- An efficient reduction of nitro and bromine naphthalene derivatives
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Reduction of 1,5-dimethoxy-4-nitronaphthalene by hydrazine hydrate was optimized in the course of current study. Influence of metals, temperature and solvents upon the process was tested. Yield of the reaction was the highest in the presence of Zn powder in DMF. Moderate heating made the process slightly more efficient than that at room temperature, whereas high temperature led to a decreased yield. The current approach made it possible to exclude high pressure and diminish experimental costs.
- Dong,Zhang,Huang,Meng,Li
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- Structure-property relationship of D-A type copolymers based on phenanthrene and naphthalene units for organic electronics
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Four donor-acceptor (D-A) type conjugated polymers (PA1, PA2, PA3 and PA4) based on phenanthrene and naphthalene as the donating units with or without dimethoxy substitution were synthesized for organic field effect transistors (OFETs) and bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Dimethoxy substituents have significant effects on the optical, electrochemical, charge transport and photovoltaic properties depending on the donor-polyaromatic (PA) compounds. The optical band gaps of these PA-based copolymers from the smallest to the largest are as follows: 1.52 eV (1,5-dimethoxy substituted naphthalene (PA4)), 1.59 eV (unsubstituted naphthalene (PA3)), and 1.63 eV (unsubstituted phenanthrene (PA1), and substituted 9,10-dimethoxy phenanthrene (PA2)). While the values vary depending on the compounds, both PA2 and PA4 are found to have higher highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels than those of PA1 and PA3 due to the electron donating nature of dimethoxy substituents. The PA based copolymers without dimethoxy substituents showed highly balanced ambipolar behavior with ~1 cm2 V-1 s-1, whereas the electron mobility of dimethoxy modified PA (MeOPA) based copolymers was suppressed. The inverted bulk heterojunction OPVs based on PA1 and PA3 exhibited power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as 5.3% and 5.8%, respectively. The PCEs of PA copolymer-based OPV devices were mainly affected by an increase in the open circuit voltage rather than by the photocurrent or fill factor.
- Kim, Yeong-A,Kang, Minji,Jeon, Ye-Jin,Hwang, Kyeongil,Kim, Yeon-Ju,Jang, Soo-Young,Kim, In-Bok,Kwon, Gucheol,Kim, Dong-Yu
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- Crystal structures, DFT calculations and Hirshfeld surface analysis of two (E)-3-(aryl)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one chalcone derivatives, potential Mycobacterium tuberculosis Enoyl ACP reductase (InhA) inhibitors and optical materials: conformational differences within the prop-2-en-1-one unit
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A combined structural and computational study has been conducted on two chalcone compounds, namely (E)-3-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(4,8-dimethoxynaphthalen-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (1), and (E)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-(4,8-dimethoxynaphthalen-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (2). These compounds are members of a series of compounds identified from a molecular modelling study as potentially active Mycobacterium tuberculosis Enoyl ACP reductase (InhA) inhibitors. In addition, the computational study indicated that the compounds have potential as optical materials. The combined study revealed that both molecules in the solid state displayed similar overall molecular conformations between a ‘‘T’’ and a ‘‘Y’’ shape, but with different arrangements in the bridging prop-2-en-1-one unit: an anti-periplanar in 1 and a syn-periplanar in 2. The experimental and calculated bond lengths and angles for anti-periplanar 1 and syn-periplanar 2 were generally in good agreement.Theoretical calculations at the B3LYP/DGTZVP level in the gas phase, DMSO and water media indicated that for both compounds, the syn-periplanar form was the energy local minimum while the anti-periplanar form was the energy global minimum. However, the energy differences are very small, with slight variations when using the different basis sets (0.80 and 0.84 kcal/mol using the B3LYP/DGTVP theory level in gas phase, 0.28 and 0.32 in DMSO and 0.27 and 0.31 kcal/mol in water). The differences in the solid state arrangements within the bridging prop-2-en-1-one unit in 1 and 2 arise from variations in the intermolecular interactions, with halogen bonds being considered to be an important factor in stabilizing a syn-periplanar arrangement in compound 2. PLATON and Hirshfeld surface analyses confirmed the important intermolecular interactions in 1 and 2. Calculations were also carried out on the electronic and vibrational spectra, dipole moments and charge distributions of 1 and 2. The HOMO was located in the dimethoxynaphthalenyl region of the molecule with mild donor character, while the LUMO was located in the propenyl and phenyl regions of each molecule. The energy gaps between these orbitals are 3.35 eV for 1 3.25 eV for 2. The delocalization present in compounds 1 and 2 facilitates the HOMO-LUMO charge transfer process. The total electronic molecular dipolar moments (μTotal) were calculated to be 4.1511 and 5.9316 D for 1 and 2, respectively. The values of μTotal found for 1 and 2 are both larger than reported values for similar compounds, indicating that the compounds studied here should exhibit a good non-linear optical response.
- Albuquerque, Magaly Gir?o,Gon?alves, Raoni Schroeder B.,Lima, Camilo Henrique da Silva,Machado, Sérgio de Paula,Maia, Fernanda Lima de Azevedo,Oliveira, Laudicéa do Nascimento,Wardell, James L.,Wardell, Solange M. S. V.,da Silva, Talis Uelisson
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- Prekinamycin and an isosteric-isoelectronic analogue exhibit comparable cytotoxicity towards K562 human leukemia cells
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The synthesis of N-cyanobenzo[b]carbazoloquinone 4, an isosteric- isoelectronic analogue of prekinamycin, is described. Cytotoxicity studies with K562 human leukemia cells reveal that the cyanamide analogue has a bioactivity profile similar to that of pre
- Abbott, Glenn L.,Wu, Xing,Zhao, Zhufeng,Guo, Lei,Birman, Vladimir B.,Hasinoff, Brian B.,Dmitrienko, Gary I.
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- An efficient synthesis of 2-formyM,4,5,8-tetramethoxynaphthalene
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An improved synthetic method of 2-formyl-1,4,5,8-tetramethoxynaphthalene in 73% overall yield is described. This method has several advantages compared with the reported synthesis: first, the reactant is cheaper and the yield is higher; second, the reaction condition is milder and the reagent used is more friendly to environment; third, the work-up of each step is simpler; fourth, the protocol reported is more suitable for large-scale preparation.
- Wang, Rubing,Zheng, Xiaogang,Zhou, Wen,Peng, Ying,Zhu, Mengyuan,Li, Shaoshun
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- Discovery of heterocycle-containing α-naphthoflavone derivatives as water-soluble, highly potent and selective CYP1B1 inhibitors
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Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) has been well validated as an attractive target for cancer prevention and drug resistance reversal. In continuation of our interest in this area, herein, a set of forty-six 6,7,10-trimethoxy-α-naphthoflavone derivatives varying in B ring was synthesized and screened against CYP1 enzymes, leading to the identification of fluorine-containing compound 15i as the most potent and selective CYP1B1 inhibitor (IC50 value of 0.07 nM), being 84-fold more potent than that of the template molecule ANF. Alternatively, the amino-substituted derivative 13h not only possessed a potent inhibitory effect on CYP1B1 (IC50 value of 0.98 nM), but also had a substantially increased water solubility as compared with the lead ANF (311 μg/mL for 13h and 5 μg/mL for ANF). The current study expanded the structural diversity of CYP1B1 inhibitors, and compound 13h could be considered as a promising starting point with great potential for further studies.
- Dong, Jinyun,Huang, Guang,Cui, Qing,Meng, Qingqing,Li, Shaoshun,Cui, Jiahua
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- Regioselective Monomethylation of Unsymmetrical Naphthalenediols with Methanolic HCl
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Treatment of naphthalene-1,3-diol and naphthalene-1,7-diol with methanol containing dry hydrogen chloride at room temperature gives exclusively 3-methoxy-1-naphthol and 7-methoxy-1-naphthol, respectively.Of the other two unsymmetrical naphthalenediols, the 1,2-isomer was unreactive and the 1,6-isomer gave a mixture of regioisomers under the same conditions.Two symmetrical diols (the 1,5- and 2,7-isomers) examined by the same procedure gave the monomethyl ethers in 60-70percent yields.
- Bell, Kevin H.,McCaffery, Leslie F.
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- Total Synthesis of Shikalkin
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The first total syntheses of dihydroshikalkin and shikalkin were accomplished.
- Terada, Akira,Tanoue, Yasuhiro,Hatada, Akira,Sakamoto, Hiroshi
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- Selective bromination of 1-bromonaphthalene: Efficient synthesis of bromonaphthalene derivatives
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Selective and specific preparation methods are described for 1,4-dibromonaphthalene, 1,5-dibromonaphthalene and 1,3,5-tribromonaphthalene. The reaction of 1-bromonaphthalene and naphthalene with stoichometric quantities of bromine by using a minimum amount of solvent (methylene chloride) at -30 and -50°C smoothly affords 1,4-dibromonaphthalene in 90% yield. Photobromination of 1-bromonaphthalene in CCl4 at -30°C gives 1,2,3,4,5-pentabromo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenes, whereas 1,5-dibromonaphthalene is obtained at reflux (77°C) in 80% yield under the same conditions. Dehydrobromination of the pentabromide by t-BuOK affords 1,3,5-tribromonaphthalene as a sole product (91%). 1,5-Dibromo- and 1,3,5-tribromonaphthalenes were efficiently converted to the corresponding methoxy naphthalene derivatives.
- Cakmak, Osman,Demirtas, Ibrahim,Balaydin, Halis T
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- Oxidative dimerization of 4-methoxynaphthylamines in the presence of semiconductors
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Three types of 4-methoxynaphthylamines 4a-c were oxidized by treatment with metal oxides under molecular oxygen (O2). 4-Methoxy-1-naphthylamine 4a and 4,6-dimethoxy-1-naphthylamine 4b, on treatment with TiO2 under O2, gave mainly 2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives 5a and 5b, respectively whereas 4,8-dimethoxy-1-naphthylamine 4c afforded an unique carbazole 6c as the major product.
- Takeya, Tetsuya,Takahashi, Yosuke,Okamoto, Iwao,Tamura, Osamu
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- Toward Naphthocyclinones: Doubly Connected Octaketide Dimers with a Bicyclo[3.2.1]octadienone Core by Thiolate-Mediated Cyclization
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A viable method is reported for the synthesis of the bicyclo[3.2.1]octadienone scaffold in naturally occurring octaketide dimers. The procedure employs a reductive cyclization reaction mediated by an unusual ethanedithiol monosodium salt. Doubling up: A viable method for the construction of bicyclo[3.2.1]octadienone scaffolds has been developed, involving the reductive cyclization of dimeric naphthoquinone monoacetal mediated by the monosodium salt of 1,2-ethanedithiol. Bicyclo[3.2.1]octadienones may serve as key core units in the synthesis of biologically relevant naphthocyclinones.
- Ando, Yoshio,Hori, Subaru,Fukazawa, Takumi,Ohmori, Ken,Suzuki, Keisuke
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- Exploratory studies towards a synthesis of bioactive kinamycin natural products
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A synthetic approach towards kinamycins that harnesses the proclivities of the norbornyl scaffold is unveiled to access the oxy-functionalized and actively side-armed cyclohexenoid ring-D of these bioactive natural products. This ring-D building block has been further elaborated to the tricyclic ABD ring system present in kinamycins.
- Modugu, Nagi Reddy,Vannada, Jagadeshwar,Mehta, Goverdhan
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- First Stereoselective Total Synthesis of a Dimeric Naphthoquinonopyrano-γ-lactone: (+)-γ-Actinorhodin
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We have accomplished the first total synthesis of an isomerically pure naphthoquinonopyrano-γ-lactone dimer, γ-actinorhodin, in eleven steps. Two steps exploit pairs of peri-MeO groups as unusual selectivity controls. The respective MeO groups convey the steric bulk of a bromo or iodo substituent located ortho to one MeO group as steric hindrance into the vicinity of the second MeO group. This relay effect was indispensable for exerting regiocontrol in an aromatic bromination and diastereocontrol in an oxa-Pictet–Spengler cyclization. The absolute configuration of our target compound was established in an asymmetric Sharpless dihydroxylation of a β,γ-unsaturated ester, which was synthesized in a Heck coupling of a bromoiodonaphthalene with ethyl vinylacetate. The dihydroxylation provided the γ-hydroxylactone moiety of the bromonaphthalene that was used as the substrate in the oxa-Pictet–Spengler cyclization. Dimerization to the core of γ-actinorhodin occurred by two Suzuki couplings.
- Neumeyer, Markus,Brückner, Reinhard
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- A simple desymmetrization approach to the spiroxin framework
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The highly strained hexacyclic framework of spiroxins, a family of 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene-derived natural products, was efficiently constructed in ten steps from commercially available naphthalene- 1,5-diol using a symmetry-based strategy. Key reactions in this synthesis are biaryl homocoupling, oxidative desymmetrization of a C2-symmetric intermediate, selective oxidation of the naphthalene portion, and oxidative cyclization.
- Nabatame, Kazuyuki,Hirama, Masahiro,Inoue, Masayuki
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- New alkoxy-functionalized naphthodithiophene-based semiconducting oligomers and polymers
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We report the syntheses and characterization of two bent dialkoxy-substituted naphthodithiophene (bNDT) isomers as well as of the corresponding bNDT-based small molecule and polymer semiconductors for organic field-effect transistors and organic photovoltaics. The bNDT-based building blocks exhibit improved oxidation potential and photo- and air stability versus the benzodithiophene and linear naphthodithiophene counterparts. Incorporation of the dialkoxy substituents enables film fabrication from solution and control of the molecular solid-state packing. Among these semiconductors, the polymer P1 exhibits good hole field-effect mobility of about 0.4 cm2 Vs -1 with Ion/Ioff>104 for low-temperature annealing. These results indicate that bNDT is a promising building block for optoelectronic semiconducting materials.
- Huang, Chun,Hu, Yan,Zheng, Yan,Drees, Martin,Pan, Hualong,Facchetti, Antonio
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- Gold-Catalyzed Annulation of 1,8-Dialkynylnaphthalenes: Synthesis and Photoelectric Properties of Indenophenalene-Based Derivatives
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A simple gold-catalyzed annulation of 1,8-dialkynylnaphthalenes utilizing a cationic gold catalyst was developed. Such a peri-position of two alkynyl substituents has not been studied in gold catalysis before. Dependent on the substrate, the reactions either follow a mechanism involving vinyl cation intermediates or involve a dual gold catalysis mechanism which in an initial 6-endo-dig-cyclization generates gold(I) vinylidene intermediates that are able to insert into C?H bonds. Indenophenalene derivatives were obtained in moderate to high yields. In addition, the bidirectional gold-catalyzed annulation of tetraynes provided even larger conjugated π-systems. The optoelectronic properties of the products were also investigated.
- Fard, Sara Tavakkoli,Sekine, Kohei,Farshadfar, Kaveh,Rominger, Frank,Rudolph, Matthias,Ariafard, Alireza,Hashmi, A. Stephen K.
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supporting information
p. 3552 - 3559
(2021/02/05)
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- Development of benzochalcone derivatives as selective CYP1B1 inhibitors and anticancer agents
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A series of benzochalcone derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for CYP1 inhibitory activity and cytotoxic properties against wild type cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and drug resistant cell lines (LCC6/P-gp and MCF-7/1B1). All of these compounds were found to have selective inhibition towards CYP1B1 and the most potent two possessed single-digit nanomolar CYP1B1 potency. In addition, some of them showed promising cytotoxic activities not only against wild type cells, but also against drug resistant cells at low micromolar concentrations. More importantly, these multi-functional compounds may surmount drug-drug interactions that frequently occur during the combination of CYP1B1/P-gp inhibitors and anticancer drugs to overcome drug resistance. This study may provide a good starting point for the further development of more potent multi-functional agents with CYP1B1 inhibitory activity and cytotoxic potency in cancer prevention and treatment.
- Dong, Jinyun,Huang, Guang,Zhang, Qijing,Wang, Zengtao,Cui, Jiahua,Wu, Yan,Meng, Qingqing,Li, Shaoshun
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p. 1606 - 1614
(2019/09/30)
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- Compound and organic light emitting device comprising same
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Disclosed are a compound and an organic light emitting device including the same. The compound is represented by chemical formula 1 , wherein R_1 to R_4 individually refer to a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, hetero-aryl group, or condensed multi-substituent; A and B individually refer to a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group or hetero-arylene group; and m and n individually refer to an integer of zero or one. For a description of the chemical formula 1, refer to the following detailed description of the invention.(AA) Second electrode(BB) Electron injection layer(CC) Electron transfer layer(DD) Light emitting layer(EE) Hole transfer layer(FF) Hole injection layer(GG) Frist electrodeCOPYRIGHT KIPO 2015
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Paragraph 0206-0209
(2016/11/14)
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- Subclass-specific labeling of protein-reactive natural products with customized nucleophilic probes
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Natural products represent a rich source of bioactive compounds that constitute a large fraction of approved drugs. Among those are molecules with electrophilic scaffolds, such as Michael acceptors, b-lactams, and epoxides that irreversibly inhibit essent
- Rudolf, Georg C.,Koch, Maximilian F.,Mandl, Franziska A. M.,Sieber, Stephan A.
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supporting information
p. 3701 - 3707
(2015/03/04)
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- Nickel-catalyzed hydrogenolysis of unactivated carbon-cyano bonds
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Selective hydrogenolysis of C-CN bonds can allow chemists to take advantage of ortho-directing ability, α-C-H acidity and electron withdrawing ability of the cyano group for synthetic manipulations. We have discovered hydrogenolysis of aryl and aliphatic cyanides under just 1 bar of hydrogen by using a nickel catalyst. This protocol was applied in the aryl cyanide directed functionalization reaction and α-substitution of benzyl cyanides.
- Patra, Tuhin,Agasti, Soumitra,Modak, Atanu,Maiti, Debabrata
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p. 8362 - 8364
(2013/09/23)
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- PESTICIDES
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Disclosed herein are novel compounds and salts thereof having inhibitory activity against the biosynthesis of triglycerides, pesticidal compositions comprising the same as active ingredients, and a method for killing insects using the same. Functioning to inhibit the activity of diacyl CoA: glycerol acyltransferase, the novel compounds deny insects triglycerides, which are essential for their growth, thereby having a potent pesticidal effect. The compounds are safe for humans and may be used as environment- friendly pesticides.
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Page/Page column 7; 10-11
(2008/06/13)
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- Synthesis and properties of first representatives of crownophanes containing the fluorenone and naphthalene fragments
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A new family of crownophanes containing the fluorenone and naphthalene fragments linked by oligo(oxyethylene) bridges were synthesized. Reactions of these ligands with the paraquat dication gave inclusion complexes of the pseudorotaxane type that were det
- Lukyanenko,Lyapunov,Kirichenko
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p. 986 - 992
(2008/09/17)
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- Heck reaction: Stereo selective synthesis of trisubstituted olefins: Useful intermediates for anthraquinone carboxylic acid derivatives
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Palladium catalyzed arylation of dialkyl itaconate in presence of Pd(OAc)2/PPh3 as a catalyst, afforded trisubstituted olefins stereo selectively. These alkenes are useful intermediates for the synthesis of anthraquinone carboxylic acid derivatives. A new coumarin is also synthesized using this protocol.
- Rama Devi,Rajaram
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p. 591 - 597
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis and evaluation of photolabile sulfonamides as potential reagents for rapid photorelease of neuroactive amines
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The synthesis is described of photolabile sulfonamide derivatives of amino acids, most of which incorporate a monophosphate ester to promote water solubility. Points of particular synthetic interest include observations on the reduction of diaryl ketones
- Corrie, John E. T.,Papageorgiou, George
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p. 1583 - 1592
(2007/10/03)
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- Manganese(III)-Mediated Formylation of Aromatic Compounds in the Presence of Malonic Acid
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The reaction of naphthlenes with malonic acid in the presence of manganese(III) acetate gives naphthalenecarbaldehydes and naphthalenecarboxylic acids.Similar reactions of anthracene, pyrene, and methoxybenzenes also yield formylated and carboxylated products.It was found that the formyl group introduced to the aromatic ring was not derived from carboxymethyl radical generated directly by the thermolysis of manganese(III) acetate, but from a dicarboxymethyl radical formed by the interaction of malonic acid and manganese(III) acetate.In addition, it was also found that the dicarboxymethyl radicals attacked the position of the highest electron density on the aromatic ring and that this formylation was effective when the ionization potential of the aromatic copound was lower than 7.8 eV.
- Nishino, Hiroshi,Tsunoda, Katsunori,Kurosawa, Kazu
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p. 545 - 550
(2007/10/02)
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- Carbene Ligands as Anthracyclinone Synthons, 6. - Metal Carbene Chelates as Key Reagents in Syntheses of the Daunomycinone Series: Regiospecific Annulation of Arylcarbene Ligands as a Strategy towards the Synthesis of Rings B and C
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Reaction of tetracarbonyl carbene chelates of chromium 4, 5, and 18 with terminal alkynes leads to regiospecific annulation of the carbene ligands to give key intermediates in anthracyclinone synthesis.The B-ring of daunomycinone is formed by reaction of 3-(methoxycarbonyl)-5-hexynoate 1 with the naphthylcarbene complexes 4/5.The metal is recycled as hexacarbonylchromium by decomplexation of the anthracenol complexes 6/7 under CO pressure.Conventional steps lead to the tetracyclic systems 14/15 which serve as precursors to daunomycinone C and its 4-demethoxy analogue.The synthesis of ring C involves the annulation of the anisyl complex 18 by the propargylcyclohexanediones 16/17, and - after cleavage of the metal - leads to the naphthol derivatives 21/22.The functionalization of the ketone 23 to give the acid 24 via isocyanomethyl p-tolyl sulfone and the cyclization using TFA/TFAA are key steps towards the tetracyclic diketone 25 which is a well-known precursor of 11-deoxydaunomycinone E.
- Doetz, Karl Heinz,Popall, Michael
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p. 665 - 672
(2007/10/02)
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- Oxygen Sensitization of Electron Capture Response to Isomers of Polycyclic Aromatic Amines and Hydroxides
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The use of the oxygen-sensitized constant-current electron capture detector (ECD) with gas chromatography for analyte identification is extended by examining the responses of numerous polycyclic aromatic amines and hydroxides where an appropriate EC-enhancing chemical tag has been attached to the amino group or the hydroxy group has been methylated.For the majority of isomeric groups examined, measured response enhancements of the derivatives are sufficiently dependent on structural differences as to provide an additional means by which substitution isomers can be differentiated.The ion chemistry responsible for the EC and oxygen-sensitized responses also has been examined by the use of an atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometer (APIMS).
- Campbell, J. A.,Grimsrud, E. P.,Hageman, L. R.
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p. 1335 - 1340
(2007/10/02)
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- HALOGENATION REGIOSELECTIVE EN SERIE AROMATIQUE-II CHLORATION DES NAPHTOLS ET LEURS ETHERS A L'AIDE DE REACTIFS METTANT EN JEU DES INTERACTIONS DU TYPE DONNEUR-ACCEPTEUR
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The regispecific chlorination of naphtols by hexachlorocyclohexadienones as selective chlorinating reagents is described.The selectivity attained is better than that which we have obtained with phenol derivatives and confirms the importance of the donor-acceptor interaction between the reagent and the naphthol during the chlorination.
- Guy, Alain,Lemaire, Marc,Guette, Jean-Paul
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p. 2347 - 2354
(2007/10/02)
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- Photochemical reactions of charge-transfer complexes. The irradiation of the charge-transfer complexes between 1,4-, 1,5-, and 2,3-dimethoxynaphthalenes and 1,2-dicyanoethylenes.
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The first part of this paper describes the experimental search for a donor which would complex preferentially one of the isomers of 1,2-dicyanoethylene.This involved measuring the association constants (KDAc) of the charge-transfer (ct) complexes of several dimethoxynaphthalenes (DMN) with maleonitrile (MN) and fumaronitrile (FN).From the measured KDAc, we found that MN complexes more strongly than FN with 1,4- and 1,5-DMN but that FN complexes more strongly with 2,3-DMN than does MN.These results are explained in terms of more than one favourable geometry for the ct complexes, since the donors are relatively large compared to the acceptors.Irradiation of the ct complexes between 1,4-, 1,5-, or 2,3-DMN and 1,2-dicyanoethylene led to isomerization of the olefins.The photostationary state depends on the absorption spectra of the ct complexes formed between the donor and the isomeric olefins.From spectroscopic and photo-CIDNP studies, we find evidence that the isomerization in polar solvents takes place via the triplet state of the olefin.The triplet is formed from the radical ion pair resulting after excitation of the ct complex.
- Wong, P.C.,Arnold, D.R.
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p. 918 - 927
(2007/10/02)
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