- Ni-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Coupling of Aryl Triflates with Thiocarbonates via C-O/C-O Bond Cleavage
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A nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling of aryl triflates with thiocarbonates is reported here. Both electron-rich and -deficient aryl C(sp2)-O electrophiles as well as a class of O-tBu S-alkyl thiocarbonates are compatible with the optimized reaction conditions, as evidenced by 49 examples. The reaction also proceeds with good chemoselective cleavage of the C-O bond with regard to thioesters. This work broadens the scope of nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-electrophile coupling reactions.
- Zhu, Zhaodong,Gong, Yuxin,Tong, Weiqi,Xue, Weichao,Gong, Hegui
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supporting information
p. 2158 - 2163
(2021/04/05)
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- Dynamic Kinetic Cross-Electrophile Arylation of Benzyl Alcohols by Nickel Catalysis
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Catalytic transformation of alcohols via metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions is very important, but it typically relies on a multistep procedure. We here report a dynamic kinetic cross-coupling approach for the direct functionalization of alcohols. The feasibility of this strategy is demonstrated by a nickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile arylation reaction of benzyl alcohols with (hetero)aryl electrophiles. The reaction proceeds with a broad substrate scope of both coupling partners. The electron-rich, electron-poor, and ortho-/meta-/para-substituted (hetero)aryl electrophiles (e.g., Ar-OTf, Ar-I, Ar-Br, and inert Ar-Cl) all coupled well. Most of the functionalities, including aldehyde, ketone, amide, ester, nitrile, sulfone, furan, thiophene, benzothiophene, pyridine, quinolone, Ar-SiMe3, Ar-Bpin, and Ar-SnBu3, were tolerated. The dynamic nature of this method enables the direct arylation of benzylic alcohol in the presence of various nucleophilic groups, including nonactivated primary/secondary/tertiary alcohols, phenols, and free indoles. It thus offers a robust alternative to existing methods for the precise construction of diarylmethanes. The synthetic utility of the method was demonstrated by a concise synthesis of biologically active molecules and by its application to peptide modification and conjugation. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that the reaction of in situ formed benzyl oxalates with nickel, possibly via a radical process, is an initial step in the reaction with aryl electrophiles.
- Guo, Peng,Wang, Ke,Jin, Wen-Jie,Xie, Hao,Qi, Liangliang,Liu, Xue-Yuan,Shu, Xing-Zhong
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supporting information
p. 513 - 523
(2021/01/12)
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- Palladium-Catalyzed Chlorocarbonylation of Aryl (Pseudo)Halides Through In Situ Generation of Carbon Monoxide
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An efficient palladium-catalyzed chlorocarbonylation of aryl (pseudo)halides that gives access to a wide range of carboxylic acid derivatives has been developed. The use of butyryl chloride as a combined CO and Cl source eludes the need for toxic, gaseous carbon monoxide, thus facilitating the synthesis of high-value products from readily available aryl (pseudo)halides. The combination of palladium(0), Xantphos, and an amine base is essential to promote this broadly applicable catalytic reaction. Overall, this reaction provides access to a great variety of carbonyl-containing products through in situ transformation of the generated aroyl chloride. Combined experimental and computational studies support a reaction mechanism involving in situ generation of CO.
- Bismuto, Alessandro,Boehm, Philip,Morandi, Bill,Roediger, Sven
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supporting information
p. 17887 - 17896
(2020/08/19)
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- Intramolecular Aryl Migration of Diaryliodonium Salts: Access to ortho-Iodo Diaryl Ethers
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By using vicinal trifluoromethanesulfonate-substituted diaryliodonium salts, a novel approach was developed for the synthesis of ortho-iodo diaryl ethers by intramolecular aryl migration. The reaction conditions are mild with a broad substrate scope. Mechanistic insight suggests a sulfonyl-directed nucleophilic aromatic substitution pathway. Additionally, the product ortho-iodo diaryl ethers serve as versatile synthons as demonstrated with several coupling reactions. Furthermore, a useful thyroxine analogue of the 3-iodo-l-thyronine (3-T1) derivative was synthesized by this aryl migration procedure.
- Chen, Huangguan,Han, Jianwei,Wang, Limin
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supporting information
p. 12313 - 12317
(2018/09/10)
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- Electrochemically Enabled, Nickel-Catalyzed Amination
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Along with amide bond formation, Suzuki cross-coupling, and reductive amination, the Buchwald–Hartwig–Ullmann-type amination of aryl halides stands as one of the most employed reactions in modern medicinal chemistry. The work herein demonstrates the potential of utilizing electrochemistry to provide a complementary avenue to access such critical bonds using an inexpensive nickel catalyst under mild reaction conditions. Of note is the scalability, functional-group tolerance, rapid rate, and the ability to employ a variety of aryl donors (Ar?Cl, Ar?Br, Ar?I, Ar?OTf), amine types (primary and secondary), and even alternative X?H donors (alcohols and amides).
- Li, Chao,Kawamata, Yu,Nakamura, Hugh,Vantourout, Julien C.,Liu, Zhiqing,Hou, Qinglong,Bao, Denghui,Starr, Jeremy T.,Chen, Jinshan,Yan, Ming,Baran, Phil S.
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supporting information
p. 13088 - 13093
(2017/09/25)
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- Nickel-Catalyzed Cyanation of Aryl Chlorides and Triflates Using Butyronitrile: Merging Retro-hydrocyanation with Cross-Coupling
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We describe a nickel-catalyzed cyanation reaction of aryl (pseudo)halides that employs butyronitrile as a cyanating reagent instead of highly toxic cyanide salts. A dual catalytic cycle merging retro-hydrocyanation and cross-coupling enables the conversion of a broad array of aryl chlorides and aryl/vinyl triflates into their corresponding nitriles. This new reaction provides a strategically distinct approach to the safe preparation of aryl cyanides, which are essential compounds in agrochemistry and medicinal chemistry.
- Yu, Peng,Morandi, Bill
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supporting information
p. 15693 - 15697
(2017/12/02)
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- Pd-catalyzed synthesis of aryl and heteroaryl triflones from reactions of sodium triflinate with aryl (heteroaryl) triflates
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A novel method for Pd-catalyzed triflination of aryl and heteroaryl triflates using NaSO2CF3 as the nucleophile is described. The combination of Pd2(dba)3 and RockPhos formed the most effective catalyst. A broad range of functional groups and heteroaromatic compounds were tolerated under the neutral reaction conditions. The order of reactivity ArOTf ≥ ArCl ≥ ArBr is consistent with transmetalation being a slow step of the reaction.
- Smyth, Lynette A.,Phillips, Eric M.,Chan, Vincent S.,Napolitano, José G.,Henry, Rodger,Shekhar, Shashank
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p. 1285 - 1294
(2016/02/19)
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- Achieving vinylic selectivity in Mizoroki-heck reaction of cyclic olefins
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In Heck reactions of cyclic olefins, the products usually have aryl groups that end up at the allylic and/or homoallylic position. We herein report new selectivity that adds aryl groups to the vinylic position. Cyclic olefins of various ring size worked well. The desired isomers were produced by palladium-hydride-catalyzed isomerization of the initial products. Thus, a specific catalyst must be used so that it can perform two jobs under one set of reaction conditions. Copyright
- Wu, Xiaojin,Lu, Yunpeng,Hirao, Hajime,Zhou, Jianrong
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supporting information
p. 6014 - 6020
(2013/06/26)
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- Cesium carbonate mediated aryl triflate esters' deprotection
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A variety of diversely substituted aryl triflate esters were efficiently deprotected to the parent phenols by exposure to cesium carbonate in toluene. This procedure proved highly compatible with existing functional groups.
- Green, Alice E.,Agouridas, Vangelis,Deniau, Eric
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supporting information
p. 7078 - 7079
(2013/12/04)
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- Alpha-helical mimetics
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Benzoyl urea derivatives that are alpha helical peptides mimetics that mimic BH3-only proteins, compositions containing them, their conjugation to cell-targeting-moieties, and their use in the regulation of cell death are disclosed. The benzoyl urea derivatives are capable of binding to and neutralizing pro-survival Bcl-2 proteins. Use of benzoyl urea derivatives in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of diseases or conditions associated with deregulation of cell death are also described.
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Page/Page column 92
(2011/05/18)
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- Mechanistic study of a Pd/C-catalyzed reduction of aryl sulfonates using the Mg-MeOH-NH4OAc system
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A method for the deoxygenation of phenolic hydroxy groups via aryl triflates or mesylates has been established by using a combination of Pd/ C-Mg-MeOH. The addition of NH4OAc to the system markedly accelerated the reaction rate and expanded the scope of the reaction. Mechanistic studies suggested that a single-electron transfer process from the Pd0 center to the benzene ring is involved in the reduction of aryl sulfonates and that NH4OAc works as a solubilization re agent of the Mg salt and as an accelerator of the electron transfer, thus enhancing the reaction process. Our method was also applicable to the regioselective deuteration of benzene derivatives with CH3OD as the solvent and deuterium source: the original hydroxy group could be efficiently replaced with a deuterium atom.
- Mori, Akinori,Mizusaki, Tomoteru,Ikawa, Takashi,Maegawa, Tomohiro,Monguchi, Yasunari,Sajiki, Hironao
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p. 1432 - 1441
(2008/02/04)
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- Heterogeneous Pd/C-catalyzed ligand-free, room-temperature suzuki-miyaura coupling reactions in aqueous media
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A mild and efficient ligand-free Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction catalyzed by heterogeneous Pd/C was developed. Aryl bromides and triflates undergo the cross-coupling with aryl boronic acids in excellent yields without the presence of any additives in aqueous media at room temperature. Aryl vinyl boronic acids are also applicable to this coupling reaction and provide the trans-stilbene derivatives in high yields. The application of wet-type Pd/C to the coupling reaction was achieved without any loss of activity under aerobic conditions, and the reuse of Pd/C is feasible for a fifth run without significant loss of activity. Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass-spectrometric analysis of the filtrate from the reaction mixture of 4-bromonitrobenzene with phenylboronic acid demonstrated that the palladium metal hardly leached into the solution within the limits of the detector ( 1 ppm), thus suggesting that the present Suzuki-Miyaura reaction proceeded by heterogeneous catalysis.
- Maegawa, Tomohiro,Kitamura, Yoshiaki,Sako, Satoko,Udzu, Takahiro,Sakurai, Ai,Tanaka, Asami,Kobayashi, Yusuke,Endo, Koichi,Bora, Utpal,Kurita, Takanori,Kozaki, Atsushi,Monguchi, Yasunari,Sajiki, Hironao
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p. 5937 - 5943
(2008/02/13)
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- 3,4,5-Trisubstituted isoxazoles as novel PPARδ agonists. Part 2
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A series of PPARδ-selective agonists was investigated and optimized for a favorable in vivo pharmacokinetic profile. Isoxazole LCI765 (17d) was found to be a potent and selective PPARδ agonist with good in vivo PK properties in mouse (Cmax = 5.1 μM, t1/2 = 3.1 h). LCI765 regulated expression of genes involved in energy homeostasis in relevant tissues when dosed orally in C57BL6 mice. A co-crystal structure of compound LCI765 and the LBD of PPARδ is discussed.
- Epple, Robert,Azimioara, Mihai,Russo, Ross,Xie, Yongping,Wang, Xing,Cow, Christopher,Wityak, John,Karanewsky, Don,Bursulaya, Badry,Kreusch, Andreas,Tuntland, Tove,Gerken, Andrea,Iskandar, Maya,Saez, Enrique,Martin Seidel,Tian, Shin-Shay
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p. 5488 - 5492
(2007/10/03)
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- ALPHA-HELICAL MIMETICS
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Benzoyl urea derivatives that are alpha helical peptide mimetics that mimic BH3-only proteins, compositions containing them, their conjugation to cell-targeting moieties, and their use in the regulation of cell death are disclosed. The benzoyl urea derivatives are capable of binding to and neutralising pro-survival Bcl-2 proteins. Use of the benzoyl urea derivatives in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of diseases or conditions associated with deregulation of cell death are also disclosed.
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Page/Page column 187
(2010/02/15)
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- NOVEL ETHYLENEDIAMINE DERIVATIVES
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A compound represented by the following formula (1):Q-Q-T-N(R)-Q-N(R)-T-Q [wherein, R1 and R2 are hydrogen atoms or the like; Q1 is a saturated or unsaturated, 5- or 6- membered cyclic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, or the like; Q2 is a single bond or the like; Q3 represents the following group: -C(R3a)(R4a)-{C(R3b)(R4b)}m1-{C(R3c)(R4c)}m2-{C(R3d)(R4d)}m3-{C(R3e)(R4e)}m4-C(R3f)(R4f)- (in which, R3a to R4e represent hydrogen or the like); T0 represents a carbonyl group or the like; and T1 represents -COCONR- or the like]; or salt thereof, solvate thereof, or N-oxide thereof. The compound is useful as a preventive and/or therapeutic agent for cerebral infarction, cerebral embolism, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, pulmonary infarction, pulmonary embolism, Buerger's disease, deep venous thrombosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome, thrombus formation after valve or joint replacement, thrombus formation and reocclusion after angioplasty, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), thrombus formation during extracorporeal circulation, or blood clotting upon blood drawing.
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Page/Page column 123
(2010/02/14)
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- Preparation and Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Aryl Triethylammonium Bis(catechol) Silicates with Aryl Triflates
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Pentavalent aryl and heteroaryl bis(catechol) silicates undergo palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling with aryl and heteroaryl triflates in the presence of a fluoride source in excellent yields. These solid, air-stable bis(catechol) silicates are prepared from a high-yielding displacement reaction between catechol and an aryl siloxane in the presence of an amine base. The cross-coupling reaction is tolerant of a wide range of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups. Several examples of di-ortho-substituted triflates are successfully coupled with these reagents.
- Seganish, W. Michael,DeShong, Philip
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p. 1137 - 1143
(2007/10/03)
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- Sulfonyl derivatives
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Sulfonyl derivatives represented by general formula (I), salts of the same, and solvates of both: and application of them as drugs: [wherein R1is hydrogen, hydroxyl, nitro or the like; R2and R3are each independently hydrogen, halogeno or the like; R4and R5are each dependently hydrogen, halogeno or the like; Q1is an optionally substituted saturated or unsaturated 5- or 6-membered cyclic hydrocarbon group or the like; Q2is a single bond, oxygen or the like; Q3is, e.g., a group represented by formula (a): T1is carbonyl or the like; and X1and X2are each independently methylidyne or nitrogen]. These compounds exhibit potent Fxa inhibiting activities and serve as excellent anticoagulants which speedily exert satisfactory and persistent anti-thrombotic effects through oral administration and little cause adverse effects.
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- Palladium-catalyzed phosphination of functionalized aryl triflates
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Catalytic user-friendly approach to the syntheses of various functionalized aromatic phosphines from their corresponding substituted aryl triflates and triarylphosphines was accomplished. This method is carried out in neutral media and compatible with man
- Kwong, Fuk Yee,Lai, Chi Wai,Yu, Michael,Tian, Yuan,Chan, Kin Shing
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p. 10295 - 10305
(2007/10/03)
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- Hypervalent silane and siloxane derivatives and the use thereof
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Hypervalent silane and siloxane reagents (preformed or generated in situ) for transmetalation in palladium catalyzed reactions with derivatives of allylic alcohols, aryl halides, electron-withdrawing aryl bromides, and aryl triflates derived from phenols are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of preparing glycosyl azides by reaction of an azide with a silyl ester in the presence of a phoshine.
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- NOVEL SULFONYL DERIVATIVES
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Sulfonyl derivatives represented by the following general formula (I): Q1-Q2-T1-Q3-SO2-QA and drugs containing the same (wherein Q1 is an optionally substituted, saturated or unsaturated, five- or six-membered cyclic hydrocarbon group, a five- or six-membered heterocyclic group, or the like; Q2 is a single band, oxygen, sulfur, C1-C6 alkylene or the like; QA is optionally substituted arylalkenyl, heteroarylalkenyl or the like; and T1 is carbonyl or the like). These compounds have potent FXa-inhibitory effects and promptly exert satisfactory and persistent antithrombotic effects through oral administration, thus being useful as anticoagulant agents little accompanied with side effects.
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- Allylic substitution in water catalyzed by amphiphilic resin-supported palladium-phosphine complexes
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New amphiphilic resin-supported triarylphosphines PEP (1) were designed and prepared on polyethylene glycol-polystyrene graft copolymer (PEG-PS). Palladium complexes of 1, Pal(PEP)2 (4) and Pd(PEP) (5), catalyzed allylic alkylation of 3-acetoxy-1,3-diphenyl-1-propene (6) and cinnamyl acetate (7) with various nucleophiles including 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, amino acids, sodium azide, and sodium sulfinate, to give quantitative yields of corresponding allylic substituted products in water.
- Danjo, Hiroshi,Tanaka, Daiki,Hayashi, Tamio,Uozumi, Yasuhiro
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p. 14341 - 14352
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of unsymmetrical biaryls by palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions of arenes with tetrabutylammonium triphenyldifluorosilicate, a hypervalent silicon reagent
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Palladium-catalyzed cross coupling of arenes with tetrabutylammonium triphenyldifluorosilicate, a hypervalent silicon reagent, to give unsymmetrical biaryls is reported. The Pd(0)-catalyzed process proceeds in good yield with aryl iodides, most aryl trifiates, and electron-deficient aryl bromides.
- Mowery, Molly E.,DeShong, Philip
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p. 3266 - 3270
(2007/10/03)
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- A facile route to aryl amines: Nucleophilic substitution of aryl triflates
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The aromatic nucleophilic substitution (S(N)Ar) between aryl triflates and secondary amines has been studied. In the absence of solvent, the reaction proceeds at room temperature for nitro and cyano activated aryl triflates and requires higher temperatures in the case of carboxy activation. Variable triflate reactivity could be explained in terms of frontier molecular orbital theory. This methodology has been applied for the synthesis of substituted piperidyl pyridines.
- Schio, Laurent,Lemoine, Guy,Klich, Michel
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p. 1559 - 1562
(2007/10/03)
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- Biaryl substituted alkylboronate esters as thrombin inhibitors
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Thrombin is a serine protease that plays an important role in the blood coagulation cascade, and is a target enzyme for new therapeutic agents. Ac- (D)-Phe-Pro-boroArg-OH (DuP 714) was found to be a highly effective thrombin inhibitor. In order to reduce the peptidic nature of DuP 714, we have designed a series of novel biaryl substituted alkylboronate esters as potent thrombin inhibitors. The most potent compounds have subnanomolar affinity for thrombin.
- Quan,Wityak,Dominguez,Duncia,Kettner,Ellis,Liauw,Park,Santella,Knabb,Thoolen,Weber,Wexler
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p. 1595 - 1600
(2007/10/03)
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- Aryl Mesylates in Metal-Catalyzed Homocoupling and Cross-Coupling Reactions. 1. Functional Symmetrical Biaryls from Phenols via Nickel-Catalyzed Homocoupling of Their Mesylates
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Aryl sulfonates including mesylate derived from phenols are converted in high yields to biaryls by homocoupling in the presence of catalytic amounts of zero-valent nickel catalysts generated in situ.This reaction provides the most convenient method for the synthesis of many functional symmetrical biaryls and was applied to the preparation of 2,2'-, 3,3'-, and 4,4'-disubstituted biphenyls and other biaryls.The influence of the electronic and steric effects of substituents attached in the ortho, meta, and para positions of aryl sulfonates and the nature of the sulfonate leaving group on the yield of homocoupled product as well as their influence on the extent of various side reactions were investigated.In addition, the influence of the effects of the polarity and dryness of solvent, halide ion source and concentration, and ratio of catalyst and ligand to aryl sulfonate are discussed.
- Percec, Virgil,Bae, Jin-Young,Zhao, Mingyang,Hill, Dale H.
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p. 176 - 185
(2007/10/02)
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- Palladium Catalysed Alkoxycarbonylation of Phenols to Benzoate Esters
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The methoxycarbonylation of aryl trifluoromethanesulphonates with CO and aliphatic alcohols is catalysed by Pd(OAc)2-1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane in high yield at 70 deg C and ambient CO pressure.
- Dolle, Roland E.,Schmidt, Stanley J.,Kruse, Lawrence I.
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p. 904 - 905
(2007/10/02)
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