61-73-4 Usage
Description
Methylene Blue, also known as methylthioninium chloride, is a photoactive phenothiazine dye with a molecular formula of C16H18N3SCl. It is a small molecular weight dye that is effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. At room temperature, it appears as a solid, odorless, dark green powder that yields a blue solution when dissolved in water. Methylene Blue exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant, and cardioprotective properties.
Uses
1. Used in Staining Procedures:
Methylene Blue is used as a dye in various staining procedures, such as Wright's stain and Jenner's stain, for visualizing cellular structures under the microscope.
2. Used in Analytical Chemistry:
Methylene Blue serves as a redox indicator in analytical chemistry, helping to determine the presence or concentration of certain substances in a sample.
3. Used in Sulfide Analysis:
It is also used in the analysis of sulfide compounds, playing a crucial role in understanding the chemical composition of samples.
4. Used in Biology:
Methylene Blue is used to examine RNA and DNA under the microscope or in a gel, aiding in the study of genetic material.
5. Used as an Inhibitor:
Methylene Blue acts as a useful inhibitor of cGMP-mediated processes, which are involved in various cellular signaling pathways.
6. Used as a Medicine:
Due to its antimicrobial properties, Methylene Blue is used in the medical field to treat certain bacterial infections.
7. Used in Antimalarial, Antidepressant, and Cardioprotective Applications:
Methylene Blue exhibits properties that make it useful in the treatment of malaria, depression, and for providing cardioprotection.
Hazard
Toxic by ingestion.
Biological Activity
Biological stain and redox indicator. Inhibits tau filament formation (IC 50 = 1.9 μ M). Also inhibits soluble guanylyl cyclase.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Methylene blue (MB) is a highly recognized histological dye. It plays a vital role in microbiology and pharmacology. It has been employed in staining living organisms and in methemoglobinemia treatment. MB exhibits maximum absorption at 664nm. Exposure to methylene blue leads to various health hazards such as increased heart rate, vomiting, shock, Heinz body formation, cyanosis, jaundice, quadriplegia and tissue necrosis in humans
Clinical Use
Methylene blue is 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)-phenazathioniumchloride (Urised). The compound occurs as a dark greencrystalline powder with a metallic appearance that is solublein water (1:25) and alcohol (1:65).Methylene blue has weak antiseptic properties that makeit useful for the treatment of cystitis and urethritis. The actionof methylene blue is considered to be bacteriostatic.The compound colors the urine and stool blue green.
Safety Profile
Poison by ingestion,intraperitoneal, intravenous, and subcutaneous routes.Human systemic effects: cyanosis, blood changes.Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation datareported. When heated to decomposition it emits verytoxic fumes of NOx, SOx, and
Veterinary Drugs and Treatments
Methylene blue is used primarily for treating methemoglobinemia
secondary to oxidative agents (nitrates, chlorates) in ruminants. It
is also employed occasionally as adjunctive or alternative
therapy
for cyanide toxicity.
Intra-operative methylene blue is also being used to preferentially
stain islet-cell tumors of the pancreas
in dogs in order to aid in
their surgical removal or in determining the animal’s prognosis.
Purification Methods
Crystallise the chloride from 0.1M 664 2HCl (16mL/g), the crystals are separated by centrifugation, washed with chilled EtOH and diethyl ether, and dried under vacuum. Crystallise it from 50% aqueous EtOH, wash it with absolute EtOH, and dry it at 50-55o for 24hours. It has also been crystallised from *benzene/MeOH (3:1). It has been salted out with NaCl from a commercial concentrated aqueous solution, then crystallised from water, and dried at 100o in an oven for 8-10hours. [Beilstein 27 III/IV 5152.]
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 61-73-4 includes 5 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 2 digits, 6 and 1 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 7 and 3 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 61-73:
(4*6)+(3*1)+(2*7)+(1*3)=44
44 % 10 = 4
So 61-73-4 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C16H18N3S.ClH/c1-18(2)11-5-7-13-15(9-11)20-16-10-12(19(3)4)6-8-14(16)17-13;/h5-10H,1-4H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
