IARC Cancer Review: Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT    IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man 26 (1981),p. 97.(World Health Organization, Internation Agency for Research on Cancer,Lyon, France.: ) (Single copies can be ordered from WHO Publications Centre U.S.A., 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, NY 12210) . EPA Genetic Toxicology Program.

1. Introduction of Bleomycin sulfate
Bleomycin sulfate is one kind of white powder. It is soluble in water, methanol, slightly soluble in ethanol, practically insoluble in acetone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl ether. The Product Categories of this chemical is Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients; UVCBs-biological; Intermediates & Fine Chemicals; Pharmaceuticals. The Classification Code of Bleomycin sulfate is Antineoplastic; Drug / Therapeutic Agent; Human Data; Mutation data; Reproductive Effect; Tumor data.

2. Properties of Bleomycin sulfate
Physical properties about Bleomycin sulfate are:
(1)Storage Temp. 2-8 °C; (2)Water Solubility: 20 mg/mL; (3)H-Bond Donor: 21; (4)H-Bond Acceptor: 33; (5)Rotatable Bond Count: 36; (6)Tautomer Count: 1000; (7)Exact Mass: 1511.478534; (8)MonoIsotopic Mass: 1511.478534; (9)Topological Polar Surface Area: 705; (10)Heavy Atom Count: 101.

3. Structure Descriptors of Bleomycin sulfate
(1)Canonical SMILES: CC1=C(N=C(N=C1N)C(CC(=O)N)NCC(C(=O)N)N)C(=O)NC(C(C2=CN=CN2)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)OC(=O)N)O)C(=O)NC(C)C(C(C)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)NCCC5=NC(=CS5)C6=NC(=CS6)C(=O)NCCC[S+](C)C)O.OS(=O)(=O)[O-]
(2)InChIKey: WUIABRMSWOKTOF-OCBSMOPSSA-N
(3)Smiles: S([O-])(=O)(=O)O.O1[C@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H](O[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]2O)O)CO)O[C@@H]([C@@H](C(N[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](C(N[C@@H](C(=O)NCCc2nc(c3nc(C(=O)NCCC[S+](C)C)cs3)cs2)[C@@H](O)C)=O)C)O)C)=O)NC(c2nc([C@@H](CC(=O)N)NC[C@@H](C(=O)N)N)nc(c2C)N)=O)c2nc[nH]c2)[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H]1CO)OC(N)=O)O
(4)InChI: InChI=1S/C55H83N17O21S3.H2O4S/c1-20-33(69-46(72-44(20)58)25(12-31(57)76)64-13-24(56)45(59)82)50(86)71-35(41(26-14-61-19-65-26)91-54-43(39(80)37(78)29(15-73)90-54)92-53-40(81)42(93-55(60)88)38(79)30(16-74)89-53)51(87)66-22(3)36(77)21(2)47(83)70-34(23(4)75)49(85)63-10-8-32-67-28(18-94-32)52-68-27(17-95-52)48(84)62-9-7-11-96(5)6;1-5(2,3)4/h14,17-19,21-25,29-30,34-43,53-54,64,73-75,77-81H,7-13,15-16,56H2,1-6H3,(H13-,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,65,66,69,70,71,72,76,82,83,84,85,86,87,88);(H2,1,2,3,4)/t21?,22?,23?,24?,25?,29-,30+,34?,35?,36?,37+,38+,39-,40-,41?,42-,43-,53+,54-;/m0./s1

4. Toxicity of Bleomycin sulfate

Organism	Test Type	Route	Reported Dose (Normalized Dose)	Effect	Source
man	LDLo	unreported	.286units/kg (.286units/kg)	LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: FIBROSIS (INTERSTITIAL) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: ACUTE PULMONARY EDEMA	Southern Medical Journal. Vol. 80, Pg. 646, 1987.
mouse	LD50	intraperitoneal	210mg/kg (210mg/kg)		Gekkan Yakuji. Pharmaceuticals Monthly. Vol. 17, Pg. 455, 1975.
mouse	LD50	subcutaneous	103mg/kg (103mg/kg)	SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: PTOSIS: EYE GASTROINTESTINAL: "HYPERMOTILITY, DIARRHEA"	Japanese Journal of Antibiotics. Vol. 29, Pg. 894, 1976.
mouse	LDLo	intramuscular	74mg/kg (74mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA	Japanese Journal of Antibiotics. Vol. 29, Pg. 894, 1976.
rat	LD50	intraperitoneal	240mg/kg (240mg/kg)		Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. Vol. 7, Pg. 108, 1976.
rat	LD50	subcutaneous	86mg/kg (86mg/kg)	SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): HAIR: OTHER GASTROINTESTINAL: "HYPERMOTILITY, DIARRHEA" KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: URINE VOLUME INCREASED	Japanese Journal of Antibiotics. Vol. 29, Pg. 894, 1976.
rat	LDLo	intramuscular	59mg/kg (59mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA	Japanese Journal of Antibiotics. Vol. 29, Pg. 894, 1976.
women	TDLo	parenteral	20ug/kg (.02mg/kg)	SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): "DERMATITIS, ALLERGIC: AFTER SYSTEMIC EXPOSURE" LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CYANOSIS	Arthritis and Rheumatism. Vol. 28, Pg. 459, 1985.

Or:

1.		dnr-esc 20 µmol/L		MUREAV    Mutation Research. 164 (1986),19.
2.		hma-mus/esc 10 mg/kg		MUREAV    Mutation Research. 164 (1986),19.
3.		par-wmn TDLo:20 µg/kg:PUL,SKN		ARHEAW    Arthritis and Rheumatism. 28 (1985),459.
4.		ipr-rat LD50:240 mg/kg		IYKEDH    Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. 7 (1976),108.
5.		scu-rat LD50:86 mg/kg		JJANAX    Japanese Journal of Antibiotics. 29 (1976),894.
6.		ipr-mus LD50:210 mg/kg		YAKUD5    Gekkan Yakuji. Pharmaceuticals Monthly. 17 (1975),455.
7.		scu-mus LD50:103 mg/kg		JJANAX    Japanese Journal of Antibiotics. 29 (1976),894.

5. Safety information of Bleomycin sulfate
Hazard Codes: T, Xi
Risk Statements: 46-40-36/37/38 
R46:May cause heritable genetic damage. 
R40:Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect. 
R36/37/38:Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.
Safety Statements: 53-36/37-45-36-26
 S53:Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use. 
S36/37:Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. 
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) 
S36:Wear suitable protective clothing. 
S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
WGK Germany: 3
RTECS: EC5991990
F: 10
Poison by subcutaneous and intraperitoneal routes. Human systemic effects: cyanosis, allergic dermatitis. Questionable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic data. An experimental teratogen. Other experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of SO_x. See other bleomycin entries.

6. Uses of Bleomycin sulfate
Bleomycin sulfate (CAS NO.9041-93-4) is a group of related glycopeptide antibiotics. Bleomycin A2 is the main component of the bleomycin employed clinically.

7. Production of Bleomycin sulfate
The product is extracted from the Verticillium Streptomyces (Str.Verticillus) of the same antibiotics isolated from actinomycetes 72. The production process for the three fermentation medium as starch, glucose, soybean powder, yeast extract, corn syrup, sodium chloride, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, fermentation process once every 8 hours complement glucose solution,control fermentation broth residual sugar in about 1%, to be pH rebound began 8h complement corn syrup, each supplement intake to 0.5%, the middle of bleomycin fermentation does not produce foam, and therefore do not need to add defoaming oil. The refining process of bleomycin in aqueous solution to dissociation into cationic characteristics, acrylic weakly acidic cation exchange resin for separation, mention limit phenylhydrazine thion azobenzene, in methanol solution as a chelating agent, or toThe hydrogen sulfide removal of copper ions, repeatedly precipitated with acetone, purified and then filtered, vacuum drying was finished.