Tribbula Terrestris P.E./ Fructus Tribuli CAS NO.22153-44-2

puncture vine is a low-growing flowering plant with small yellow flowers. although native to the old world, it has become naturalized throughout the rest of the world in warm climates, and can thrive in deserts and other poor growing conditions. it grows as an annual in colder climates. it gets its most commonly used name from the caltrop-like seeds, which, when mature, are capable of puncturing feet, hooves, and even bicycle tires. it has many other common names besides puncture vine, including bindii, devil's thorn, devil's weed, caltrop, tribulus, goathead and tackweed. it is extremely resistant to most of the techniques commonly used to control invasive plants, partly because the seeds maintain their viability for many years.

the active ingredients in tribulus include saponins, ligninamides, flavonoids, alkaloids and glycosides.