9003-07-0 Usage
Description
Polypropylene (PP) is a thermoplastic polymer composed of repeating propane-1,2-diyl units. It is a low-density, translucent, white solid with good thermal, chemical, and electrical properties, along with moderate strength. Polypropylene is less dense than water, insoluble in water, and floats on water. It is resistant to photo-oxidation and thermal oxidation at moderate temperatures but is sensitive to various external aging environments such as heat, light, and radiation.
Uses
Used in Automotive Industry:
Polypropylene is used as a material for various automotive components due to its high processability, low cost, and resistance to chemicals and moisture.
Used in Packaging Industry:
Polypropylene is used as a packaging material for various products, including labeling, due to its resistance to chemicals, moisture, and good barrier properties.
Used in Textile Industry:
Polypropylene is used as a material for manufacturing fibers and textiles, such as ropes, nets, and carpets, due to its strength, durability, and resistance to chemicals and moisture.
Used in General Molding Products:
Polypropylene is used as a material for general molding products, such as household items and containers, due to its ease of processing and good mechanical properties.
Used in Multiand Monofilament Fiber:
Polypropylene is used as a material for manufacturing multiand monofilament fibers for various applications, including fishing nets and medical sutures, due to its strength and resistance to chemicals and moisture.
Used in Hot Melt Adhesives and Paper Laminating:
Polypropylene serves as a base polymer in hot melt adhesives and paper-laminating applications, providing good adhesion and bonding properties.
Used as an Extender and Viscosity Modifier in Caulks and Sealants:
Polypropylene is used as an extender and viscosity modifier in caulks and sealants, improving their performance and durability.
Used as a Waterproofing Agent in Wire and Cable Applications:
Polypropylene is used as a waterproofing agent in wire and cable applications, providing protection against moisture and enhancing the performance of the cables.
Used as a Modifier for Waxes:
Polypropylene is used as a modifier for waxes to reduce blocking, scuffing, and abrasion, and to improve pigment dispersion in polypropylene films and fibers.
Used in Impregnated Capacitors:
Polypropylene films, which can be made thinner than polyethylene films, are used to replace paper in impregnated capacitors, resulting in reduced loss.
Used in General Extrusion Grade Polymer:
Polypropylene is used as a general extrusion grade polymer for various applications, including the production of pipes, tubes, and profiles.
Strengthened with Reinforcing Agents:
The strength of polypropylene can be significantly increased by using reinforcing agents such as glass fiber, making it suitable for applications that require higher strength and durability.
Chemical Properties:
Polypropylene has good electrical resistance, low water absorption, and moisture permeability. It maintains its strength after repeated flexing and is resistant to most organic chemicals and aqueous solutions of inorganic salts or mineral acids and bases. However, it is attacked by halogens, fuming nitric acid, and other strong oxidizing agents at high temperatures. Polypropylene is combustible but slow-burning and can be modified for improved abrasion and heat resistance. It can also be chrome-plated, injection and blow-molded, and extruded.
Preparation
High pressure, free radical processes of the type used to prepare polyethylene
are not satisfactory when applied to propylene and other tX-olefins bearing a
hydrogen atom on the carbon atom adjacent to the double bond. This is
attributed to extensive transfer of this hydrogen to propagating centres (R .):The resulting allyl radical is resonance stabilized and has a reduced tendency
to react with another monomer molecule.
Although the Phillips and Standard Oil processes can be used to prepare
polypropylene, the polymer yields tend to be low and it appears that these
processes have not been used for commercial production of polypropylene.
Until about 1980, polypropylene has been produced commercially only by
the use of Ziegler-Natta catalysts. Commonly a slurry process is used and is
carried out in much the same manner as described previously for the
preparation of polyethylene ). In the case of polypropylene, some atactic polymer is formed besides the required isotactic polymer;
but much of this atactic material is soluble in the diluent (commonly heptane)
so that the product isolated is largely isotactic polymer. Recently, there has
been a marked shift towards processes involving gas phase polymerization
and liquid phase polymerization. Few details of these newer processes have
been published. Gas phase processes resemble those described previously for
the preparation of polyethylene ) and swing plants are
now feasible. In liquid phase processes polymerization is conducted in liquid
propylene, typically at 2 MPa (20 atmospheres) and 55°C. Concurrently with
these developments, new catalyst systems have been introduced. These materials have very high activity and the reduced levels that are required make it
unnecessary to remove catalyst from the final polymer. Also, the new catalyst
systems lead to polypropylene with higher'proportions of isotactic polymer
and removal of atactic polymer is not necessary.
Production Methods
In PP production, propylene monomer is polymerized to
make the homopolymer by using a Ziegler–Natta type coordination
catalyst. This catalyst results from the reaction and
interaction of a transition metal compound and an organometallic
compound, usually an alkylaluminum compound.
Halide atoms are involved in most such catalyst systems .
Polypropylene can be made by solution, slurry (or solvent),
bulk (or liquid propylene), or gas-phase polymerization, or a
combination of these processes . The most widely used is
the slurry process; however, the current trend is toward the
gas-phase process. In the solution, slurry, and bulk processes,
the catalyst system is mixed with propylene and a hydrocarbon
diluent (usually hexane, heptane, or liquid propylene) in a
reactor. After polymerization, the reaction mixture enters a
flash tank where unreacted propylene is removed and
recycled. Propylene–ethylene copolymers [9010-79-1] can
be manufactured when ethylene is fed along with propylene to
the polymerization reactor or by adding ethylene and propylene
to a postpolymerization reactor that contains PP. This
mixture may then be purified to remove lowmolecular weight
and atactic fractions and washed to remove catalyst residues.
The polypropylene resin is then dried and pelletized. During this time, additivesmay be incorporated in the gas-phase
process; no liquid diluent is used .
Air & Water Reactions
Insoluble in water.
Reactivity Profile
Polypropylene reacts with chlorine, fuming nitric acid and other strong oxidizing agents.
Hazard
Questionable carcinogen.
Health Hazard
No apparent toxicity
Safety Profile
Moderately toxic by
ingestion and intraperitoneal routes.
Questionable carcinogen. When heated to
decomposition it emits acrid smoke and
irritating fumes. Used in injection molding for auto parts, in bottle caps, and in
container closures.
Carcinogenicity
No data on the carcinogenicity
and mutagenicity of propylene are available for evaluation
by the working group.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 9003-07-0 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 9,0,0 and 3 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 0 and 7 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 9003-07:
(6*9)+(5*0)+(4*0)+(3*3)+(2*0)+(1*7)=70
70 % 10 = 0
So 9003-07-0 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
9003-07-0Relevant articles and documents
Glycerol Isopropyl Ethers: Direct Synthesis from Alcohols and Synthesis by the Reduction of Solketal
Samoilov, Vadim O.,Onishchenko, Maria O.,Ramazanov, Dzhamalutdin N.,Maximov, Anton L.
, p. 2839 - 2849 (2017)
The catalytic reduction of solketal ((2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methanol) over bifunctional heterogeneous palladium catalysts is proposed as an alternative to the synthesis of glycerol isopropyl ethers by the etherification of glycerol. The direct synthesis of glycerol isopropyl ethers from isopropanol and glycerol requires severe conditions (T=130–150 °C, p(H2)=20–35 bar) and a large excess of isopropanol to reach a considerable yield. The main reaction products in the catalytic reduction of solketal are glycerol mono- and di-isopropyl ethers and solketal isopropyl ether. Solketal conversion over Al-HMS-supported palladium catalysts (T=120 °C and p(H2)=20 bar) affords a mixture of ethers with a high degree of conversion (87 %), 78 % selectivity, and excellent regioselectivity between isomeric ethers. Zeolite-BEA-supported palladium catalysts also exhibit high activity but much lower selectivity because of intense acetone aldol condensation. The effects of Si/Al ratios in BEA zeolites and Al-HMS aluminosilicates and the amounts of supported palladium (1 and 2 wt %) on the properties of the catalysts at different reaction temperatures and hydrogen pressures are considered.
A pronounce approach on the catalytic performance of mesoporous natural silica toward esterification of acetic acid with iso-amyl, benzyl, and cinnamyl alcohols
Said, Abd El-Aziz A.,Abd El-Wahab, Mohamed M. M.,El-Gamal, Nadia O.,Goda, Mohamed N.
, p. 257 - 268 (2021/12/14)
Catalytic esterification of acetic acid with iso-amyl, benzyl, and cinnamyl alcohols in the liquid phase over unmodified natural silica catalyst has been studied. The virgin and calcined catalysts were characterized by thermal analyses (Thermogravimetry (TG) and diffrential thermal analysis (DTA)), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and N2 sorption analyses. The acidity of natural silica catalysts was investigated using isopropyl alcohol dehydration and chemisorption of pyridine and dimethyl pyridine. The results indicated that most of the acidic sites are of Br?nsted type and of intermediate strength. The effect of different parameters such as reaction time, molar ratio, catalyst dosage, and calcination temperature was studied. Natural silica catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic performance with a selectivity of 100% to acetate esters formation. The maximum yields of isoamyl, benzyl, and cinnamyl acetate esters obtained in the batch conditions were 80, 81, and 83%, respectively. Whereas on adopting a simple distillation technique, these yields were successfully improved to higher values of 97, 98, and 90%, respectively. Experimental results manifested that the reaction followed Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism. Finally, the catalyst could be completely recycled without loss of its activity after four cycles of the esterification reactions.
Investigation on the Thermal Cracking and Interaction of Binary Mixture of N-Decane and Cyclohexane
Chen, Xuejiao,Pang, Weiqiang,Wang, Bo,Zhang, Ziduan,Zhou, Lingxiao,Zhu, Quan
, (2022/03/02)
Abstract: The investigation about the thermal cracking performance and interaction of different components in hydrocarbon fuels is of great significance for optimizing the formulation of high-performance hydrocarbon fuels. In this work, thermal cracking of n-decane, cyclohexane and their binary mixture were studied in a tubular reactor under different temperatures and pressures. The gas and liquid products were analyzed in detail with different gas chromatography. The main gas products of pure n-decane and cyclohexane are similar, and there is a certain difference in the main liquid products. For binary mixture, the overall conversion rate and gas yield are lower than their theoretical value. The cracking conversion rate of n-decane in binary mixture is lower than that in pure n-decane, but the opposite change occurs for cyclohexane, and the effect become more obvious as the increase of the reaction pressure. These experimental phenomena can be explained by bond dissociation energy and free radical reaction mechanism. The pressure affects the free radical reaction path, and high pressure is more conducive to bimolecular hydrogen abstraction reaction, which will lead to different product content. A law of interaction between the n-decane and cyclohexane was observed according to the experimental results. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
