- Phosphine-catalyzed [4+1] annulation of 1,3-(aza)dienes with maleimides: Highly efficient construction of azaspiro[4.4]nonenes
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Phosphine-catalyzed [4+1] annulation of electron-deficient 1,3-dienes or 1,3-azadienes with maleimides has been successfully developed under very mild conditions, providing a convenient and highly efficient method for constructing 2-azaspiro[4.4]nonenes and 1,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonenes. This reaction represents the first example of [4+1] cyclization between electron-deficient 4π-conjugated systems and non-allylic phosphorus ylides.
- Yang, Mei,Wang, Tianyi,Cao, Shixuan,He, Zhengjie
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Read Online
- Organic reactions in ionic liquids: Ionic liquid-promoted efficient synthesis of N-alkyl and N-arylimides
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In the ionic liquids [Bmim][PF6] or [Bmim][BF4], a series of succinimide, maleimide and phthalimide derivatives were synthesized from corresponding anhydrides with a variety of primary amines in excellent yield.
- Le, Zhang-Gao,Chen, Zhen-Chu,Hu, Yi,Zheng, Qin-Guo
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Read Online
- An efficient protocol for the synthesis of N-Alkyl- and N-Arylimides using the lewis acidic ionic liquid choline chloride-2ZnCl2
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Lewis acidic ionic liquid choline chloride-2ZnCl2 is shown to be for the first time an excellentmedium and efficient catalyst for the synthesis of N-alkyl- and N-arylimides in good yields under mild conditions.
- Xiea, You-Teng,Houb, Rei-Sheu,Wangb, Huey-Min,Kangc, Iou-Jiun,Chena, Ling-Ching
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Read Online
- Thermally Sensitive Protecting Groups for Cysteine, and Manufacture and Use Thereof
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In a preferred embodiment, there is provided a protecting group for protecting the thiol side chain of a cysteine residue, the protecting group comprising a Diels-Alder cycloadduct of a furan and a maleimide, and optionally, a linker interposed between the thiol side chain and the Diels-Alder cycloadduct.
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Paragraph 0086-0088
(2021/02/12)
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- Preparation method of medical intermediate N-benzyl-3-pyrroline
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The invention discloses a preparation method of a medical intermediate N-benzyl-3-pyrroline. The method comprises the following steps: adding a proper amount of benzylamine, maleic anhydride and a reaction medium into a reaction flask, and stirring for reaction to obtain a diamide compound; and dissolving a diamide compound in tetrahydrofuran, dropwise adding a proper amount of 70% red aluminum solution, and reducing the diamide compound to obtain N-benzyl-3-pyrroline; The method is low in raw material cost, simple in process step, high in yield, small in pollution, high in product purity and suitable for industrial production.
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Paragraph 0030; 0042-0043; 0045-0046; 0048-0049
(2021/08/28)
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- Dual organic dyes as a pseudo-redox mediation system to promotion of tandem oxidation /[3+2] cycloaddition reactions under visible light
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An atom- and step-economy protocol has been developed to synthesize some new biologically active pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline alkaloids via redox mediation system under visible light irradiation. A vast variety of double and triple bonds, as dipolarophiles, treated with in situ generated azomethine ylides to prepare corresponding products in good to excellent yields. This metal-free method effectively promoted oxidation/[3 + 2] cycloaddition/oxidative/aromatization domino reaction without further oxidant using dual organic dyes as pseudo-redox mediation system. Besides, for most of the products, product precipitate was readily separated from reaction media. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of dual dyes as a pseudo-redox mediation system.
- Koohgard, Mehdi,Hosseinpour, Zeinab,Hosseini-Sarvari, Mona
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- Oxidative Cleavage of Indoles Mediated by Urea Hydrogen Peroxide or H2O2 in Polar Solvents
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The oxidative cleavage of indoles (Witkop oxidation) involving the use of H2O2 or urea hydrogen peroxide in combination with a polar solvent has been described. Among these solvents, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) stands out as the one affording the corresponding 2-ketoacetanilides generally in higher yields The protocol described has also enabled the oxidation of different pyrroles and furans derivatives. Furthermore, the procedure was implemented in a larger-scale and HFIP was distilled from the reaction mixture and reused (up to 4 cycles) without a significant detriment in the reaction outcome, which remarks its sustainability and applicability. (Figure presented.).
- Llopis, Natalia,Gisbert, Patricia,Baeza, Alejandro
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supporting information
p. 3245 - 3249
(2021/06/08)
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- Regioselective hydroarylation and arylation of maleimides with indazoles: Via a Rh(iii)-catalyzed C-H activation
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Switchable Rh(iii)-catalyzed highly regioselective hydroarylation and oxidative arylation of maleimides with 2-arylindazoles via C-H activation have been demonstrated. The reaction affords 3-(2-(2H-indazol-2-yl)phenyl)succinimide and 3-(2-(2H-indazol-2-yl)phenyl)maleimide derivatives in high yields with wide functional group tolerance. A mechanistic study was performed to depict C-H bond cleavage that might be involved in the turnover limiting step.
- Ghosh, Asim Kumar,Samanta, Sadhanendu,Ghosh, Payel,Neogi, Sukanya,Hajra, Alakananda
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supporting information
p. 3093 - 3097
(2020/05/08)
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- Design, synthesis and biochemical evaluation of novel ethanoanthracenes and related compounds to target burkitt’s lymphoma
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Lymphomas (cancers of the lymphatic system) account for 12% of malignant diseases worldwide. Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) is a rare form of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in which the cancer starts in the immune B-cells. We report the synthesis and preliminary studies on the antiproliferative activity of a library of 9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene based compounds structurally related to the antidepressant drug maprotiline against BL cell lines MUTU-1 and DG- 75. Structural modifications were achieved by Diels-Alder reaction of the core 9-(2- nitrovinyl)anthracene with number of dienophiles including maleic anhydride, maleimides, acrylonitrile and benzyne. The antiproliferative activity of these compounds was evaluated in BL cell lines EBV? MUTU-1 and EBV+ DG-75 (chemoresistant). The most potent compounds 13j, 15, 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d and 19a displayed IC50 values in the range 0.17–0.38 μM against the BL cell line EBV? MUTU-1 and IC50 values in the range 0.45–0.78 μM against the chemoresistant BL cell line EBV+ DG- 75. Compounds 15, 16b and 16c demonstrated potent ROS dependent apoptotic effects on the BL cell lines which were superior to the control drug taxol and showed minimal cytotoxicity to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The results suggest that this class of compounds merits further investigation as antiproliferative agents for BL.
- Byrne, Andrew J.,Bright, Sandra A.,McKeown, James P.,O’brien, John E.,Twamley, Brendan,Fayne, Darren,Williams, D. Clive,Meegan, Mary J.
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- Application of maleimide compound as chitin synthase inhibitor
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The invention discloses an application of a maleimide compound as shown in a formula I. In the formula I, R0 is phenyl, benzyl, phenethyl, phenylpropyl, p-fluorophenyl, p-chlorophenyl, p-bromophenyl,p-methoxyphenyl, p-methylphenyl or p-hydroxyphenyl, R1 is hydrogen, methyl, phenyl or chlorine; and R2 is hydrogen, methyl, phenyl or chlorine. The provided maleimide compound has a good inhibition effect on chitin synthase.
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Paragraph 0024-0031
(2020/07/12)
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel benzylidene-succinimide derivatives as noncytotoxic antiangiogenic inhibitors with anticolorectal cancer activity in vivo
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A novel series of benzylidene-succinimide derivatives were synthesized, characterized and evaluated for their cytotoxicities against HCT116, and SW480 cancer cells and NCM460 normal human cells. Their antiangiogenic capabilities were evaluated using a chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The compound, XCF-37b, was selected as the most potent antiangiogenic inhibitor with noncytotoxicity to evaluate the pharmacological effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that XCF-37b inhibited HT29-cell colon tumor growth in vivo, without showing cytotoxicity against the five other cancer cell lines in vitro. Experiments confirmed that XCF-37b had obvious antiangiogenic activity by HUVEC migration and invasion and rat aortic ring angiogenesis ex vivo. Mechanism studies showed that XCF-37b inhibited the AKT/mTOR and VEGFR2 signaling pathways, as evidenced by decreased expressions of phosphor-AKT (p-AKT), p-mTOR, p-VEGFR2 (Tyr175), p-Src (Tyr416), p-FAK (Tyr925), and p-Erk1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204). Moreover, XCF-37b significantly decreased the protein expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). XCF-37b generally regulated angiogenic inhibition through several regulatory pathways, without significantly interfering with colorectal cancer cell growth.
- Luo, Kaixiu,Bao, Yafeng,Liu, Feifei,Xiao, Chuanfan,Li, Ke,Zhang, Conghai,Huang, Rong,Lin, Jun,Zhang, Jihong,Jin, Yi
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p. 805 - 827
(2019/07/10)
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- 3-aminopyrrolidine hydrochloride synthesis method
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The invention relates to the technical field of organic synthesis, in particular to a 3-aminopyrrolidine hydrochloride synthesis method which includes the steps: performing amination reaction on maleic anhydride and R1NH2, and performing dehydration to obtain N-substituted maleimide as shown in a formula (I); performing addition reaction on the N-substituted maleimide and R2NH2 to obtain N-substituted pyrrolidine-2, 5-diketone as shown in a formula (II); reducing the N-substituted pyrrolidine-2, 5-diketone by reducing agents under nitrogen protection to obtain N-substituted pyrrolidine-3-amineas shown in a formula (III); performing hydrogenation reaction on the N-substituted pyrrolidine-3-amine under the action of catalysts to obtain 3-aminopyrrolidine as shown in a formula (IV); salifying the 3-aminopyrrolidine and hydrochloric acid to obtain 3-aminopyrrolidine hydrochloride as shown in a formula (V). R1 and R2 are independently alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkyl sulfonyl, aryl sulfonyl oralkoxycarbonyl. The synthesis method is simple in process, low in cost, high in yield and less in pollution.
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Paragraph 0054; 0056
(2019/03/08)
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- Investigation of stereoisomeric bisarylethenesulfonic acid esters for discovering potent and selective PTP1B inhibitors
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Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) has been considered as a promising therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity due to its key regulating effects in insulin signaling and leptin receptor pathways. In this work, a series of cis- and trans-pyrrolidine bisarylethenesulfonic acid esters were prepared and their PTP1B inhibitory potency, selectivity and membrane permeability were evaluated. These novel stereoisomeric molecules especially trans-isomers exhibited remarkable inhibitory activity, significant selectivity as well as good membrane permeability (e.g. compound 28a, IC50 = 120, 1940 and 2670 nM against PTP1B, TCPTP and SHP2 respectively, and Papp = 1.74 × 10?6 cm/s). Molecular simulations indicated that trans-pyrrolidine bisarylethenesulfonic acid esters yielded the stronger binding affinity than their cis-isomers by constructing more interactions with non-catalytic sites of PTP1B. Further biological activity studies revealed that compound 28a could enhance insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and insulin-mediated insulin receptor β (IRβ) phosphorylation with no significant cytotoxicity.
- Xie, Fangzhou,Yang, Fengzhi,Liang, Yaoyao,Li, Liang,Xia, Yu,Jiang, Faqin,Liu, Wenlu,Qi, Yunyue,Chowdhury, Sharmin Reza,Xie, Dongsheng,Fu, Lei
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p. 408 - 422
(2019/01/08)
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- Nickel(II) Tetraphenylporphyrin as an Efficient Photocatalyst Featuring Visible Light Promoted Dual Redox Activities
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Nickel(II) tetraphenylporphyrin (NiTPP) is presented as a robust, cost-effective and efficient visible light induced photoredox catalyst. The ground state electrochemical data (CV) and electronic absorption (UV-Vis) spectra reveal the excited state redox potentials for [NiTPP]*/[NiTPP].? and NiTPP].+/[NiTPP]* couples as +1.17 V and ?1.57 V vs SCE respectively. The potential values represent NiTPP as a more potent photocatalyst compare to the well-explored [Ru(bpy)3]2+. The non-precious photocatalyst exhibits excited state redox reactions in dual fashions, i. e., it is capable of undergoing both oxidative as well as reductive quenching pathways. Such versatility of a photocatalyst based on first-row transition metals is very scarce. This unique phenomenon allows one to perform diverse types of redox reactions by employing a single catalyst. Two different sets of chemical reactions have been performed to represent the synthetic utility. The catalyst showed superior efficiency in both carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond-forming reactions. Thus, we believe that NiTPP is a valuable addition to the photocatalyst library and this study will lead to more practical synthetic applications of earth-abundant-metal-based photoredox catalysts. (Figure presented.).
- Mandal, Tanumoy,Das, Sanju,De Sarkar, Suman
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supporting information
p. 3200 - 3209
(2019/05/16)
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- COMPOUNDS
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Provided are novel compounds that inhibit LRRK2 kinase activity, processes for their preparation, compositions containing them and their use in the treatment of or prevention of diseases associated with or characterized by LRRK2 kinase activity, for example Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
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Page/Page column 189
(2018/08/30)
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- 2. 3 - Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid imide derivative and its preparation method and application (by machine translation)
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The invention provides a compound of formula I illustrated compound or isomer thereof or solvates or salts and its preparation method and application, the compounds of the HAUGLAND gram negative bacteria over-expression AcrB has better antibacterial synergistic activity and efflux inhibitory activity. (by machine translation)
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Paragraph 0109-0111
(2019/01/05)
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- Cp?Co(III)-Catalyzed C-H Alkylation with Maleimides Using Weakly Coordinating Carbonyl Directing Groups
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A novel protocol for ortho-C-H alkylation of aromatic and heteroaromatic ketones and esters under Cp?Co(III) catalysis has been developed for the first time. The reaction proceeds through initial cyclometalation via weak chelation-assisted C-H bond activation, followed by coordination of activated alkene, insertion between Co-C, and protodemetalation.
- Mandal, Rajib,Emayavaramban, Balakumar,Sundararaju, Basker
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supporting information
p. 2835 - 2838
(2018/05/29)
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- Preparation and Characterization of a Small Library of Thermally-Labile End-Caps for Variable-Temperature Triggering of Self-Immolative Polymers
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The reaction between furans and maleimides has increasingly become a method of interest as its reversibility makes it a useful tool for applications ranging from self-healing materials, to self-immolative polymers, to hydrogels for cell culture and for the preparation of bone repair. However, most of these applications have relied on simple monosubstituted furans and simple maleimides and have not extensively evaluated the potential thermal variability inherent in the process that is achievable through simple substrate modification. A small library of cycloadducts suitable for the above applications was prepared, and the temperature dependence of the retro-Diels-Alder processes was determined through in situ 1H NMR analyses complemented by computational calculations. The practical range of the reported systems ranges from 40 to >110 °C. The cycloreversion reactions are more complex than would be expected based on simple trends expected based on frontier molecular orbital analyses of the materials.
- Taimoory, S. Maryamdokht,Sadraei, S. Iraj,Fayoumi, Rose Anne,Nasri, Sarah,Revington, Matthew,Trant, John F.
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supporting information
p. 4427 - 4440
(2018/04/26)
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- Alizarin red S-TiO2-catalyzed cascade C(sp3)-H to C(sp2)-H bond formation/cyclization reactions toward tetrahydroquinoline derivatives under visible light irradiation
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A very low amount of organic dye (Alizarin red S) sensitized TiO2 and it was successfully used to catalyze cascade C(sp3)-H to C(sp2)-H bond formation/cyclization reactions under visible light irradiation. The modified TiO2 photocatalyst efficiently, for the first time, advanced [4+2] cyclization of N,N-dimethylanilines and maleimides to the corresponding tetrahydroquinolines in air atmosphere. The reaction proceeds through α-amino radicals without additional oxidant at ambient temperature to afford products in good to excellent yields.
- Hosseini-Sarvari, Mona,Koohgard, Mehdi,Firoozi, Somayeh,Mohajeri, Afshan,Tavakolian, Hosein
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supporting information
p. 6880 - 6888
(2018/05/04)
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- Three-Component Synthesis of Quinolines Based on Radical Cascade Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis
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Synthesis of highly substituted quinolines has been developed based on three-component radical cascade based on visible-light photoredox catalysis. This tandem coupling reaction has been coordinated to proceed with high chemoselectivity based on the differential electronic properties of coupling partners. Subjection of electron-rich β-aminoacrylates with electron-deficient halides and alkenes to the optimized conditions leads to the formation of quinolines in good yields after in situ oxidation of tetrahydroquinolines. Detailed mechanistic studies which reveal an unexpected reaction pathway is described. (Figure presented.).
- Choi, Jun-Ho,Park, Cheol-Min
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supporting information
p. 3553 - 3562
(2018/09/22)
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- Graphene Oxide as a Carbocatalyst for a Diels–Alder Reaction in an Aqueous Medium
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The Diels–Alder (DA) reaction, a [4+2] cycloaddition reaction, is highly important in synthetic organic chemistry and is frequently used in the synthesis of natural products containing six-membered rings. Herein, we report an efficient protocol for the DA reaction between 9-hydroxymethylanthracene and N-substituted maleimides using two-dimensional graphene oxide (GO) as a heterogeneous carbocatalyst in an aqueous medium at room temperature. High yields, a wide substrate scope, low temperature, excellent functional group tolerance, atom economy, and water as a green solvent are noteworthy features of this protocol. The heterogeneous GO catalyst can be easily recovered and used multiple times without any significant loss in catalytic activity.
- Girish, Yarabhally R.,Pandit, Subrata,Pandit, Subhendu,De, Mrinmoy
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supporting information
p. 2393 - 2398
(2017/09/11)
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- INHIBITORS OF IRES-MEDIATED PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
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This disclosure relates to inhibitors of IRES-mediated protein synthesis, compositions comprising therapeutically effective amounts of these compounds, and methods of using those compounds and compositions in treating hyperproliferative disorders, e.g., cancers. This disclosure also relates to compositions comprising inhibitors of IRES-mediated protein synthesis and mTOR inhibitors, and to methods of treating cancer by conjoint administration of inhibitors of IRES-mediated protein synthesis and mTOR inhibitors.
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Page/Page column 38; 39
(2017/12/18)
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- "one-Pot" Aminolysis/Thiol-Maleimide End-Group Functionalization of RAFT Polymers: Identifying and Preventing Michael Addition Side Reactions
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We show that many of the nucleophiles (catalysts, reducing agents, amines, thiols) present during "one-pot" aminolysis/thiol-maleimide end-group functionalization of RAFT polymers can promote side reactions that substantially reduce polymer end-group functionalization efficiencies. The nucleophilic catalyst 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene and the reducing agent tributylphosphine were shown to initiate anionic polymerization of N-methylmaleimide (NMM) in both polar and nonpolar solvents whereas hexylamine-initiated polymerization of NMM occurred only in high-polarity solvents. Furthermore, triethylamine-catalyzed Michael reactions of the representative thiol ethyl 2-mercaptopropionate (E2MP) and NMM in polar solvents resulted in anionic maleimide polymerization when [NMM]0 > [E2MP]0. Base-catalyzed enolate formation on the α-carbon of thiol-maleimide adducts was also shown as an alternative initiation pathway for maleimide polymerization in polar solvents. Ultimately, optimal "one-pot" reaction conditions were identified allowing for up to 99% maleimide end-group functionalization of dithiobenzoate-terminated poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide). Much of the work described herein can also be used to ensure near-quantitative conversion of small molecule thiol-maleimide reactions while preventing previously unforeseen side reactions.
- Abel, Brooks A.,McCormick, Charles L.
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p. 6193 - 6202
(2016/11/09)
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- Photoorganocatalysed and visible light photoredox catalysed trifluoromethylation of olefins and (hetero)aromatics in batch and continuous flow
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Trifluoromethylation of olefins and (hetero)aromatics with sodium triflinate as CF3 source and readily accessible benzophenone derivatives as photosensitisers has been developed in batch and flow. The use of an iridium-based photocatalyst enables the trifluoromethylation to proceed under visible light irradiation.
- Lefebvre, Quentin,Hoffmann, Norbert,Rueping, Magnus
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supporting information
p. 2493 - 2496
(2016/02/18)
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- Potent Nematicidal Activity of Maleimide Derivatives on Meloidogyne incognita
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Different maleimide derivatives were synthesized and assayed for their in vitro activity on the soil inhabiting, plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita, also known as root-knot nematode. The compounds maleimide, N-ethylmaleimide, N-isopropylmaleimide, and N-isobutylmaleimide showed the strongest nematicidal activity on the second stage juveniles of the root-knot nematode with EC50/72h values of 2.6 ± 1.3, 5.1 ± 3.4, 16.2 ± 5.4, and 19.0 ± 9.0 mg/L, respectively. We also determined the nematicidal activity of copper sulfate, finding an EC50 value of 48.6 ± 29.8 mg/L. When maleimide at 1 mg/L was tested in combination with copper sulfate at 50 mg/L, we observed 100% mortality of the nematodes. We performed a GC-MS metabolomics analysis after treating nematodes with maleimide at 8 mg/L for 24 h. This analysis revealed altered fatty acids and diglyceride metabolites such as oleic acid, palmitic acid, and 1-monopalmitin. Our results suggest that maleimide may be used as a new interesting building block for developing new nematicides in combination with copper salts.
- Eloh, Kodjo,Demurtas, Monica,Mura, Manuel Giacomo,Deplano, Alessandro,Onnis, Valentina,Sasanelli, Nicola,Maxia, Andrea,Caboni, Pierluigi
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p. 4876 - 4881
(2016/07/06)
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- Visible light mediated cyclization of tertiary anilines with maleimides using nickel(II) oxide surface-modified titanium dioxide catalyst
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Surface-modified titanium dioxides by highly dispersed NiO particles have an extended absorption in the visible light region and a reduced hole-electron pair recombination than unmodified TiO2. They have now been successfully applied as highly active heterogeneous photocatalysts in the visible light mediated direct cyclization of tertiary anilines with maleimides to give tetrahydroquinoline products in moderate to high yields at ambient temperature. In contrast with unmodified titanium dioxide catalysts that are conventionally used in a stoichiometric amount in combination with UVA light, only a catalytic amount (1 mol %) of the surface-modified TiO2 catalyst is needed along with visible light to efficiently catalyze the reaction. Compared with transition-metal complexes such as Ru(bpy)3Cl2 or Ir(ppy)2(dtbbpy)PF6, advantages of these surface-modified titanium dioxides as photocatalyst include high catalytic activity, low cost, ease of recovering, and being able to be used for at least nine times without significant decay of catalytic activity.
- Tang, Jian,Grampp, Günter,Liu, Yun,Wang, Bing-Xiang,Tao, Fei-Fei,Wang, Li-Jun,Liang, Xue-Zheng,Xiao, Hui-Quan,Shen, Yong-Miao
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supporting information
p. 2724 - 2732
(2015/03/18)
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- 1, 3-Dipolar cycloaddition reactions: Synthesis of 5-benzyl-1-(2',4'- dibromophenyl)-3-(4''-substituted phenyl)-3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H, 5H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazole-4,6-dione derivatives
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1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines 3 with N-benzyl maleimide 4 has provided 5-benzyl-1-(2',4'-dibromophenyl)-3-(4''-substituted phenyl)-3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H,5H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazole-4,6-dione derivatives 5 in excellent yield as the only isomer through a concerted pathway. Indian Academy of Sciences.
- Kaur, Manpreet,Singh, Baldev,Singh, Baljit
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p. 1529 - 1534
(2014/04/03)
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- An unexpected formation of the novel 7-oxa-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene skeleton during the reaction of furfurylamine with maleimides and their bioprospection using a zebrafish embryo model
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An unexpected intramolecular cyclization during the reaction of furfurylamine with maleimides is reported as a novel strategy for the efficient green synthesis of the 7-oxa-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene skeleton. Under the same reaction conditions, 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-enes were synthesized when furfurylamine was N-protected by the acetyl group. Both types of bicycloheptenes were screened using the zebrafish model system for genetics and developmental biology. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013.
- Puerto Galvis, Carlos E.,Kouznetsov, Vladimir V.
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supporting information
p. 407 - 411
(2013/02/25)
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- Iridium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of α-alkylidene succinimides
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Not to be out PhOXed! The title reaction provides a new approach to chiral succinimide derivatives with excellent yields and ee values by using a low catalyst loading (0.05 mol %) and mild reaction conditions. Chiral 3-benzyl pyrrolidines and 1-hydroxypyrrolidine-2,5-diones, important structural motifs in natural products and pharmaceuticals, could be readily prepared. BARF -=tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate. Copyright
- Liu, Yuanyuan,Zhang, Wanbin
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supporting information
p. 2203 - 2206
(2013/03/28)
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- Thermal reactions of malic acid benzylamine salts
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Malic acid, a component present in fruit, is known to be an important precursor for the prebiotic formation of polyaspartic acid. Malic acid is a dicarboxylic acid, possessing one hydroxyl group. It yields many types of crystalline salts with amino compounds. Although the thermal reactions of the amino salts have been reported, their dehydration reaction pathway has not been studied. This paper describes the dehydration process using thermal gravimetry and differential thermal analysis. The results show that the malic acid monobenzylamine and the dibenzylamine salts release water molecules during an endothermic reaction to afford malic acid benzylimide and malic acid dibenzylamide, respectively. The latter compound is stable up to 230 °C.
- Munegumi,Tochino,Harada
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p. 7451 - 7456
(2013/08/23)
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- A concise synthesis of 3-(1-alkenyl)isoindolin-1-ones and 5-(1-alkenyl)pyrrol-2-ones by the intermolecular coupling reactions of N-acyliminium ions with unactivated olefins
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A concise synthesis of 3-(1-alkenyl)isoindolin-1-ones and 5-(1-alkenyl)pyrrol-2-ones has been achieved by the coupling reactions of N-acyliminium ions produced from 3-hydroxyisoindol-1-ones or 5-hydroxy-1-pyrrol-2-ones with unactivated olefins in the presence of BF 3·OEt2 at room temperature. For most of the olefins,the reactions afforded the Csp3-Csp2 cross-coupling products,but for the α-methylstyrene and 1-hexene,the Csp3-Csp3 cross-coupling products were obtained.
- Lu, Nianhong,Wang, Lihong,Li, Zhanshan,Zhang, Wei
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 192 - 200
(2012/04/10)
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- Chemical reactivity and antimicrobial activity of N-substituted maleimides
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Several N-substituted maleimides containing substituents of varying bulkiness and polarity were synthesised and tested for antimicrobial and cytostatic activity. Neutral maleimides displayed relatively strong antifungal effect minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs in the 0.54 g ml-1 range); their antibacterial activity was structure dependent and all were highly cytostatic, with IC50 values below 0.1 g ml-1. Low antimicrobial but high cytostatic activity was noted for basic maleimides containing tertiary aminoalkyl substituents. Chemical reactivity and lipophilicity influenced antibacterial activity of neutral maleimides but had little if any effect on their antifungal and cytostatic action. N-substituted maleimides affected biosynthesis of chitin and β(1,3)glucan, components of the fungal cell wall. The membrane enzyme, β(1,3)glucan synthase has been proposed as a putative primary target of N-ethylmaleimide and some of its analogues in Candida albicans cells.
- Salewska, Natalia,Boros-Majewska, Joanna,Lcka, Izabela,Chylinska, Katarzyna,Sabisz, Michal,Milewski, Slawomir,Milewska, Maria J.
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experimental part
p. 117 - 124
(2012/04/18)
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- Antifungal, cytotoxic and SAR studies of a series of N-alkyl, N-aryl and N-alkylphenyl-1,4-pyrrolediones and related compounds
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The synthesis, in vitro evaluation and SAR studies of 67 maleimides and derivatives acting as antifungal agents are reported. A detailed SAR study supported by theoretical calculations led us to determine that: an intact maleimido ring appears to be necessary for a strong antifungal activity, dissimilarly affected by the substituents in positions 2 and 3. The best activities were shown by 2,3-nonsubstituted followed by 2,3 dichloro- and 2-methyl-substituted maleimides. They all were fungicide rather than fungistatic enhancing the importance of their antifungal activity. 2,3-Dimethyl and 2,3-diphenyl-maleimides possessed marginal or null activity. The presence of a flexible connecting chain in N-phenylalkyl maleimides appears not to be essential for antifungal activity, although its length shows a correlation with the antifungal behavior, displaying maleimides with alkyl chains of n = 3 and n = 4 the best antifungal activities in most fungi. Different substituents on the benzene ring did not have a clear influence on the activity. Values of chemical potential properties as well as of energy do not sufficiently discriminate between active and inactive compounds. Nevertheless, it was found that, although log P alone is not strong enough to properly predict the antifungal activity, the comparison of its values for compounds within the same sub-type, showed an enhancement of antifungal activity along with an increment of lipophilicity. In addition, the LUMO's electronic clouds of the highly active compounds showed to be concentrated on the imido ring, indicating that their carbon atoms are potential sites for nucleophilic attack. Same results were obtained from MEPs. Most of the active compounds did not show cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines and no one possessed hemolytic activity, indicating that their activity is selective to pathogenic fungi and that they are not toxic at MIC concentrations.
- Sortino,Garibotto,Cechinel Filho,Gupta,Enriz,Zacchino
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experimental part
p. 2823 - 2834
(2011/06/21)
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- A methodology for simultaneous fluorogenic derivatization and boronate affinity enrichment of 3-nitrotyrosine-containing peptides
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We synthesized and characterized a new tagging reagent, (3R,4S)-1-(4-(aminomethyl)phenylsulfonyl)pyrrolidine-3,4-diol (APPD), for the selective fluorogenic derivatization of 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) residues in peptides (after reduction to 3-aminotyrosine) and affinity enrichment. The synthetic 3-NT-containing peptide, FSAY(3-NO2)LER, was employed as a model for method validation. Furthermore, this derivatization protocol was successfully tested for analysis of 3-NT-containing proteins exposed to peroxynitrite in the total protein lysate of cultured C2C12 cells. The quantitation of 3-NT content in samples was achieved through either fluorescence spectrometry or boronate affinity chromatography with detection by specific fluorescence (excitation and emission wavelengths of 360 and 510 nm, respectively); the respective limits of detection were 95 and 68 nM (19 and 13 pmol total amount) of 3-NT. Importantly, the derivatized peptides show a strong retention on a synthetic boronate affinity column, containing sulfonamide-phenylboronic acid, under mild chromatographic conditions, affording a route to separate the derivatized peptides from large amounts (milligrams) of nonderivatized peptides and to enrich them for fluorescent detection and mass spectrometry (MS) identification. Tandem MS analysis identified chemical structures of peptide 3-NT fluorescent derivatives and revealed that the fluorescent derivatives undergo efficient backbone fragmentations, permitting sequence-specific identification of protein nitration at low concentrations of 3-NT in complex protein mixtures. Copyright
- Dremina, Elena S.,Li, Xiaobao,Galeva, Nadezhda A.,Sharov, Victor S.,Stobaugh, John F.,Schoeneich, Christian
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experimental part
p. 184 - 196
(2012/05/19)
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- Development of tricyclic hydroxy-1H-pyrrolopyridine-trione containing HIV-1 integrase inhibitors
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New tricyclic HIV-1 integrase (IN) inhibitors were prepared that combined structural features of bicyclic pyrimidinones with recently disclosed 4,5-dihydroxy-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-diones. This combination resulted in the introduction of a nitrogen into the aryl ring and the addition of a fused third ring to our previously described inhibitors. The resulting analogues showed low micromolar inhibitory potency in in vitro HIV-1 integrase assays, with good selectivity for strand transfer relative to 3′-processing.
- Zhao, Xue Zhi,Maddali, Kasthuraiah,Metifiot, Mathieu,Smith, Steven J.,Christie Vu,Marchand, Christophe,Hughes, Stephen H.,Pommier, Yves,Burke Jr., Terrence R.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 2986 - 2990
(2011/06/26)
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- First total synthesis of 5-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-propylsulfanyl-5 h -furan-2-one: A cancer chemopreventive agent
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The first total synthesis of 5-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-propylsulfanyl-5H-furan- 2-one, a newly discovered natural product with anticancer property is described by two different routes. A sequence involving an incorporation of a methyl group via a Gilman reagent and a chemoselective reduction of a cyclic anhydride functionality are the key steps. The methods proposed start from easily available starting materials and allow ready preparation of the final compound in good overall yield. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York.
- Borikar, Sanjay P.,Paul, Vincent,Puranik, Vedavati G.,Sathe, Vilas T.,Lagunas-Rivera, Selene,Ordonez, Mario
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experimental part
p. 1595 - 1598
(2011/06/24)
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- Manganese catalyzed cis-dihydroxylation of electron deficient alkenes with H2O2
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A practical method for the multigram scale selective cis-dihydroxylation of electron deficient alkenes such as diethyl fumarate and N-alkyl and N-aryl-maleimides using H2O2 is described. High turnovers (>1000) can be achieved with this efficient manganese based catalyst system, prepared in situ from a manganese salt, pyridine-2-carboxylic acid, a ketone and a base, under ambient conditions. Under optimized conditions, for diethyl fumarate at least 1000 turnovers could be achieved with only 1.5 equiv. of H2O2 with d/l-diethyl tartrate (cis-diol product) as the sole product. For electron rich alkenes, such as cis-cyclooctene, this catalyst provides for efficient epoxidation.
- Saisaha, Pattama,Pijper, Dirk,Van Summeren, Ruben P.,Hoen, Rob,Smit, Christian,De Boer, Johannes W.,Hage, Ronald,Alsters, Paul L.,Feringa, Ben L.,Browne, Wesley R.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 4444 - 4450
(2010/11/05)
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- Discovery and structural optimization of pyrazole derivatives as novel inhibitors of Cdc25B
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Structural optimization and preliminary structure-activity relationship studies of a series of N-substituted maleimide fused-pyrazole analogues with Cdc25B inhibitory activity, starting from a high-throughput screening hit, are illustrated. A simplified 3,5-diacyl pyrazole analogue was obtained as the most potent compound (118, IC50 = 0.12 μM) with a 270-fold increase in potency.
- Chen, Hai-Jun,Liu, Yong,Wang, Li-Na,Shen, Qiang,Li, Jia,Nan, Fa-Jun
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scheme or table
p. 2876 - 2879
(2010/07/04)
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- A facile synthesis of N-substituted maleimides
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A simple and efficient method for the synthesis of N-substituted maleimides from the corresponding maleamic acids under the phase transfer catalysis has been described.
- Deshpande, Sunita R.,Maybhate, Shailaja P.,Likhite, Anjali P.,Chaudhary, Preeti M.
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scheme or table
p. 487 - 488
(2010/10/18)
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- Synthesis of an amino moiety in trovafloxacin by using an in-expensive amidine base, N, N-diethylacetamidine
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The simple and in-expensive amidine base, N.N-diethylacetamidine, has been prepared and utilized in the construction of bicyclic hetero compound, 4 and employed for further reduction of amidic carbonyl groups of 4 by using NaBH 4I2-THF condition which is an efficient and commercially viable method to prepare 5 towards the synthesis of amino moiety I, in Trovafloxacin 2 an antibacterial agent.
- Madhusudhan,Balraju,Rajesh,Narayana, B. Venkata,Reddy
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experimental part
p. 569 - 573
(2009/12/06)
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- Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of N-substituted maleimide derivatives as selective monoglyceride lipase inhibitors
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The endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) plays a major role in many physiological processes, and its action is quickly terminated via enzymatic hydrolysis catalyzed by monoglyceride lipase (MGL). Regulating its endogenous level could offer therapeutic opportunities; however, few selective MGL inhibitors have been described so far. Here, we describe the synthesis of N-substituted maleimides and their pharmacological evaluation on the recombinant human fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and on the purified human MGL. A few N-arylmaleimides were previously described (Saario, S. M.; Salo, O. M.; Nevalainen, T.; Poso, A.; Laitinen, J. T.; Jarvinen, T.; Niemi, R. Characterization of the Sulfhydryl-Sensitive Site in the Enzyme Responsible for Hydrolysis of 2-Arachidonoylglycerol in Rat Cerebellar Membranes. Chem. Biol. 2005, 12, 649-656) as MGL inhibitors, and along these lines, we present a new set of maleimide derivatives that showed low micromolar IC50 and high selectivity toward MGL vs FAAH. Then, structure-activity relationships have been investigated and, for instance, 1-biphenyl-4-ylmethylmaleimide inhibits MGL with an IC50 value of 790 nM. Furthermore, rapid dilution experiments reveal that these compounds act as irreversible inhibitors. In conclusion, N-substituted maleimides constitute a promising class of potent and selective MGL inhibitors.
- Matuszak, Nicolas,Muccioli, Giulio G.,Labar, Geoffray,Lambert, Didier M.
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experimental part
p. 7410 - 7420
(2010/04/30)
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- A flexible approach to methyl (5S)-5-alkyltetramate derivatives
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Regioselective Grignard reagent additions to 3-methoxymaleimides and subsequent diastereoselective reductive dehydroxylation of the resulting N,O-acetals were studied. On the basis of these studies, a flexible and highly regio- and diastereoselective approach to methyl 5-alkyltetramate derivatives was disclosed. The method is the first direct and flexible asymmetric cationic synthon-based approach, and allows for the synthesis of various methyl (5S)-5-alkyltetramate derivatives that are otherwise inaccessible by the commonly used methods based on α-amino acids. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
- Jiang, Li-Jiao,Lan, Hong-Qiao,Zheng, Jian-Feng,Ye, Jian-Liang,Huang, Pei-Qiang
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scheme or table
p. 297 - 301
(2009/06/25)
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- Access to indoles via Diels-Alder reactions of 2-vinylpyrroles with maleimides
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(Chemical Equation Presented) Variously substituted 2-vinylpyrroles underwent an endo-addition [4+2] cycloaddition reaction with maleimides followed by a spontaneous highly diastereoselective (93-98% de) isomerization to give tetrahydroindoles in moderate to excellent yield. Treatment with activated MnO2 in refluxing toluene provided the corresponding indoles in moderate to good yield. This highly convergent methodology for formation of indoles is versatile and the starting materials are conveniently prepared.
- Noland, Wayland E.,Lanzatella, Nicholas P.,Venkatraman, Lakshmanan,Anderson, Nicholas F.,Gullickson, Glen C.
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experimental part
p. 1154 - 1176
(2010/03/04)
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- N-Phenyl and N-phenylalkyl-maleimides acting against Candida spp.: Time-to-kill, stability, interaction with maleamic acids
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N-Phenyl and N-phenylalkyl maleimides (alkyl chain = (CH2)n; n = 0-4) and their respective open derivatives (maleamic acids) were evaluated against Candida spp. with the microbroth dilution method following the guidelines of CLSI (formely NCCLS). MIC values of maleimides without pre-incubation and submitted to different pre-incubation times into the growth media, time-to-kill studies as well as a time-dependent UV-spectroscopy study of the maleimides in water, led to determine that maleimides display antifungal activities with their intact maleimide ring, being in addition their activities not dependent on the length of the alkyl chain. They are not only fungistatic but fungicidal with very low MICs and MFCs, displaying strong fungicide activities not only against standardized but also clinical isolates of Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida spp.
- Sortino, Maximiliano,Cechinel Filho, Valdir,Correa, Rogerio,Zacchino, Susana
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p. 560 - 568
(2008/09/18)
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- Chemoenzymatic total synthesis and determination of the absolute configuration of (S)-nebracetam
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We have developed an asymmetric total synthesis of nebracetam 3 by a chemoenzymatic strategy. Diastereoselective Michael addition of nitromethane to the chiral lactam (S)-9d (>99% ee), which was prepared by lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution, afforded the Michael product 10d in 99% yield with 86% de. Chemical transformations of 10d including recrystallization furnished the chiral nebracetam 3 and its derivative. The absolute configuration of the chiral (-)-nebracetam was determined to be an (S)-configuration.
- Yamashita, Sho,Mase, Nobuyuki,Takabe, Kunihiko
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scheme or table
p. 2115 - 2118
(2009/04/11)
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- METHODS FOR THE PREPARATION OF IMIDES, MALEIMIDES AND MALEIMIDE-TERMINATED POLYIMIDE COMPOUNDS
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Provided herein are methods for preparing maleimides, polyimides and maleimide-terminated polyimides. Specifically disclosed are methods for preparing maleimides from N-substituted maleamic acids in the presence of an alcohol catalyst and an acid co-catalyst in a solvent. Also disclosed are methods for preparing polyimides by reacting a diamine with a dianhydride in a reaction medium that includes a solvent and a polar protic co-solvent. Further provided are methods for preparing maleimide-terminated polyimides from diamines in an aromatic solvent containing a polar protic co-solvent.
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Page/Page column 19-20
(2008/12/07)
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- Synthesis of a homotrifunctional conjugation reagent based on maleimide chemistry
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A novel homotrifunctional conjugation reagent, 1,3,5-tris-(N- maleimidomethyl)benzene has been synthesized in high yield with minimum purification. The reactivity of this compound was examined by using l-cysteine as a nucleophile.
- Farha, Omar K.,Julius, Richard L.,Hawthorne, M. Frederick
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p. 2619 - 2622
(2007/10/03)
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- In vitro antifungal properties, structure-activity relationships and studies on the mode of action of N-phenyl, N-aryl, N-phenylalkyl maleimides and related compounds
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The synthesis, in vitro antifungal evaluation and structure-activity relationship studies of 14 compounds of the N-phenyl-, N-aryl-, N-phenylalkyl- maleimide and 3,4-dichloromaleimide series are reported. The compounds were evaluated against a panel of standardized yeasts and filamentous fungi as well as clinical isolates of Candida albicans. The activities of N-phenylalkyl-3,4- dichloromaleimide derivatives but not those of N-phenylalkyl-maleimide derivatives showed to be dependent on the length of the alkyl chain. N-Phenylpropyl-3,4-dichloromaleimide showed the broadest spectrum of action and lower minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) in all of the fungi tested. The nitrogen-carbon distance between the two rings seems to play an important role in the antifungal behavior of these compounds. The most active structure showed inhibited (1,3)β-D-glucan and chitin synthases, enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of the major fungal cell-wall polymers. ECV · Editio Cantor Verlag, Aulendorf (Germany).
- Lopez, Silvia N.,Castelli, Maria V.,De Campos, Fatima,Correa, Rogerio,Cechinel Filho, Valdir,Yunes, Rosendo A.,Zamora, Miguel A.,Enriz, Ricardo D.,Ribas, Juan C.,Furlan, Ricardo L. E.,Zacchino, Susana A.
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p. 123 - 132
(2007/10/03)
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- 'Huisgen reaction' of aldonitrones with N-benzyl maleimide leading to synthesis of 2, 3-diaryl-5-benzyl-2H-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-d] isoxazole-4, 6-diones
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1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition reaction of variously substituted aldonitrones with N-benzyl maleimide leads to the synthesis of substituted 2, 3-diaryl-5-benzyl-2H-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydropyrrolo[3, 4-d] isoxazole-4, 6-diones in good yield. Structures and stereochemistry of the products have been determined by detailed spectral studies.
- Kaur, Jaspreet,Singh, Baldev,Singal, Kewal Krishan
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p. 1476 - 1480
(2007/10/03)
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