- Synthesis and characterization of In2S3 nanoparticles
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In this paper, we report a novel solution route to prepare In2S3 nanoparticles through directly dispersing melted indium in a sulfur-dissolved solvent. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electr
- Cao, Guangxiu,Zhao, Yanbao,Wu, Zhishen
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- Physical properties of CdS-In2S3 thin films
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The optical, electrical, photoelectric, and luminescent properties of CdS-In2S3 films prepared by spray pyrolysis were investigated. The films were found to consist of solid solutions and/or the compound CdIn2S4
- Semenov,Ostapenko,Lukin,Averbakh
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- The annealing effect on structural, optical and photoelectrical properties of CuInS2/In2S3 films
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Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) technique was used to deposit the CuInS2/In2S3 multilayer thin film structure at room temperature. The as-deposited film was annealed at 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 °C
- Kundak?, Mutlu
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- Ba3LnInS6 (Ln = Pr, Sm, Gd, Yb) and Ba 2LnGaS5 (Ln = Pr, Nd): Syntheses, structures, and magnetic and optical properties
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Six new quaternary rare-earth sulfides Ba3LnInS6 (Ln = Pr, Sm, Gd, Yb) and Ba2LnGaS5 (Ln = Pr,Nd) have been synthesized for the first time. Ba3LnInS6 (Ln =Pr, Sm, Gd, Yb) belong to the centrosymmetric space groupR3c of the trigonal system. The structures contain infinite onedimensional anionic chains 1 [LnInS6]6-, which are built from face-sharing LnS6 distorted triangular prisms and InS 6octahedra. Ba2LnGaS5 (Ln = Pr, Nd) crystallize in the centrosymmetric space group I4/mcm of the tetragonal system.Their structures consist of (BaLn)S layers built from (BaLn)S8 bicapped trigonal prisms. These layers are stacked perpendicular to the c axis and further connected by GaS4 tetrahedra to form a three-dimensional framework with channels occupied by Ba2+ cations. As deduced from magnetic susceptibility measurements on Ba2NdGaS5, it is paramagnetic and obeys the Curie?Weiss law. Besides, the band gap of Ba2NdGaS5 is determined to be about 2.12(2) eV.
- Feng, Kai,Yin, Wenlong,Yao, Jiyong,Wu, Yicheng,Shi, Youguo,Wang, Wendong
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p. 11144 - 11149,6
(2012)
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- A novel noble-metal-free binary and ternary In2S3 photocatalyst with WC and “W-Mo auxiliary pairs” for highly-efficient visible-light hydrogen evolution
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Herein, noble-metal-free In2S3-WC and In2S3-based photocatalysts with dual cocatalysts of flower-like MoS2 and bulk WC were synthesized through a facile solvothermal reaction. Electrochemical results indicated WC increased the interface conductance of photocatalyst and boosted the transference of photogenerated carriers. The optimal In2S3-WC show a hydrogen production rate of 128.11 μmol·h?1·g?1, which is around 6 times higher than In2S3-1%Pt (20.73 μmol·h?1·g?1). The above results demonstrate commercial WC has a crucial impact of replacing precious metal and separating carriers. Morphology characterization exhibited hydrangea In2S3 and flower-like MoS2 were attached to bulk WC. Gratifyingly, photocurrent, impedance and photoluminescence results demonstrated MoS2 further effectively separated the photogenerated carriers. Remarkably, the higher hydrogen generation rate of 390.52 μmol·h?1·g?1 obtained by the optimal ternary In2S3-WC-MoS2 composite was around 3 and 18 times higher than the optimal In2S3-WC and In2S3-1% Pt. The photocatalytic results demonstrated that “W-Mo auxiliary pairs” was a great efficient synergistic cocatalyst for In2S3 to increase active sites and improve e--h+ pairs separation for H2 generation. Furthermore, a probable reaction mechanism of the enhanced photocatalytic H2 generation was also proposed. This presented research provides an effective concept to design novel and efficient noble-metal-free photocatalyst with “W-Mo auxiliary pairs” for prominent H2 generation activity.
- Ma, Xiaohui,Li, Wenjun,Ren, Chaojun,Li, Hongda,Liu, Xintong,Li, Xinyang,Wang, Tianyu,Dong, Mei,Liu, Shujing,Chen, Shaowei
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- Five new chalcohalides, Ba3GaS4X (X = Cl, Br), Ba3MSe4Cl (M = Ga, In), and Ba7In 2Se6F8: Syntheses, crystal structures, and optical properties
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Five new chalcohalides, Ba3GaS4X (X = Cl, Br), Ba3MSe4Cl (M = Ga, In), and Ba7In 2Se6F8, have been synthesized by conventional high-temperature solid-state method. The
- Feng, Kai,Yin, Wenlong,Lin, Zuohong,Yao, Jiyong,Wu, Yicheng
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- Novel method for the preparation of inorganic sulfides and selenides. I. Binary materials and group II-VI phosphors
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A novel method for the synthesis of a wide range of metal sulfides and selenides is described. Polysulfide solutions formed by the dissolution of sulfur in hydrazine monohydrate have been shown to contain the hexasulfide and tetrasulfide anions. The actio
- Davies, Dominic A.,Vecht, Aron,Silver, Jack,Marsh, Paul J.,Rose, John A.
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- N,N′-Dialkyldithiocarbamate chelates of indium(III): Alternative synthetic routes and thermodynamics characterization
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Alternative synthetic routes to prepare N,N′-dialkyldithiocarbamate complexes of indium(III), In(S2CNR2)3 (R = CH3, C2H5, n-C3H7, i-C3H7, n-C4H9 and i-C4H9) from the metallic element and from indium monohalides, InX(X = Cl, Br and I) were established. The proposed mechanism of reaction involving InX considering a ligand redistribution reaction of XIn(S2C-NR2)2 initially produced, which could be derived from the insertion of InX into sulfur-sulfur bond of the tetralkylthiuram disulfide. The thermal decomposition of the In(S2CNR2)3 (R = CH3, C2H5, n-C3H7, i-C3H7, n-C4H9 and i-C4H9) compounds was investigated by the thermogravimetric technique, where two pathways were detected, depending on the dialkyldithiocarbamato ligand. The first step leads to indium metal, or alternatively In2S3, as the final residue for R = C2H5, n-C3H7, i-C4H9 and for R = CH3, i-C3H7, n-C4H9, respectively. The corresponding standard molar enthalpies of sublimation of all compounds were determined by means of differential scanning calorimetry and methods of estimation.
- Oliveira, Marcelo M.,Pessoa, Giuliana M.,Carvalho, Ludmilla C.,Peppe, Clovis,Souza, Antonio G.,Airoldi, Claudio
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- Spray pyrolysed In2S3 thin films: A potential electron selective layer for large area inverted bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells
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In this paper, we report the results of investigations on the potential of spray pyrolysis technique in depositing electron selective layer over larger area for the fabrication of inverted bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells. The electron selective layer (In2S3) was deposited using spray pyrolysis technique and the linear heterojunction device thus fabricated exhibited good uniformity in photovoltaic properties throughout the area of the device. An MEH-PPV:PCBM inverted bulk-heterojunction device with In 2S3 electron selective layer (active area of 3.25×3.25cm2) was also fabricated and tested under indoor and outdoor conditions. From the indoor measurements employing a tungsten halogen lamp (50mW/cm2 illumination), an open-circuit voltage of 0.41 V and a short-circuit current of 5.6 mA were obtained. On the other hand, the outdoor measurements under direct sunlight (74mW/cm2) yielded an open-circuit voltage of 0.46 V and a short-circuit current of 9.37 mA. Copyright
- Menon, M. R. Rajesh,Maheshkumar,Sreekumar,Kartha, C. Sudha,Vijayakumar
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- Synthesis, structure, and properties of Li2In2MQ 6 (M = Si, Ge; Q = S, Se): A new series of IR nonlinear optical materials
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The four isostructural compounds Li2In2MQ6 (M = Si, Ge; Q = S, Se) have been synthesized for the first time. They crystallize in the noncentrosymmetric monoclinic space group Cc with the three-dimensional framework composed of corner-sharing LiQ4, InQ 4, and MQ4 tetrahedra. The second-harmonic-generation signal intensities of the two sulfides and two selenides were close to those of AgGaS2 and AgGaSe2, respectively, when probed with a laser with 2090 nm as the fundamental wavelength. They possess large band gaps of 3.61(2) eV for Li2In2SiS6, 3.45(2) eV for Li2In2GeS6, 2.54(2) eV for Li 2In2SiSe6, and 2.30(2) eV for Li 2In2GeSe6, respectively. Moreover, these four compounds all melt congruently at relatively low temperatures, which makes it feasible to grow bulk crystals needed for practical application by the Bridgman-Stockbarger method.
- Yin, Wenlong,Feng, Kai,Hao, Wenyu,Yao, Jiyong,Wu, Yicheng
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- Study of the Ternary System Sn-In-S. Differential Thermal and Radiocrystallographic Analyses of Pseudobinary SnS-In2S3. Vapor Phase Growth and Characterization of Mixed-Valence Tin Compounds.
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The Sn-In-S ternary system has been studied using two different methods of crystal synthesis. By direct combination of the two sulfides (SnS and In//2S//3) various melts have been prepared, and the ternary phase diagram determined by differential thermal
- Adenis,Olivier-Fourcade,Jumas,Philippot
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- Recent studies on In2S3 containing oxygen thin films
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Attention has recently been paid to In2S3 thin films because of their potential application as buffer layer in CIGS-based solar cells. In this paper, the recent studies performed on such thin films deposited by chemical bath deposition (CBD) and physical vacuum deposition (PVD) are reported and compared. The main part of the experimental results exposed concerns the wide band gap PVD deposited β-In2S3 thin films. The influence of the synthesis conditions on the physico-chemical, optical, and electrical properties are reported and discussed in the paper. The oxygen present in the CBD and PVD films has been found to be the origin of their optical properties, which make them a good candidate to substitute CdS in thin films solar cells as buffer layer. The films have a n-type electrical conductivity and their optical band gap is about 2.8 eV.
- Barreau,Bernède,El Maliki,Marsillac,Castel,Pinel
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- Structural, textural and photocatalytic properties of quantum-sized In2S3-sensitized Ti-MCM-41 prepared by ion-exchange and sulfidation methods
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In2S3 nanocrystallites were successfully encapsulated into the mesopores of Ti-MCM-41 by a two-step method involving ion-exchange and sulfidation. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, UV-vis absorption spectra (UV-Vis), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms were used to characterize the structure of the composite materials. It is found that the diameter of most In2S3 nanocrystallites is about 2.5 nm, less than the pore size of Ti-MCM-41. The In2S3 nanocrystallites inside the Ti-MCM-41 host show a significant blue-shift in the UV-vis absorption spectra. Under irradiation of visible light (λ > 430 nm), the composite material has much higher photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution than bulk In2S3. It can be explained by the effective charge-separation in the quantum-sized In2S3-sensitized Ti-MCM-41.
- Shen, Shaohua,Guo, Liejin
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- Effect of internal surface area on the performance of ZnO In2 S3 CuSCN solar cells with extremely thin absorber
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Solar cells with an extremely thin light absorber were realized by wet chemical preparation on arrays of ZnO nanorods. The absorber consisted of an In2 S3 layer (~20 nm thickness) and its interface region with a transparent CuSCN hole conductor. By changing the length of the nanorods (0-3.3 μm) and keeping the In2 S3 layer thickness constant at ~20 nm, the short circuit current increased from about 2-10 mA cm2. A marked increase of the external quantum efficiency at longer wavelengths is attributed to light scattering and a solar energy conversion efficiency of 2.5% has been demonstrated.
- Kieven,Dittrich,Belaidi,Tornow,Schwarzburg,Allsop,Lux-Steiner
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- Deposition of Group 6A-derived inorganic semiconductor films as studied by quartz crystal microgravimetry
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This paper focuses on the use of QCM for the study of semiconductor film deposition processes. Specifically the electrosynthesis of metal chalcogenides (In2S3, CdS, and CdTe) is considered. A brief background is first given for electrodeposition as a process candidate for semiconductor film preparation. Previous studies are reviewed on the use of QCM (and specifically EQCM) in this area. New combined voltammetry-EQCM data are presented for the oxidative deposition of sulfur on polycrystalline Au surfaces from alkaline sulfide baths. The anodic growth of CdS films and the cathodic electrosynthesis of In2S3 are studied by the combined approach. Finally, data are presented on the cathodic electrosynthesis of CdTe films using EQCM in a rotating disc electrode (RDE) configuration. From an instrumental perspective, the presented data illustrate the virtues of combining the QCM technique with cyclic voltammetry, coulometry, and hydrodynamic (RDE) voltammetry for studies of semiconductor film deposition.
- Myung,Kim,Lincot,Lepiller,De Tacconi,Rajeshwar
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- Synthesis and characterization of quaternary chalcogenides InSn2Bi3Se8 and In0.2Sn6Bi1.8Se9
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Quaternary chalcogenides InSn2Bi3Se8 and In0.2Sn6Bi1.8Se9 were synthesized on direct combination of their elements in stoichiometric ratios at T>800 °C under vacuum. Their struct
- Wang, Ming-Fang,Jang, Shyue-Ming,Huang, Jih-Chen,Lee, Chi-Shen
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- Invariant sections in ytterbium-indium-soufre crystallographic descriptions of the phases
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In the ternary Yb-In-S system two phases were identified and their structure determinated on single crystal by X ray diffraction. Yb4/3In4/3S4 belongs to a solid solution, it has a cubic structure intermediate between spinel and NaCl type. All metal sites are incompletely occupied. Yb18In7.33S36 is hexagonal. YbIII atoms have two types of environment with sevenfold prismatic and sixfold octahedral coordination. However, the octahedral sites are occupied also by InIII atoms. Large channels around the threefold and sixfold axes are occupied by InI or are empty. The two structures are analyzed. They have the particularity to have octahedral sites occupied by YbIII and InIII statistically disordered. The remost similar radii of YbIII and InIII atoms are likely the reason of the existence of the hexagonal phase not found for other rare earth atoms and also of the presence of a large solid solution, domain for the first phase.
- Likforman, A.,Lemoine, P.,Guittard, M.
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- Low-temperature and template-free synthesis of ZnIn2S 4 microspheres
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Porous ZnIn2S4 microspheres have been successfully synthesized by means of a facile thermal solution method at 353 K. This method was a simple route that involved low temperature, no templates, no catalysts, no surfactants, or organic solvents. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, nitrogen sorption analysis, and a UV-vis spectrophotometer were used to characterize the products. The results demonstrated that the microspheres, which were composed of many ZnIn2S4 single crystal nanosheets, underwent the Oswald ripening and self-assembly processes. A morphology formation mechanism has been proposed and discussed. The porous ZnIn2S4 product showed an enhancing visible-light photocatalytic activity for methyl orange degradation. The as-grown architectures may have potential applications in solar energy conversion, environmental remediation, and advanced optical/electric nanodevices.
- Chen, Zhixin,Li, Danzhen,Zhang, Wenjuan,Chen, Chun,Li, Wenjuan,Sun, Meng,He, Yunhui,Fu, Xianzhi
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- Fabrication of crystalline mesoporous metal oxides and sulfides
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Mesoporous metal oxides and sulfides were prepared by a simple solvothermal method using inorganic salts as metal sources and diethylene glycol (DEG) as solvent; they are formed by the aggregation of metal compound nanoparticles. The generality of this route to the mesoporous materials was proved by the fabrication of a series of mesoporous materials (TiO2, ZrO 2, ZnO, In2O3, ZnS, and In2S 3). Due to the different morphologies of nanoparticle subunits, the as-prepared mesoporous materials had different types of mesopores, which could be revealed by the N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images.
- Xue, Keyan,Chen, Dairong,Jiao, Xiuling
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- Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Coupled with Production of Highly Value-Added Organic Chemicals by a Composite Photocatalyst CdIn2S4@MIL-53-SO3Ni1/2
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Photocatalytic water splitting coupled with the production of highly value-added organic chemicals is of significant importance, which represents a very promising pathway for transforming green solar energy into chemical energy. Herein, we report a composite photocatalyst CdIn2S4@MIL-53-SO3Ni1/2, which is highly efficient on prompting water splitting for the production of H2 in the reduction half-reaction and selective oxidation of organic molecules for the production of highly value-added organic chemicals in the oxidation half-reaction under visible light irradiation. The superior photocatalytic properties of the composite photocatalyst CdIn2S4@MIL-53-SO3Ni1/2 should be ascribed to coating suspended ion catalyst (SIC), consisting of redox-active NiII ions in the anionic pores of coordination network MIL-53-SO3?, on the surface of photoactive CdIn2S4, which endows photogenerated electron-hole pairs separate more efficiently for high rate production of H2 and selective production of highly value-added organic products, demonstrating great potential for practical applications.
- Zhang, Huan-Huan,Zhan, Guo-Peng,Liu, Zi-Kun,Wu, Chuan-De
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- Room-temperature preparation of MIL-68 and its derivative In2S3 for enhanced photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction and organic pollutant degradation under visible light
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MIL-68, a typical In-based MOF, has been studied in many fields due to its excellent performance. Facile preparation of MIL-68, suitable for scalable preparation and industrial applications, is of great significance. In this work, a method for the room-temperature preparation of rod-like MIL-68 at the nano- and micro-scales was developed for the first time, in which water or salts such as NaF, sodium formate, sodium acetate and sodium propionate were used as modulating reagents. It appears that these modulating reagents can promote the deprotonation of terephthalic acid and the hydrolysis of indium salt to accelerate crystal nucleation. The size of MIL-68 can be controlled by changing the modulating reagents. Hollow porous In2S3 particles composed of assembled ultrathin nanosheets were obtained via sulfidation treatment using MIL-68 as a self-sacrifice template, and the obtained In2S3 exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity toward Cr(VI) reduction and methyl orange degradation under LED visible light irradiation. Furthermore, the photocatalytic mechanism and reusability were studied.
- Fu, Huifen,Hang, Jing,Wang, Chong-Chen,Wang, Peng,Wu, Lin,Zhao, Chen
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- Luminescent and transport properties of metastable quaternary compounds in the Cd, MIII ∥ S, Te (MIII = In, Ga) systems
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Metastable quaternary compounds in the reciprocal systems Cd, M ∥ S, Te (M = In, Ga) are prepared by liquid quenching, and their luminescent and transport properties are studied for the first time. Cd3In 2S2Te4,
- Odin,Chukichev,Rubina
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- Highly efficient In2S3/WO3photocatalysts: Z-scheme photocatalytic mechanism for enhanced photocatalytic water pollutant degradation under visible light irradiation
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A Z-scheme system In2S3/WO3 heterojunction was fabricated via a mild hydrothermal method and further applied for photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline (TCH) and Rhodamine B (Rh B) under visible light irradiation. The morphological structure, chemical composition and optical properties were studied by XRD, SEM, HRTEM and UV-visible absorption spectra. The results revealed that In2S3/WO3 hierarchical structures were successfully constructed, and the prepared In2S3/WO3 photocatalysts exhibited enhanced visible-light absorption compared to pure WO3 nanorods, which are essential to improve the photocatalytic performance. The degradation rate of TCH using the In2S3(40 wt%)/WO3 heterostructure (WI40) photocatalyst was about 212 times and 22 times as high as that for pure WO3 and pure In2S3, respectively. The degradation rate of Rh B with the WI40 photocatalyst was about 56 times the efficiency of pure WO3 and 7.6 times that of pure In2S3. The results of the surface photovoltage (SPV), transient photovoltage (TPV) and reactive oxidation species (ROS) scavenger experiments indicated that the Z-scheme system of In2S3/WO3 is favorable for photoexcited charge transfer at the contact interface of In2S3 and WO3, which benefits the charge separation efficiency and depresses the recombination of photoexcited charge, resulting in favorable photocatalytic pollutant degradation efficiency under visible light irradiation.
- Qiu, Qingqing,Zhu, Peng,Liu, Yao,Liang, Tongxiang,Xie, Tengfeng,Lin, Yanhong
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- Indium sulfide microflowers: Fabrication and optical properties
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With the assistance of urea, uniform 2D nanoflakes assembled 3D In2S3 microflowers were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method at relative low temperature. The properties of the as-obtained In2S3 flowers were characterized by various techniques. In this work, the utilization of urea and l-cysteine, as well as the amount of them played important roles in the formation of In2S3 with different nanostructures. Inferred from their morphology evolution, a urea induced precursor-decomposition associated with the Ostwald-ripening mechanism was proposed to interpret these hierarchical structure formation. Furthermore, the optical properties of these In2S3 microflowers were investigated via UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies in detail.
- Zhu, Hui,Wang, Xiaolei,Yang, Wen,Yang, Fan,Yang, Xiurong
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- Liquid ammonia mediated metathesis: Synthesis of binary metal chalcogenides and pnictides
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Addition of stoichiometric amounts of low valent metal halides to liquid ammonia solutions of disodium chalcogenide (Na2E; E = S, Se, Te) afforded a range of both crystalline (PbE (E = S, Se, Te), TIE (E = S, Se), Tl5Te3, Ag2E (E = S, Se, Te)) and X-ray amorphous (MS (M = Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg), M2E3 (M = Ga, In; E = S, Se, Te), HgE (E = Se, Te), CuE (E = S, Se, Te), Cu2S) metal chalcogenides in good yield (95%). Reactions between metal halides and sodium pnictides (Na3Pn; Pn = As, Sb) in liquid ammonia also afforded X-ray amorphous material (M3Pn2, M = Zn, Cd; MPn, M = Fe, Co, Ni) in good yield (95%). Isolation of the metal chalcogenides and pnictides was achieved through washing with CS2 and distilled water. All reactions were complete within 36 h. Products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA), electron probe analysis, FR-IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, microanalysis, and band gap measurements. Annealing amorphous material at 250-300 °C for 48 h induced sufficient crystallinity for analysis by X-ray powder diffraction.
- Shaw,Parkin
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- X-ray and transmission electron microscopy investigations of the new solids In5S5Cl, In5Se5Cl, In 5S5Br, and In5Se5Br
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The compounds In5Ch5X (Ch = S, Se; X = Cl, Br) represent new mixed valence solids with indium occurring simultaneously in three different oxidation states: In+, In3+ and In2+ where the latter appears as covalently bonded dumbbells (In2) 4+. Although the ionic formulation (In5Ch5X = In+ 2In3+ (In2)4+ 5Ch2- X-) is the same for all compounds, they crystallise in two structure types (In5Ch5Cl-type: monoclinic, P21/m, Z = 2; In5Ch5Br-type: orthorhombic, Pmn21, Z = 2). Ignoring the distribution of the halogen atoms, the anionic partial structure is very similar in both structure types. The main difference is an exchange of (In+) by (In2)4+ and vice versa on selected positions. This is possible due to the nearly identical coordination of both ions (tri-capped trigonal prisms). HRTEM investigations show remarkable differences in the real structures of In5Ch5Cl and In 5Ch5Br. In contrast to the perfectly ordered crystals of the bromides, the chlorides exhibit a variety of nanoscaled crystal defects, i.e. twinning, polylamellar intergrowth of polymorphs and lamellar intergrowth of structurally related compounds as demonstrated in In5S 5Cl/In6S7. The occurrence of these defects is discussed using an appropriate structure model.
- Deiseroth, Hans-Joerg,Reiner, Christof,Xhaxhiu, Kledi,Schlosser, Marc,Kienle, Lorenz
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- Bi3In4S10 and Bi14.7In 11.3S38: Two new bismuth sulfides with interesting Bi-Bi bonding
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Two new ternary bismuth chalcogenides, Bi3In4S 10 and Bi14.7In11.3S38, were synthesized from the reactions of binary sulfides via a two-step flux technique. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses indicate that Bi3In 4S10 crystallizes in the non-centrosymmetric space group Pm and Bi14.7In11.3S38 crystallizes in the centrosymmetric space group P21/m. Both compounds adopt three-dimensional frameworks. A distinct structural feature in the two structures is the presence of chains of Bi atoms with alternating short BiBi bonds of around 3.1 and longer distances of around 4.6 . The optical band gaps of 1.42(2) eV for Bi3In4S10 and 1.45(2) eV for Bi14.7In11.3S38 were deduced from the diffuse reflectance spectra.
- Yin, Wenlong,Mei, Dajiang,Yao, Jiyong,Fu, Peizhen,Wu, Yicheng
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- Single-source approach to the synthesis of In2S3 and In2O3 crystallites and their optical properties
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Novel urchin-like In2S3 microspheres constructed with nanoflakes were synthesized via a single-source approach using indium diethyldithiocarbamate as precursor under hydrothermal conditions. In 2O3 nanoparticles with the average diameter of 20 nm were obtained by calcining the as-synthesized In2S3 microspheres at 500°C under ambient pressure. The samples were characterized by XRD, IR, TEM, and XPS. The optical properties of In2S3 micro-spheres and In2O3 nanoparticles were also investigated. UV-vis spectra indicate that there exists obvious blue shift compared with the In2S3 and In2O3 bulk materials. PL spectra demonstrate that the as-prepared In2S 3 and In2O3 crystallites can emit at 355 and 380 nm, respectively.
- Chen, Xiangying,Zhang, Zhongjie,Zhang, Xingfa,Liu, Jianwei,Qian, Yitai
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- Room temperature synthesis of In2S3 micro- and nanorod textured thin films
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Thin films of indium sulfide (In2S3) micro- and nanorods were successfully prepared by sulfurization of electrodeposited metal indium layers. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and UV-vis spectroscopy. From XRD and TEM observations it was concluded that the In2S3 nanorods and microrods have ~50 nm and ~0.5 μm diameter, respectively. A plausible top-growth mechanism was proposed for the formation of the nanorods in which the hydroxide layer was found to play an important role. The micro- and nanorods showed optical bandgap of ~2.2 and ~2.54 eV, respectively. This facile and cost effective method may be extended to fabricate other metal chalcogenide nanostructures on solid substrates.
- Datta, Anuja,Panda, Subhendu K.,Gorai, Soma,Ganguli, Dibyendu,Chaudhuri, Subhadra
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- Chemical interaction of indium arsenide and gallium antimonide with sulfur
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The reactions of fine-particle indium arsenide and gallium antimonide with sulfur and the composition of the reaction products obtained from different starting mixtures were studied by differential thermal analysis, x-ray diffraction, chemical analysis, and IR spectroscopy. The reaction between indium arsenide and sulfur begins at lower temperatures in comparison with gallium antimonide, is autocatalyzed, and yields In2S3 and As 2S3. The reaction between gallium antimonide and sulfur yields Ga2S3, Sb2S3, and (GaS) 2. Thermolysis of the resultant sulfide mixtures ensures a more complete separation of the sulfides in the case of indium arsenide.
- Kompanichenko,Omel'chuk,Kozin
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- Growth and the phase transition of indium sulfide ultrafine particle
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Indium sulfide particles produced in smoke have been analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Three phases, α, β and β′ with the different external shapes were produced. A mixture phase of β and β′ was found and the lattice relation was elucidated. The phase transition temperatures were assigned to be 400°C (α to β) and 500°C (β′ to β). 2005 The Physical Society of Japan.
- Ueda, Masahiro,Suzuki, Hitoshi,Kido, Osamu,Shintaku, Masayuki,Kurumada, Mami,Sato, Takeshi,Saito, Yoshio,Kaito, Chihiro
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- Pb5.0(1)In8.4(1)Bi1.6(1)S20, a new quaternary lead indium bismuth sulfide
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The title phase, first detected in the early 1980s but hitherto unpublished, has been resynthesized and structurally characterized. Unambiguous determination of the chemical com-position was not possible by structure analysis alone, but required additional analytical methods. The complex structure shows a close similarity to the structures of two related compounds, one known by the formula Pb1.6In8Bi4S 19 and the other being the ternary compound Pb6In 10S21. This is despite the fact that the three phases correspond to very different Pb:Bi ratios. A geometric mechanism is described by which the three structures can be transformed into each other, provided that the heavy atoms Pb and Bi are treated as equivalent.
- Reis,Kraemer,Seiler,Topa,Keller
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- Carbon quantum dot decorated hollow In2S3 microspheres with efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic activities
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Carbon quantum dot (CQDs) decorated hollow In2S3 microspheres were firstly synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. CQDs with an average size of 5 nm were attached on the surfaces of hollow In2S3 microspheres. The photocatalytic activities of the as-prepared samples were investigated by the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange under visible light, and the 3 wt% CQDs/In2S3 sample presented the most efficient photocatalytic activity which was almost 3 times the pure In2S3 sample. On the basis of the active species trapping experiment and ESR analysis, holes and superoxide radicals were proved to be the main active species in the photocatalytic degradation process, and a possible reaction mechanism was proposed.
- Huang, Changyou,Hong, Yuanzhi,Yan, Xu,Xiao, Lisong,Huang, Kai,Gu, Wei,Liu, Kuili,Shi, Weidong
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- Some studies on successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) grown indium sulphide thin films
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Indium sulphide (In2S3) thin films were grown on amorphous glass substrate by the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. X-ray diffraction, optical absorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Rutherford back scattering (RBS) were applied to study the structural, optical, surface morphological and compositional properties of the indium sulphide thin films. Utilization of triethanolamine and hydrazine hydrate complexed indium sulphate and sodium sulphide as precursors resulted in nanocrystalline In2S3 thin film. The optical band gap was found to be 2.7 eV. The film appeared to be smooth and homogeneous from SEM study.
- Pathan,Lokhande,Kulkarni,Amalnerkar,Seth,Han, Sung-Hwan
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- SEMICONDUCTOR PARTICLES IN BILAYER LIPID MEMBRANES. FORMATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND PHOTOELECTROCHEMISTRY.
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Bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs) have been formed from bovine phosphatidylserine (PS), glyceryl monooleate (GMO), and a polymerizable surfactant. These BLMs were then used to provide matrices for the in situ generation of microcrystalline CdS, CuS, Cu//2S, PbS, ZnS, HgS, and In//2S//3. Semiconductors were formed by injecting appropriate metal ion precursors and H//2S into the bathing solutions on opposite sides of the BLM. Their presence was established by voltage-dependent capacitance measurements, absorption spectroscopy, and optical microscopy. Subsequent to the injection of H//2S, the first observable change was the appearance of fairly uniform white dots on the black film. These dots rapidly moved around and grew in size, forming islands that then merged with themselves and with a second generation of dots, which ultimately led to a continuous film that continued to grow in thickness.
- Zhao,Baral,Rolandi,Fendler
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- Bi2S3–In2S3 Heterostructures for Efficient Photoreduction of Highly Toxic Cr6+ Enabled by Facet-Coupling and Z-Scheme Structure
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The construction of Z-scheme photocatalyst materials mimicking the natural photosynthesis system provides many advantages, including increased light harvesting, spatially separated reductive and oxidative active sites and strong redox ability. Here, a novel Bi2S3 nanorod@In2S3 nanoparticle heterojunction photocatalyst synthesized through one-pot hydrothermal method for Cr6+ reduction is reported. A systematic investigation of the microstructural and compositional characteristics of the heterojunction catalyst confirms an intimate facet coupling between (440) crystal facet of In2S3 and (060) crystal facet of Bi2S3, which provides a robust heterojunction interface for charge transfer. When tested under visible-light irradiation, the Bi2S3–In2S3 heterojunction photocatalyst with 15% Bi2S3 loading content achieves the highest Cr6+ photoreduction efficiency of nearly 100% with excellent stability, which is among the best-reported performances for Cr6+ removal. Further examination using optical, photoelectrochemical, impedance spectroscopy, and electron spin resonance spectroscopy characterizations reveal greatly improved photogenerated charge separation and transfer efficiency, and confirm Z-scheme electronic structure of the photocatalyst. The Z-scheme Bi2S3–In2S3 photocatalyst demonstrated here presents promise for the removal of highly toxic Cr6+, and could also be of interest in photocatalytic energy conversion.
- Wang, Linjuan,Karuturi, Siva,Zan, Ling
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- Thermal Oxidation of V2S5/InP Heterostructures in Oxygen
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X-ray emission and IR spectroscopy data are used to elucidate the mechanism of thermal oxidation of V2S5/InP structures in oxygen. The substrate-activator interaction is shown to have a significant effect on the oxidation mechanism and to improve the engineering performance of the structures.
- Mittova,Soshnikov,Terekhov,Semenov
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- Raman scattering studies of the Ge-In sulfide glasses
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Room temperature Raman scattering measurements of samples of the (1-x)GeS2-xIn2S3 (x=0.00-0.35) system have been conducted together with the FTIR transmission spectra of partial samples. Based on the Raman scattering and FTIR transmission spectra of the prepared defect spinel polycrystalline In2S3, the additional peaks at 306 and 245 cm-1 were ascribed to the local symmetric stretching vibration of InS4 tetrahedra and InS6 octahedra, respectively. According to the Raman scattering spectral evolution of the Ge-In sulfide glasses, the microstructure of the studied glasses was considered to be that S3Ge-GeS3 and S3In-InS3 ethane-like units originated from the sulfur deficient with the addition of In2S3 are homogeneously dispersed in a disordered polymer network formed by GeS4, InS4 tetrahedra and a small quantity of InS6 octahedra interconnected by sulfur bridges.
- Tao, Haizheng,Mao, Shun,Dong, Guoping,Xiao, Haiyan,Zhao, Xiujian
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- Structural diversity by mixing chalcogen atoms in the chalcophosphate system K/ In/P/Q (Q = S, Se)
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The new thiophosphate salt K4In2(PS4) 2(P2S6) (1), the selenophosphate salts K 5In3(μ3-Se)(P2Se6) 3 (2), K4In4(μ-Se)2- (P 2Se6)3 (3), and the mixed seleno-/thiophosphate salt K4In4(μ-Se)(P2S2.36Se 3.64)3 (4) are described. For the first time, a structurally different outcome of a chalcophosphate reaction was observed when sulfur and selenium are mixed, for example, by the use of K2S/P 2Se5/S/In instead of K2Se/P2Se 5/Se/In or K2S/P2S5/S/In. In compounds 1-4 indium atoms exist in a variety coordination environments. While in 1, indium is octahedrally coordinated, in 2-4 tetrahedral, trigonalbipyramidal, and octahedral coordination environments are found for indium atoms. This remarkable structural diversity possibly is a reason, why particularly indium chalcophosphate flux reactions often produce a large variety of compounds at intermediate temperatures. In the mixed seleno-/thiophosphate salt K4In4(μ-Se)(P2S2.36Se 3.64)3 (4) most of the chalcogen sites around the tetrahedrally coordinated P atoms show mixed S/Se occupancy. There is, however, a preference for Se binding to In ions and S binding to potassium ions.
- Rothenberger, Alexander,Wang, Hsien-Hau,Chung, Duckyoung,Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.
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- Thioglycolic acid-assisted solvothermal synthesis of CuInS2 with controllable microstructures
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A facile solvothermal approach assisted by thioglycolic acid (TGA) was developed to control the morphologies and microstructures of CuInS2. Furthermore, the band gap of the CuInS2 microspheres was tunable in the range of 1.50-1.76 eV, depending on the synthetic conditions. Copyright
- Gou, Xinglong,Peng, Shengjie,Zhang, Li,Shi, Yunhui,Chen, Jun,Shen, Panwen
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- Origins of cracking in highly porous anodically grown films on InP
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The nature of the surface films grown during the anodization of InP in an aqueous (NH4)2S electrolyte has been investigated. The previously reported cracking of these films is explicitly demonstrated to occur ex situ and not during the electrochemical treatment. The films have been identified as In2S3 and are shown to have a columnar morphology. The measured film thickness varies linearly with the charge density passed, and comparison between experimental measurements and theoretical estimates for the thickness indicates a porosity of 70-80% for the In2S3 film. Film cracking is attributed to shrinkage during drying of the highly porous film and does not necessarily imply stress in the wet as-grown film.
- Harvey,Buckley,Chu,Sutton,Newcob
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- Vaporization chemistry and thermodynamics of the lead-indium-sulfur system by computer-automated Knudsen and torsion effusion methods
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Vaporization of PbIn2S4(s) was studied by computer-autometed simultaneous Knudsen and dynamic torsion effusion.Vapor pressures and the apparent molecular weight of the effusing vapor were displayed in real time.The vaporization reaction was PbIn2S4(s)=In2S3(s)+PbS(g).The vapor pressure was measured 108 times in the temperature range 948-1086 K.For the vaporization reaction, third-law analyses gave ΔH deg (298 K)=253.0+/-0.1 kJ/mol.The enthalpy of PbIn2S4(s) with respect to its contituents PbS(s) and In2S3(s) was -23+/-4 kJ/mol.The apparent molecular weight showed stoichiometry changes in indium sulfide during the experiment.Residual indium sulfide, remaining after loss of all PbS, vaporized with some nonstoichiometry by In2S3(s)=In2S(g)+S2(g).The vapor pressure of the residual indium was measured 57 times in the temperature range 1035-1121 K; third-law analyses yielded ΔH deg(298 K)=613.4+/-0.4 kJ/mol for the dissociative vaporization reaction.The compound Pb2In6S11(s), found at lower temperatures, had negligible stability at the temperatures of this investigation.The unit cell of PbIn2S4(s) was orthorhombic with a=2.275 nm, b=1.356 nm, and c=1.953 nm.
- Haque, Reza,Gates, Alfred S.,Edwards, Jimmie G.
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- Interface photo-charge kinetics regulation by carbon dots for efficient hydrogen peroxide production
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Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a multi-functional chemical for a range of industries, but the present H2O2 production requires complex processes, and leads to environmental pollution, etc. Solar water-splitting is one of the potential avenues to combine H2O and O2 into H2O2 through a cheap and clean way. Most of the photocatalysts involve multiple components and interfaces to improve the catalytic activity and energy conversion efficiency. However, it is difficult to regulate the photo-charge kinetics between the multi-interface catalyst, which hinders the practical application of photocatalysts. Here, we report a SnS2/In2S3 type II heterostructure modified by carbon dots (SnS2/In2S3/CDs) to highly improve the stability of sulfides and realize generation of H2O2 by the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Notably, in situ transient photovoltage measurements (TPV) were carried out to analyze the charge transfer process among SnS2, In2S3 and CDs. The optimal SnS2/In2S3/CD composite (n(Sn):n(In) = 50%) displays a prominent H2O2 production rate of 1111.89 μmol h-1 g-1 without any sacrificial agent under the conditions of normal pressure and neutral solution (pH = 7). The quantum efficiency (QE) of H2O2 production was calculated to be 3.9% under light (λ = 535 nm), and the solar energy conversion efficiency (SCC) was up to 1.02%, which is the highest known production of H2O2 from sulfides as photocatalysts. Our work provides a new way to regulate the photo-charge kinetics of the multi-interface catalyst using CDs to achieve the extremely efficient production of H2O2 by photocatalytic water-splitting.
- Li, Yi,Zhao, Yajie,Nie, Haodong,Wei, Kaiqiang,Cao, Jingjing,Huang, Hui,Shao, Mingwang,Liu, Yang,Kang, Zhenhui
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- Full-color emission from In2S3 and In 2S3:Eu3+ nanoparticles
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New observations on the luminescence of In2S3 and europium-doped In2S3 nanoparticles show a green (510 nm) emission from In2S3 and In1.8Eu 0.2S3 nanoparticles while a blue (425 nm) emission is observed from In1.6Eu0.4S3 nanoparticles. Both the blue and green emissions have large Stokes shifts of 62 and 110 nm, respectively. Excitation with longer-wavelength photons causes the blue emission to shift to a longer wavelength while the green emission wavelength remains unchanged. The lifetimes of both the green and blue emissions are similar to reported values for excitonic recombination. When doped with Eu3+, in addition to the broad blue and green emissions, a red emission near 615 nm attributed to Eu3+ is observed. Temperature dependences on nanoparticle thin films indicate that with increasing temperature, the green emission wavelength remains constant, however, the blue emission shifts toward longer wavelengths. Based on these observations, the blue emission is attributed to exciton recombination and the green emission to Indium interstitial defects. These nanoparticles show full-color emission with high efficiency, fast lifetime decays, and good, stability; they are also relatively simple to prepare, thus making them a new type of phosphor with potential applications in lighting, flat-panel displays, and communications.
- Chen, Wei,Bovin, Jan-Olov,Joly, Alan G.,Wang, Shaopeng,Su, Fuhai,Li, Guohua
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- Aqueous precipitation and electrical properties of In2S3: characterization of the In2S3/polyaniline and In2S3/ polypyrrole heterojunctions
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The stability of indium sulphide aqueous supersaturated solutions at pH 2.50 and 25°C was investigated. Spontaneous precipitation proceeded at rates proportional to the solution supersaturation via a polynuclear mechanism and the phase formed was identified as In2S3. The absorption spectrum of In2S3 was measured from 190-800 nm and from the absorption threshold the optical energy gap was estimated to be Eo=(1.8±0.1) eV. The thermal energy gap Et=(1.6±0.2) eV was determined from resistivity against temperature measurements and a thermopower coefficient S=-100μVK-1 at room temperature was found. Finally, In2S3/polyaniline and In2S3/ polypyrrole heterojunctions were prepared and from the investigation of their I-V characteristics, the values of the ideality factor, n, the saturation current density, Jo, and the effective barrier height, φB, were determined to be n=(15±2), Jo=(38±7) A m-2 and φB=0.56 eV for the polyaniline and n=(64±8), Jo=(13±2) A m-2 and φB=0.59 eV for the polypyrrole heterojunction.
- Dalas, E.,Sakkopoulos, S.,Vitoratos, E.,Maroulis, G.,Kobotiatis, L.
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- Properties of In2S3 thin films deposited onto ITO/glass substrates by chemical bath deposition
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In2S3 films have been chemically deposited on ITO coated glass substrates by chemical bath deposition, using different deposition times and precursor concentrations. The bilayers are intended for photovoltaic applications. Different characterization methods have been employed: optical properties of the films were investigated from transmittance measurements, structural properties by XRD and micro-Raman, and surface morphology by SEM microscopy analysis. Also, the direct and indirect band-gaps and the surface gap states were studied with surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS). We proposed that electronic properties of the In2S3 samples are controlled by two features: shallow tail states and a broad band centred at 1.5 eV approximately. Their relation with the structure is discussed, suggesting that their origin is related to defects created on the S sub-lattice, and then both defects are intrinsic to the material.
- Asenjo,Guilln,Chaparro,Saucedo,Bermudez,Lincot,Herrero,Gutirrez
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- Primary solid-state batteries constructed from copper and indium sulphides
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Copper and indium sulphides were prepared by a chemical precipitation method and further characterized. Low-cost, easily fabricated dry cells were constructed by gluing the metal sulphides on a magnesium foil using a polymer electrolyte. The efficiency, energy densities and cell voltage values of the cells were in the range 8.1-6.2 mWh cm-3, 150-77 mWh g-1 and 1.58-1.21 V, respectively.
- Dalas, E.,Kobotiatis, L.
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- Ba2AgInS4 and Ba4MGa5Se 12 (M = Ag, Li): Syntheses, structures, and optical properties
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The first two members in alkaline-earth/group XI/group XIII/chalcogen system, namely Ba2AgInS4 and Ba4AgGa 5Se12, were synthesized along with a Li analogue Ba 4LiGa5Se12. Ba2AgInS4 crystallizes in space group P21/c. It contains 2∞[AgInS 4]4- layers built from AgS3 triangles and InS4 tetrahedra with Ba2+ cations inserted between the layers. Ba4AgGa5Se12 and Ba 4LiGa5Se12 adopt two closely-related structure types in space group P421c with structural difference originating from the different positions of Ag and Li in them. The three-dimensional framework in Ba4AgGa5Se12 is composed of GaSe4 tetrahedra with the Ba and Ag atoms occupying the large and small channels respectively, whereas that in Ba4LiGa 5Se12 is built from LiSe4 and GaSe4 tetrahedra with channels to accommodate the Ba atoms. As deduced from the diffuse reflectance spectra measurement, the optical band gaps were 2.32 (2) eV, 2.52 (2) eV, and 2.65 (2) eV for Ba2AgInS4, Ba 4AgGa5Se12, and Ba4LiGa 5Se12, respectively. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012.
- Yin, Wenlong,Feng, Kai,Mei, Dajiang,Yao, Jiyong,Fu, Peizhen,Wu, Yicheng
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- X-ray absorption spectra and conduction band structure of In 2S3
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X-ray absorption spectra of the spinel In2S3 were recorded at the sulphur K and indium L1 and L3 absorption edges, scanning the unoccupied electronic states of S p, In p, and In (s,d) symmetry, respectively. Alignment of all spectra on a common scale and comparison with calculated densities of states allowed an interpretation of all observed features in terms of final state character, chemical bonding and local symmetry. A picture of the conduction band structure is established.
- Womes,Jumas,Olivier-Fourcade
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- Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange by Ca doped β-In2S3 with varying Ca concentration
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Industrial wastewater is becoming a universal environmental problem, wherein toxic organic compounds are important sources of pollution. For the degradation toxic organic compounds, semiconductor-based photocatalysis has attracted wide attentions due to their photo-electric properties and high efficiency. Due to lots of advantages of β-In2S3 and the promotion role of Ca-doped on the photocatalytic performance, the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange by Ca doped β-In2S3 with varying Ca concentration were investigated. The results showed that calcium ion mainly entered into the crystalline lattices of β-In2S3 and the addition of Ca has changed the band structure of In2S3. The Ca0.8-β-In2S3 had a more abundant lamellar morphology and greater specific surface area than other Ca-doped β-In2S3. The increase in the adsorption sites and photocatalytic reaction sites, allowing Ca0.8-β-In2S3 to show the highest photocatalytic activity, which could degrade 98.37% of Methyl Orange (MO) in just 30?min. The improved photocatalytic performance of Ca0.8-β-In2S3 was also owed to the stronger visible light absorption, narrower band gap (2.16?eV), and photogenerated the effective separation of electron–hole pairs (e?/h+). When the light was shone onto the surface of Ca0.8-β-In2S3, more charge carriers and ·O2? were excited because Ca0.8-β-In2S3 had a narrower band gap and lower CB position. Additionally, h+ played a dominant role on the photocatalytic degradation of MO. Furthermore, the optimized Ca0.8-β-In2S3 photocatalyst had excellent stability and recoverability, which would be greatly helpful for practical application. The present work demonstrated that the optimal doping amount of Ca-doped β-In2S3 was 5.8%, which provides a favorable guideline for the further application of Ca-doped β-In2S3 to degrade pollutants.
- Chen, Yangfan,Li, Jiangling,Liu, Qingcai,Liu, Weizao,Ren, Shan,Yang, Jian,Yao, Wen
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- Direct Z-scheme WO3/In2S3 heterostructures for enhanced photocatalytic reduction Cr(VI)
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The design of efficient and stable photocatalysts for the removal of heavy metals in the environment has become a research hotspot. Here, a composite photocatalyst with three-dimensional In2S3 microspheres supported by WO3 nanoparticles was synthesized for the photoreduction of Cr(VI) for the first time. The constructed composite catalyst has a direct Z-scheme electron transport mechanism without any precious metals (Au, Pt, and Ag), quantum dots (TiO2 QDs) or carbon materials (Graphene) as electronic media. Constructing a direct Z-scheme WO3/In2S3 photocatalyst can greatly retain the reduction and oxidation reaction sites on the surface of the heterojunction and accelerate the reduction reaction. Under visible light irradiation, it greatly promotes the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI), which is 67.7 times and 3.6 times the reduction rates of WO3 and In2S3, respectively. The favorable photocatalytic performance of WO3/In2S3 should be attributed to the effective interfacial contact between the semiconductors in the Z-scheme system, thereby realizing effective electron transfer and charge separation. In addition, the stability of WO3/In2S3 was studied, and a possible mechanism in the photoreduction process of Cr(VI) was proposed.
- Arif, Muhammad,Chen, Shen-ming,Hu, Chengyao,Hua, Yuxiang,Liu, Xiaoheng,Zhang, Min
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- Photocatalytic Upgrading of Lignin Oil to Diesel Precursors and Hydrogen
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Producing renewable biofuels from biomass is a promising way to meet future energy demand. Here, we demonstrated a lignin to diesel route via dimerization of the lignin oil followed by hydrodeoxygenation. The lignin oil undergoes C?C bond dehydrogenative coupling over Au/CdS photocatalyst under visible light irradiation, co-generating diesel precursors and hydrogen. The Au nanoparticles loaded on CdS can effectively restrain the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes, thus improving the efficiency of the dimerization reaction. About 2.4 mmol gcatal?1 h?1 dimers and 1.6 mmol gcatal?1 h?1 H2 were generated over Au/CdS, which is about 12 and 6.5 times over CdS, respectively. The diesel precursors are finally converted into C16–C18 cycloalkanes or aromatics via hydrodeoxygenation reaction using Pd/C or porous CoMoS catalyst, respectively. The conversion of pine sawdust to diesel was performed to demonstrate the feasibility of the lignin-to-diesel route.
- Dou, Zhaolin,Wang, Min,Zhang, Zhe,Zhou, Hongru
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supporting information
p. 16399 - 16403
(2021/06/27)
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- C-H activations of methanol and ethanol and C-C couplings into diols by zinc-indium-sulfide under visible light
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Herein, an environmentally friendly CoP/Zn2In2S5 catalyst is reported as a visible-light photocatalyst for the selective activation of the α-C-H bond of methanol to generate ethylene glycol with a selectivity of as high as 90%. The catalytic system also illustrates the first example of visible-light-driven dehydrogenative coupling of ethanol to 2,3-butanediol.
- Zhang, Haikun,Xie, Shunji,Hu, Jinyuan,Wu, Xuejiao,Zhang, Qinghong,Cheng, Jun,Wang, Ye
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supporting information
p. 1776 - 1779
(2020/02/20)
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- Quaternary chalcogenides BaRE2In2Ch7 (RE = La-Nd; Ch = S, Se) containing InCh5 trigonal bipyramids
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Eight new quaternary chalcogenides BaRE2In2Ch7 (RE = La-Nd; Ch = S, Se) have been prepared by reactions of BaCh, In2Ch3, RE, and Ch at high temperatures. They adopt orthorhombic structures (space group Pbam, Z = 2; a = 11.6300(8)-11.5895(7) ?, b = 12.4202(9)-12.3001(8) ?, c = 4.0689(3)-4.0028(2) ? for the sulfides; a = 12.1515(6)-12.1358(10) ?, b = 12.9367(7)-12.8510(11) ?, c = 4.1966(2)-4.1363(4) ? for the selenides) containing one-dimensional anionic [In2Ch7] ribbons of corner-sharing InCh5 trigonal bipyramids, separated by Ba and RE cations. The structure is an ordered variant of the rare Eu3Sn2S7-type with Ba atoms occupying larger sites with nearly cubic geometry and RE atoms occupying smaller sites with bicapped trigonal prismatic geometry. The InCh5 trigonal bipyramids, which are unusual, exhibit four shorter In-Ch bonds and a fifth longer one. Band structure calculations indicate that BaLa2In2S7 is a direct gap semiconductor, and corroborate the description of the In coordination as CN4 + 1. On the basis of the optical absorption spectra, band gaps were estimated to be 1.87(2) eV for BaLa2In2S7 and 1.66(2) eV for BaLa2In2Se7.
- Yin, Wenlong,Iyer, Abishek K.,Lin, Xinsong,Li, Chao,Yao, Jiyong,Mar, Arthur
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p. 12329 - 12337
(2016/08/12)
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- Promoting Visible-Light Photocatalysis with Palladium Species as Cocatalyst
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Conventionally, Pd catalysis has been widely used in either heterogeneous or homogeneous thermocatalytic organic synthesis. Herein, we demonstrate a case study on the important, cocatalyst role of Pd nanoparticles in ternary In2S3-(reduced graphene oxide-palladium) [In2S3-(RGO-Pd)] composites for the selective oxidation of alcohols under visible-light irradiation. Pd acts as dual cocatalyst along with RGO to promote the more efficient separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and facilitate their spatial transfer across the interface in ternary In2S3-(RGO-Pd) composites, which leads to higher activity than that of binary In2S3-RGO composites. This work highlights the promising scope of using Pd nanoparticles as a cocatalyst for promoting visible-light photocatalysis towards selective organic transformations under ambient conditions.
- Li, Xiuzhen,Zhang, Nan,Xu, Yi-Jun
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p. 2047 - 2054
(2015/03/14)
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- In situ synthesis of hierarchical In2S3-graphene nanocomposite photocatalyst for selective oxidation
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We report a simple, in situ hydrothermal way to fabricate In2S3-graphene (GR) nanocomposites in which hierarchical In2S3 "petals" spread over the surface of GR sheets in virtue of the "structure directing" role of graphene oxide (GO) as the precursor of GR in a solution phase. With the addition of an appropriate amount of GO, the hierarchical petal-like In2S3 structures have been successfully grown on the two-dimensional (2D) GR "mat". The as-synthesized In2S3-GR nanocomposites featuring good interfacial contact exhibit much higher photocatalytic activity toward selective oxidation of alcohols under visible light irradiation than blank In2S3. A series of characterization results disclose that the significantly enhanced photocatalytic performance of In2S3-GR nanocomposites can be ascribed to the integrative effect of the increased separation and transfer efficiency of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and the larger surface area. This work highlights the wide scope of fabricating GR-based semiconductor nanocomposites with specific architectural morphology by rationally utilizing the "structure directing" property of GO and extending their applications toward photocatalytic selective transformations. This journal is
- Li, Xiuzhen,Weng, Bo,Zhang, Nan,Xu, Yi-Jun
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p. 64484 - 64493
(2015/04/27)
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- An ion-exchange route for the synthesis of hierarchical In 2S3/ZnIn2S4 bulk composite and its photocatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation
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In2S3/ZnIn2S4 bulk composite was successfully synthesized through an ion-exchange route using NaInS 2 as a precursor. Compared with the constituent pure component (In2S3 or ZnIn2S4), the photocatalytic H2 evolution of the composite was greatly enhanced because of the efficient separation and migration of photoexcited carriers (electrons and holes) at the interface of the bulk composite.
- Mei, Zongwei,Ouyang, Shuxin,Tang, Dai-Ming,Kako, Tetsuya,Golberg, Dmitri,Ye, Jinhua
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supporting information
p. 2687 - 2690
(2013/03/28)
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- Structure and evolved gas analyses (TG/DTA-MS and TG-FTIR) of mer-trichlorotris(thiourea)-indium(III), a precursor for indium sulfide thin films
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The indium complex, mer-trichlorotris(thiourea)-indium(III) (In(tu) 3Cl3, 1), crystallized from aqueous solution of InCl 3 and SC(NH2)2 (tu) with molar ratio of 1:3, is a single-source precursor for In2S3 films by chemical spray pyrolysis. The structural model of the triclinic crystal 1 (space group P-1 with a = 8.4842(2) ?, b = 10.5174(2) ?, c = 13.1767(2) ?, α = 111.1870(10)°, β = 98.0870(10)°, γ = 97.889(2)°) has been improved by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis through successful separation of the disordered positions of the asymmetric complex molecule situated on the inversion centre into two spatial arrangements. Thermal decomposition of 1 occurs withvery similar mass loss courses till 400 °C in both nitrogen and air , anyhow the DTA curve indicates a gas-phase oxidation with an additional exothermic heat effect at 255 °C in air. Partial or more advanced oxidation of the initially evolved CS2 has taken place in both atmospheres, as its oxidation products, SO2, COS, CO2 are accompanied by the release of NH3, HCl in temperature range of 205-275 °C, while H2NCN and HCN evolve in air. In the third mass loss step, in the temperature interval of 405-750 °C in nitrogen and 405-700 °C in air, two processes, evaporation and oxidation of the solid residues are competing with each other, resulting in final decomposition product of 1 in air In2O3, while also some In2O3 in inert atmosphere beyond the main phase of In 2S3 where, in addition considerable extent of loss of indium occurs, probably through volatile dimeric indium chloride species, which could not be detected either by EGA-MS or EGA-FTIR systems of ours. Nevertheless, evolution of HNCS is confirmed by EGA-FTIR, and release of CO 2, H2NCN, SO2, and a little HCl is detected at temperatures above 450 °C in both atmospheres.
- Otto, Kairi,Bombicz, Petra,Madarasz, Janos,Acik, Ilona Oja,Krunks, Malle,Pokol, Gyoergy
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- Microwave-assisted synthesis of In(SPh)3 and its use as precursor for the self-assembly of two new one-dimensional indium thiolate-dipyridyl compounds
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Tris(benzenethiolato)indium(III) (In(SPh)3) has been facilely prepared in high yield of 95.0% by a microwave-assisted solvothermal reaction of indium and diphenyl disulphide in methanol in 15 min. The combination of In(SPh)3 as precursor with dipyridyl ligands of bipy (bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine) and dpp (dpp = 1,3-di(4-pyridyl)propane) in methanol at ambient conditions yielded two new compounds, namely In(SPh)3(bipy) (1) and In(SPh)3(dpp) (2), respectively. Single-crystal X-ray crystallographic studies reveal that in both the structures, the five-coordinated In(III) ions in nearly perfect trigonal-bipyramidal geometry are interconnected by the bifunctional dipyridyl ligands to form one-dimensional chains. Their thermal properties have been investigated.
- Li, Jian-Rong,Xie, Zai-Lai,Hu, Bing,Huang, Xiao-Ying
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p. 265 - 267
(2011/03/20)
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- Syntheses and crystal structures of the homoleptic [Et4N][M(SC6H4Me-p)4] (M = Ga, In) and [Et4N][Ga(SePh)4]
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Treatment of [Et4N][GaCl4] with four equivalents of NaQR in methanol afforded the substitution complexes [Et4N][Ga(QR)4] (QR = SC6H4Me-p 1, QR = SePh 3), while the indium analogues [Et
- Han, Yan-Gong,Xu, Chao,Duan, Taike,Zhang, Qian-Feng,Leung, Wa-Hung
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- Growth and thermal expansion of In2S3 single crystals
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In2S3 single crystals have been grown by the Bridgman-Stockbarger method. Their composition has been determined by electron probe x-ray microanalysis, and their phase-transition temperatures have been evaluated by differential therma
- Bodnar,Gremenok
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p. 329 - 332
(2008/10/09)
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- Effects of iso- and heterovalent substitutions on the luminescent properties of CdS in the systems Zn, Cd || S, Te and In(III), Cd || S, Te
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We have studied the luminescent properties of three CdS-based solid-solution series, resulting from isovalent anion substitution (CdS 1-x Tex), isovalent cation and anion substitutions (Cd1-x ZnxS1-x
- Odin,Chukichev,Visitskii,Rubina,Mazov
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p. 1053 - 1057
(2008/10/09)
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- Phase relations in the Cd3S3 + In2Te 3 = Cd3Te3 + In2S3 system
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The Cd3S3 + In2Te3 = Cd 3Te3 + In2S3 reciprocal system has been investigated for the first time. The isothermal section (755 K) of the phase diagram of this system has been constructed. It has been found that solid solutions based on the components of a reciprocal system and on the CdIn 2S4, CdIn2Te4, and CdIn 8Te13 compounds participate in phase equilibria. CdIn 2S4- and In2S3-based phases with a cubic lattice of the spinel type, In2S3-based spinel-like phases, and the Cd3In2S2Te4 and Cd2In6S2Te9 compounds, which are metastable in the range 298-755 K, have been prepared. Copyright
- Odin,Rubina,Demidova
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p. 775 - 777
(2008/10/09)
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- General synthesis of metal sulfides nanocrystallines via a simple polyol route
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In this report, a simple and easy polyol route for synthesizing many binary metal sulfides nanocrystallines is demonstrated. Powder X-ray electron diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum are applied to investigate the crystallinity and composition of the nanoscale materials. The resulting particle size and morphology are examined by transmission electron microscopy, and the possible mechanism is also briefly discussed.
- Shen, Guozhen,Chen, Di,Tang, Kaibin,Liu, Xianming,Huang, Liying,Qian, Yitai
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p. 232 - 235
(2008/10/08)
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