- Synthesis and photophysical properties of metal complexes of curcumin dyes: Solvatochromism, acidochromism, and photoactivity
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Curcumin and its dyes have attracted attention due to their environment-sensitivity and optical properties. However, the free molecule has low photoactivity, which is a limitation for use in photodynamic therapy. To overcome this limitation, we proposed the chelation of a D-π-A-π-D curcumin dye (1) with the metals Cu (II) and Pd (II). The photophysical properties of the curcumin dyes were investigated in different solvents, using UV–vis spectroscopy and time-resolved/steady-state fluorescence techniques. In our results, all curcumin dyes exhibited a positive solvatochromism from non-polar to polar solvents, with the Stokes’ shift in the range of 1895–4970 cm?1. The acidochromism studies were performed in chloroform solution and TLC plates using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). The results exhibited a negative acidochromism and fluorescence quenching upon gradual addition of TFA, demonstrating reversibility upon addition of triethylamine (TEA). The main mechanism which influences the solvatochromism/acidochromism is the ICT system and fluorescence lifetime decays exhibited mono-exponential fit for aprotic solvents and bi-exponential fit for protic solvents (EtOH and MeOH). Compared to the curcumin ligand (1), the metal complexes (1a-b) exhibited higher singlet oxygen quantum yields (ΦΔ = 0.36 and 0.54, respectively). The in vitro antimicrobial photoactivity of the compounds was evaluated against six different microorganisms. The results showed that the metal complexes (1a-b) exhibited both antileishmanial (MIC = 2.29 μM against Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes) and antifungal (IC50 = 10 μM against Sporothrix brasiliensis yeasts) activities, while the ligand showed no activity, suggesting the chelation with the metals Cu (II) and Pd (II) may improve its photoactivity.
- Bello Forero, Josué S.,Mello, Thaís P.,Oliveira, Simone S. C.,Santos, André L. S.,Souza, Lucieri O. P.,de Fran?a, Bruna M.
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- Multi-target heteroleptic palladium bisphosphonate complexes
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Abstract: Bisphosphonates are the most commonly prescribed drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis and other bone illnesses. Some of them have also shown antiparasitic activity. In search of improving the pharmacological profile of commercial bisphosphona
- Cipriani, Micaella,Docampo, Roberto,Etcheverry, Susana,Gambino, Dinorah,Gancheff, Jorge S.,Kemmerling, Ulrike,Li, Zhu-Hong,Olea Azar, Claudio,León, Ignacio,Otero, Lucía,Rostán, Santiago
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- Structures, hydrolysis, stabilities of palladium(II) complexes containing biologically active ligands and species distribution in aqueous solution
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[PdACl2](n-1)H2O complexes {A: 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), 4-methyl-phenanthroline (4-mphen), 5-methyl-1,10-phenanthroline (5-mphen), 4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (dmphen), 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (tmphen)} were synthesized and characterized by CHN elemental analysis, ATR-FT-MIR and ATR-FT-FIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectral measurements. n is the number of crystal water molecules in the complexes. The n value for the complexes [Pd(phen)Cl2], [Pd(4-mphen)Cl2] and [Pd(5-mphen)Cl2] is 1; for the complex [Pd(tmphen)Cl2]H2O is 2; for the complex [Pd(dmphen)Cl2]2H2O is 3. [PdACl2](n-1)H2O complexes were converted into aqua complexes derived from 1,10-phenanthroline, [PdA(H2O)2]2+, and investigated [PdAB]+ mixed ligand complexes formed between [PdA(H2O)2]2+ complexes and amino acids {B: glycine (gly) and tyrosine (tyr)}. Protonation constants of the gly and tyr, the acid dissociation constants of the coordinated water molecules in [PdA(H2O)2]2+ complexes and the stepwise stability constant of the [PdAB]+ mixed ligand complexes were determined in aqueous 0.1 M KNO3 ionic media at 298.15 K by potentiometric methods. The protonation constants of ligands, the acid dissociation constants of aqua complexes and the stepwise stability constants of mixed ligand complexes were calculated from the potentiometric data using the “BEST” software package. The concentration distribution of the various species formed in aqueous solution was obtained using the “SPE” software package under the experimental conditions described. The order of stepwise stability of the mixed ligand complexes in terms of the gly and tyr was [Pd(tmphen)(gly/tyr)]+ > [Pd(dmphen)(gly/tyr)]+ > [Pd(4-mphen)(gly/tyr)]+ > [Pd(phen) (gly/tyr)]+ > [Pd(5-mphen)(gly/tyr)]+. This study could contribute to a better understanding of the behavior of the palladium(II) complexes in biological systems.
- ?nci, Duygu,Ayd?n, Rahmiye
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- Synthesis and catalytic application of Pd complex catalysts: Atom-efficient cross-coupling of triarylbismuthines with haloarenes and acid chlorides under mild conditions
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Palladium-catalysed cross-coupling reactions are some of the most frequently used synthetic tools for the construction of new carbon–carbon bonds in organic synthesis. In the work presented, Pd(II) complex catalysts were synthesized from palladium chloride and nitrogen donor ligands as the precursors. Infrared and 1H NMR spectroscopic analyses showed that the palladium complexes were formed in the bidentate mode to the palladium centre. The resultant Pd(II) complexes were tested as catalysts for the coupling of organobismuth(III) compounds with aryl and acid halides leading to excellent yields with high turnover frequency values. The catalysts were stable under the reaction conditions and no degradation was noticed even at 150°C for one of the catalysts. The reaction proceeds via an aryl palladium complex formed by transmetallation reaction between catalyst and Ar3Bi. The whole synthetic transformation has high atom economy as all three aryl groups attached to bismuth are efficiently transferred to the electrophilic partner.
- Jadhav,Pardeshi
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- The imidazo{[4,5-f][1,10]-phenanthrolin}l-2-ylidene and its palladium complexes: Synthesis, characterization, and application in C-C cross-coupling reactions
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1,3-dibutyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolinium iodide, L5.2HI ligand and their mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-nuclear palladium(II) complexes (5.HPF6, 6–8) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, UV–visible and
- G?k, Lütfiye,Günnaz, Salih,?ahin, Zarife Sibel,Pelit, Levent,Türkmen, Hayati
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- Perfluoroalkylation of Square-Planar Transition Metal Complexes: A Strategy to Assemble Them into Solid State Materials with a π-π Stacked Lamellar Structure
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Formation of π-π stacked lamellar structure is important for high performance organic semiconductor materials. We previously demonstrated that perfluoroalkylation of aromatics and heteroaromatics was one of the strategies to design organic crystalline materials with π-π stacked lamellar structures while improving air stability as a result of the strong electron withdrawing ability of perfluoroalkyl substituents. Square-planar transition metal complexes with large π-conjugated ligands are also an important category of semiconductor materials. We have perfluoroalkylated square-planar transition metal complexes, leading to the formation of a π-π stacked lamellar crystal packing motif in the solid state. Here we report six crystal structures of Pd and Pt complexes with bis-perfluorobutylated catechol ligand as one of the two ligands that bonds to the metal centers. This structural design possesses similar molecular topology when compared to perfluoroalkylated aromatics and heteroaromatics we have reported previously, again, demonstrating the steering power of the perfluoroalkyl substituents in engineering organic and organometallic solid state materials.
- Banikhaled, Mohammad O.,Becker, John D.,Koppang, Miles,Sun, Haoran
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p. 1869 - 1878
(2016/05/09)
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- DNA binding, DNA cleavage and HSA interaction of several metal complexes containing N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N′-benzoylthiourea and 1,10-phenanthroline ligands
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Abstract: Four novel ternary metal complexes of the type [M(Phen)(L1)2)] [phen?=?1,10-phenanthroline, L1?=?N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N′-benzoylthiourea, M?=?Ni(II)(1), Co(II) (2), Cu(II) (3), Pd(II) (4)] were synthesized. The org
- Peng, Bo,Gao, Zhuantao,Li, Xibo,Li, Tingting,Chen, Guorong,Zhou, Min,Zhang, Ji
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p. 903 - 916
(2016/09/28)
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- Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity of Palladium(II) Complexes with Diimine/Diamine and N-Carbonyl-L-Phenylalanine Dianion
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Six palladium(II) complexes, [Pd(bipy)(Bzphe-N,O)] (I-a), [Pd(bipy)(p-Mbzphe-N,O)]·2H2O (I-b), [Pd(bipy)(p-Nbzphe-N,O)]·2H2O (I-c), [Pd(phen)(Bmined by X-ray diffraction. The cytotoxicity test indicates that the complexes exert cytot
- Wang, Li-Wei,Liu, Si-Yuan,Wang, Jin-Jie,Peng, Wen,Li, Sheng-Hui,Zhou, Guo-Qiang,Qin, Xin-Ying,Wang, Shu-Xiang,Zhang, Jin-Chao
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p. 1049 - 1056
(2015/03/18)
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- Synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxicity of mixed-ligand complexes of palladium(II) with 1,10-phenanthroline and N-carbonyl-L-isoleucine dianion 1
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Three novel palladium(II) complexes [Pd(Phen)(Bzile)] (I), [Pd(Phen)(p-mBzile)] (II), and [Pd(Phen)(p-NBzile)]·H2O (III), where Bzile = N-benzoyl-L-isolecine), p-MBzile = N-(p-methylbenzoyl)-L- isolecine), p-NBzile = N-(p-nitrobenzoyl)-L-isolec
- Zhang,Wang,Liu,Zhang,Du,Li,Wang,Li,Zhou
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p. 115 - 119
(2014/03/21)
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- Noncovalent tailoring of the binding pocket of self-assembled cages by remote bulky ancillary groups
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The binding properties of a self-assembled coordination cage were subtly tuned by ancillary groups on the metal corners of the cage. Since the bulky mesityl groups of the ligand hang over the cage cavity, the effective cavity volume is reduced. Due to the tighter guest packing inside the shrunken cavity, smaller guests were efficiently bound and guest motion was restricted even at high temperatures.
- Fang, Yu,Murase, Takashi,Sato, Sota,Fujita, Makoto
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supporting information
p. 613 - 615
(2013/03/14)
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- Synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxicity of platinum(II)/palladium(II) complexes with 4-toluenesulfonyl-L-amino acid dianion and diimine/diamine
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Eight new platinum(II)/palladium(II) complexes with 4-toluenesulfonyl-L- amino acid dianion and diimine/diamine ligands, [Pd(en)(Tsile)]·H 2O (1), [Pd(bipy)(Tsile)] (2), [Pd(bipy)(Tsthr)]·0.5H 2O (3), [Pd(phen)(Tsile)]·0.5H2O (4), [Pd(phen)(Tsthr)]·H2O (5), [Pd(bqu)(Tsthr)]·1.5H 2O (6), [Pt(en)(Tsser)] (7), and [Pt(en)(Tsphe)]·H 2O (8), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, 1H NMR and mass spectrometry. The crystal structure of 7 has been determined by X-ray diffraction. Cytotoxicities were tested by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and sulforhodamine B assays. The complexes exert cytotoxicity against HL-60, Bel-7402, BGC-823, and KB cell lines with 4 having the best cytotoxicity against HL-60, Bel-7402, and BGC-823 cell lines; the compounds are less cytotoxic than cisplatin.
- Li, Luwei,Zhang, Jinchao,Ma, Lili,Zhang, Zhilei,Wang, Shuxiang,Li, Shenghui,Zhou, Guoqiang
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p. 638 - 649
(2013/05/22)
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- Structural and dynamic NMR characterization of [Pd(bipy)(R-thiourea) 2]2+ and [Pd(phen)(R-thiourea)2]2+ cations
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The synthesis and characterization of 10 complexes, [Pd(bipy)(R-TU) 2]Cl2 and [Pd(phen)(R-TU)2]Cl2 (bipy = 2,2′-bipyridyl; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline; R-TU = N-alkyl substituted thioureas), is presented. The con
- Rotondo, Archimede,Barresi, Salvatore,Cusumano, Matteo,Rotondo, Enrico
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- Regiospecific functionalization of pharmaceuticals and other biologically active molecules through cyclopalladated compounds. 2-iodination of phentermine and L-tryptophan methyl ester
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Phentermine hydrochloride ((PhCH2CMe2NH 3)Cl) or L-tryptophan methyl ester hydrochloride ([C 8H6NCH2CH(CO2Me)NH3]Cl) reacts with Pd(OAc)2 in a 1:1 molar ratio to give the cyclometalated complex [Pd2(k2-C,N-C6H4CH 2CMe2NH2-2)2(μ-Cl)2] (1) or (S,S)-[Pd2{K2-C,N-C8H 5NCH2CH(CO2Me)NH2-2} 2(μ-Cl)2] (2), respectively. Reaction of 1 or 2 with iodine affords trans-[PdCl2(NH2CMe2CH 2C6H4I-2)2] (3) or trans-(S,S)-[PdCl2{NH2CH(CO2Me)CH 2C8H5NI-2)2] (4), which further reacts with 1,10-phenanthroline to give [PdCl2(phen)] and the free amine 2-I-phentermine (5) or (S)-2-I-tryptophan methyl ester (6) (overall yields 44 and 51%, respectively, considering phentermine and L-tryptophan methyl ester as starting materials). The crystal structure of complex 3 has been determined by X-ray diffraction studies.
- Vicente, Jose,Saura-Llamas, Isabel,Bautista, Delia
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p. 6001 - 6004
(2008/10/09)
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- Synthesis and solid state and solution characterization of mono- and di-(η1-C) carbamoyl-palladium complexes. New efficient palladium-catalyzed routes to carbamoyl chlorides: Key intermediates to isocyanates, carbamic esters, and ureas
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The catalytic conversion of primary and secondary amines into isocyanates or carbamoyl chlorides is performed using palladium complexes. The palladium-based catalytic systems is very active and avoids the synthesis of phosgene. The palladium (II) complex
- Aresta, Michele,Giannoccaro, Potenzo,Tommasi, Immacolata,Dibenedetto, Angela,Lanfredi, Anna Maria Manotti,Ugozzoli, Franco
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p. 3879 - 3889
(2008/10/08)
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- Preparation and Interconversion of Dimeric Di-μ-hydroxo and Tri-μ-hydroxo Complexes of Platinum(II) and Palladium(II) with 2,2'-Bipyridine and 1,10-Phenanthroline
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Treatment of with AgNO3 in acetone gives the nitrato complexes .The palladium analogues were prepared from in dilute nitric acid.Dissolution of (M=Pd or Pt) in water results in the formation of the hydroxo-bridged dimers 2 plus nitric acid.Reaction of with AgNO3 in water gives 2 directly as the sole product.The dimers are resistant to substitution, although prolonged heating in aqueous nitric acid reforms .The dimers add 1 mol of OH(1-) to form the very stable trihydroxo-bridged compounds (1+) (M=Pt, deep red; M=Pd, deep yellow) where each metal is five-co-ordinate.These complexes are slowly cleaved by hydroxide to give , which was also prepared either by base hydrolysis or by reaction of with Ag2O.Addition of HX (X=NO3 or ClO4) to affords (1+), (2+) or at pH 8, 4, and 1 respectively.The complexes have been characterised by i.r., u.v., and n.m.r. (195Pt, 13C, and 1H) spectroscopy.
- Wimmer, Smita,Castan, Paule,Wimmer, Franz L.,Johnson, Neil P.
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p. 403 - 412
(2007/10/02)
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- Mixed neutral compounds of palladium(II) and platinum (II) chelated by diolato(2-) and di-imine ligands
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The synthesis and characterization are described for compounds abbreviated (a) 1-5: [Pd(phen)(OO)], where OO = the dianion from 1,2-ethanediol (1), (+)-1,2-propanediol (2), (±)-2,3-butanediol (3), (-)-1,2-butanediol (4), catechol (5); (b) the sulphur analogue (6) [Pd(phen)(SCH2CH2S)], from ethane-1,2-dithiol; (c) the platinum analogue (7) [Pt(phen)(OCH2CH2O)]; (d) the 2,2′-bipyridyl analogue (8), [Pd(bipy)(OCH2CH2O)] (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline and bipy = 2,2′-bipyridyl).
- Fox,Gillard
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p. 349 - 352
(2008/10/08)
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- SELECTIVE COUPLING OF DIMETHYL PHTHALATE WITH PALLADIUM CATALYSTS AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE.
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Dimethyl phthalate was dimerized catalytically in the presence of the 1,10-phenanthroline palladium complex and Cu(II) salt, to give exclusively 3,4,3 prime 4 prime -tetramethyl biphenyltetracarboxylate. The presence of Cu(II) salt was required for the catalytic cycle at atmospheric pressure. Presumably, Cu(II) salt plays an important role for the stabilization of the palladium intermediate. On the other hand, the 2,3,3 prime ,4 prime -isomer was mainly formed with the Pd(II)/Cu(II)/2,4-pentanedione system. The coupling reaction of benzene-d//6 was carried out with bis(2,4-pentanedionato)palladium.
- Shiotani,Itatani,Inagaki
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- Carbon-palladium(II) complexes of dialkyl malonates: Synthesis, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and single-crystal structure analyses
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Novel square-planar palladium(II) complexes [PdL(dialkyl malonato)2] having Pd-C(malonato) σ bonds were prepared by the intermolecular exchange of chloro ligands with dialkyl malonate. The bidentate ligand (L) is 2,2′-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline, 2,2-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,3-dioxolane, di-2-pyridylmethane, or 1,2-bis(2-pyridyl)ethane, whereas dialkyl malonate behaves as a unidentate ligand coordinating through the central carbon atom. Treatment of bis metalated complexes with 1,3-dibromopropane under basic conditions did not result in the expected cyclization via C-C bond formation, but rather one of the malonates is replaced by bromide. The 1H and 13C NMR and IR spectra, novel chemistry, and structural aspects of ring size in the organometallics are discussed. Single-crystal X-ray structure analyses were conducted on bis(diethyl malonato-C)[2,2-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,3-dioxolane]palladium(II), PdC27H34N2O10, and bromo(diethyl malonato-C)[2,2-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,3-dioxolane]palladium(II), PdBrC20H23N2O6. Both the crystals are monoclinic and crystallize in space group P21/c. The cell constants for the former are a = 9.837 (2) A?, b = 21.647 (4) A?, c = 14.089 (2) A?, β = 95.45 (1)°, and Z = 4. Bond lengths involving palladium average 2.110 (3) A for Pd-N and 2.095 (4) A? for Pd-C bonds. For the latter compound the cell constants are a = 8.982 (1) A?, b = 14.318 (3) A?, c = 17.368 (4) A?, β = 101.71 (2)°, and Z = 4. Bond lengths in the coordination sphere average 2.086 (4) A? for Pd-N, 2.107 (4) A? for Pd-C, and 2.404 (1) A? for Pd-Br bonds. All the pyridine rings are planar and produce an intramolecular dihedral angle of 72.6° in former and 67.3° in the latter. The palladium coordination is slightly tetrahedrally distorted from square-planar geometry. 0276-7333/84/2303-1549$01.50/0
- Newkome, George R.,Gupta, Vinod K.,Taylor, Hellen C. R.,Fronczek, Frank R.
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p. 1549 - 1554
(2008/10/08)
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- Fast Reactions at Planar Four-co-ordinate Complexes. Part 5. The Solvent Effect on the Leaving Group in the Reactions of Neutral and Cationic Palladium(II) Complexes
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The rate of replacement of the group X by n-propylamine or thiourea in the substrates NO3 (3-NHpd = 3-azapentane-1,5-diamine; X=Cl, Br, I, N3, SCN, or NO2) and the equilibrium constants of some of these reactions have been studied in the solvents methanol, dimethylformamide, and dimethylsulfoxide at 25 deg C.The kinetics of substitution of the first group X, by ethylenediamine, in the substrates in dimethylformamide and in some cases in methanol, at 25 deg C, have also been followed.Both rate and equilibrium constants vary sensibly on going from protic to dipolar aprotic solvents.The lability sequence of the leaving group depends on the nature of the substrates and in all cases is affected to a large extent by the change in the solvent nature.
- Cusumano, Matteo,Giannetto, Antonio,Guglielmo,Giovanni,Ricevuto, Vittorio
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p. 2445 - 2448
(2007/10/02)
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