reactor is used, the reaction can be carried out under solvent-free conditions when a hydroxyethylation reaction raw material is liquid, and when the excess amount of ethylene oxide is very small, so a reaction solution obtained after the hydroxyethylation reaction ends can be esterified in the micro-channel reactor, serial operation of two-step reactions is realized, and manpower and three wastes are greatly reduced. The technology is a new technology with simplified processes, and accords with environmental protection and safety requirements.
Hypoxia-Selective Antitumor Agents. 3. Relationships between Structure and Cytotoxicity against Cultured Tumor Cells for Substituted N,N-Bis(2-chloroethyl)anilines
Palmer, Brian D.,Wilson, William R.,Pullen, Susan M.,Denny, William A.
, p. 112 - 121 (2007/10/02)
A series of aniline mustards with a wide range of electron-donating and -withdrawing substituents in the 3- and 4-positions has been synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxicity in cell culture to examine the potential of using nitro group deactivated nitrogen mustards for the design of novel hypoxia-selective anticancer drugs (Denny, W.A.; Wilson, W.R.J.Med Chem. 1986, 29, 879).Hydrolytic half-lives in tissue culture media, determined by bioassay against a cell line (UV4) defective in the repair of DNA interstrand cross-links showed the expected dependence on the Hammett electronic parameter, ?, varying from 0.13 h for the 4-amino analogue to >100 h for analogues with strongly electron-withdrawing substituents.Cytotoxic potencies in aerobic UV4 cultures showed a similar dependence on ?.This dependence predicted that the 4-nitroaniline mustard would be 7200-fold less potent than its potential six-electron reduction product, the 4-amino compound, in growth inhibition assays using a 1-h drug exposure.The measured differential was much lower (225-fold) because of the instability of the latter compound, but a differential of 17500-fold was observed in the initial rate of killing by using a clonogenic assay.The potential for formation of reactive mustards by reduction to the amine or hydroxylamine was demonstrated by the 4-nitroso compound, which had an aerobic toxicity similar to that of the amine.Although these features confirmed the original rationale, the 3-nitro- and 4-nitroaniline mustards had only minimal hypoxic selectivity against UV cells.Toxicity to hypoxic cells appears to be limited by the low reduction potentials of these compounds and consequent lack of enzymatic nitroreduction.However, this study has demonstrated that nitro groups can be used to latentiate aromatic nitrogen mustards and indicates that examples with higher reduction potentials could provide useful hypoxia-selective therapeutic agents.
