- Quinoxaline compound, preparation method and application of quinoxaline compound in medicine
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The invention provides a quinoxaline compound, a preparation method and application of the quinoxaline compound in medicine, and particularly relates to a quinoxaline compound with PAR4 antagonistic activity, a preparation method of the quinoxaline compound, a pharmaceutical composition containing the quinoxaline compound and application of the quinoxaline compound. Specifically, the invention provides a compound shown as a general formula I and/or II or a tautomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a preparation method of the compound, and application of the compound or the tautomer or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt in medicines for preventing and/or treating thromboembolic diseases.
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Paragraph 0337-0339; 0341
(2021/07/24)
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- A convenient Hofmann reaction of carboxamides and cyclic imides mediated by trihaloisocyanuric acids
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A simple, efficient and pot-economic approach in a single vessel has been developed for conversion of aromatic and aliphatic carboxamides into primary amines with one fewer carbom atom (Hofmann reaction) in 38–89 % yield by reacting with trichloro- or tribromoisocyanuric acid and sodium hydroxide in aqueous acetonitrile. Under the same reaction conditions, cyclic imides gave amino acids (69–83 %). The role of the trihaloisocyanuric acids is the in situ generation of N-haloamides, key-intermediates for the Hofmann reaction. The scalability of the methodology was demonstrated by a multigram-scale transformation of phthalimide into anthranilic acid in 77 % yield.
- Bastos, Gustavo A.,de Mattos, Marcio C.S.
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- C-H Amination of Arenes with Hydroxylamine
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This Letter describes the development of a TiIII-mediated reaction for the C-H amination of arenes with hydroxylamine. This reaction is applied to a variety of electron-rich (hetero)arene substrates, including a series of natural products and pharmaceuticals. It offers the advantages of mild conditions (room temperature), fast reaction rates (30 min), compatibility with ambient moisture and air, scalability, and the use of inexpensive commercial reagents.
- See, Yi Yang,Sanford, Melanie S.
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supporting information
p. 2931 - 2934
(2020/04/09)
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- Mechanochemical catalytic transfer hydrogenation of aromatic nitro derivatives
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Mechanochemical ball milling catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) of aromatic nitro compounds using readily available and cheap ammonium formate as the hydrogen source is demonstrated as a simple, facile and clean approach for the synthesis of substituted anilines and selected pharmaceutically relevant compounds. The scope of mechanochemical CTH is broad, as the reduction conditions tolerate various functionalities, for example nitro, amino, hydroxy, carbonyl, amide, urea, amino acid and heterocyclic. The presented methodology was also successfully integrated with other types of chemical reactions previously carried out mechanochemically, such as amide bond formation by coupling amines with acyl chlorides or anhydrides and click-type coupling reactions between amines and iso(thio)cyanates. In this way, we showed that active pharmaceutical ingredients Procainamide and Paracetamol could be synthesized from the respective nitro-precursors on milligram and gram scale in excellent isolated yields.
- Portada, Tomislav,Margeti?, Davor,?trukil, Vjekoslav
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supporting information
(2018/12/11)
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- A process for the preparation of the compound naphthylamine of process (by machine translation)
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The present invention provides a process for preparing compound naphthylamine process method, characterized in that the polarity of the naphthylamine compound dissolved in a solvent proton gender, added with an auxiliary agent, said assistant agent amount is the quality of the states naphthalene amine compound 0.05 - 0.25 times, in order to Ni as the catalyst, hydrogenation reaction at room temperature, after the reaction, filtration, concentration to obtain a tetrahydronaphthalene compounds, the naphthylamine compound of the formula I as shown in the structural formula: the tetrahydronaphthalene amine structural formula of the compound is shown as formula (II) is shown. The reaction of this invention is completed at room temperature, greatly reduced the production energy consumption. At the same time, the reaction almost in the neutral condition, system conditions apply to acid, alkali, heat sensitive all substrate, wide range of application. In addition, because the reaction of the hydrogen pressure is atmospheric, the need to use a high-pressure autoclave equipment, thereby reducing the safety factor in the production process, and reduces equipment investment, greatly reduce the production cost, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production. (by machine translation)
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Paragraph 0029; 0030
(2017/08/25)
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- Fe-Catalyzed Amination of (Hetero)Arenes with a Redox-Active Aminating Reagent under Mild Conditions
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A novel and efficient Fe-catalyzed direct C?H amination (NH2) of arenes is reported using a new redox-active aminating reagent. The reaction is simple, and can be performed under air, mild, and redox-neutral conditions. This protocol has a broad substrate scope and could be used in the late-stage modification of bioactive compounds. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that a radical pathway could be involved in this transformation.
- Liu, Jianzhong,Wu, Kai,Shen, Tao,Liang, Yujie,Zou, Miancheng,Zhu, Yuchao,Li, Xinwei,Li, Xinyao,Jiao, Ning
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supporting information
p. 563 - 567
(2017/01/18)
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- Electrochemical Amination of Less-Activated Alkylated Arenes Using Boron-Doped Diamond Anodes
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The anodic C-H amination of aromatic compounds is a powerful and versatile method for the synthesis of aniline derivatives. By using boron-doped diamond (BDD) anodes, a method initially described by Yoshida et al. for electron-rich arenes was expanded to less-activated aromatic systems e.g., simple alkylated benzene derivatives. Anodes based on sp3 carbon seem to be the key for the electrochemical amination reaction. The corresponding primary anilines are obtained in good yields. Despite the cationic intermediates of the electrolytic reaction tert-butyl moieties are tolerated.
- Herold, Sebastian,M?hle, Sabine,Zirbes, Michael,Richter, Frank,Nefzger, Hartmut,Waldvogel, Siegfried R.
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supporting information
p. 1274 - 1278
(2016/03/19)
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- Direct and practical synthesis of primary anilines through iron-catalyzed C-H bond amination
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The direct C-H amination of arenes is an important strategy to streamline the discovery and preparation of functional molecules. Herein, we report an operationally simple arene C-H amination reaction that, in contrast to most literature precedent, affords directly the synthetically versatile primary aniline products without relying on protecting group manipulations. Inexpensive Fe(II)-sulfate serves as a convenient catalyst for the transformation. The reaction tolerates a wide scope of arenes, including structurally complex drugs. Importantly, the arene substrates are used as limiting reagents in the transformation. This operationally simple transformation should considerably accelerate the discovery of medicines and functional molecules.
- Legnani, Luca,Cerai, Gabriele Prina,Morandi, Bill
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p. 8162 - 8165
(2018/05/22)
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- N-(1-HYDROXY-3-(PYRROLIDINYL)PROPAN-2-YL)PYRROLIDINE-3-CARBOXAMIDE DERIVATIVES AS GLUCOSYLCERAMIDE SYNTHASE INHIBITORS
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Described herein are compounds of Formula I, methods of making such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments containing such compounds, and compounds I for use to treat or prevent diseases or conditions associated with the enzyme glucosylceramide synthase (GCS).
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Paragraph 000677
(2015/05/19)
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- Quenched skeletal Ni as the effective catalyst for selective partial hydrogenation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
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Quenched skeletal Ni is an active and selective catalyst for selective partial hydrogenation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The molecular structure of PAHs significantly dominate the hydrogenation process and furthermore, the distribution of hydrogenated products.
- Liu, Chengyun,Rong, Zeming,Sun, Zhuohua,Wang, Yong,Du, Wenqiang,Wang, Yue,Lu, Lianhai
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p. 23984 - 23988
(2013/11/19)
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- HETEROARYL COMPOUNDS AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF
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Provided herein are heteroaryl compounds, methods of their synthesis, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, and methods of their use. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein are useful for the treatment, prevention, and/or management of various disorders, such as CNS disorders and metabolic disorders, including, but not limited to, e.g., neurological disorders, psychosis, schizophrenia, obesity, and diabetes.
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Page/Page column 51
(2012/07/27)
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- One-step double reduction of aryl nitro and carbonyl groups using hydrazine
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Single-step reduction of aryl nitro and carbonyl groups to the corresponding synthetically useful alkyl-anilines occurs with excellent yields by treatment with hydrazine and a base in a solvent-free reaction. The method has been applied to a broad range of compounds with different properties. Investigations into the mechanism of the reduction reveal that each group is reduced independently. A mechanism is proposed for this novel reduction of aromatic nitro groups.
- Diez-Cecilia, Elena,Kelly, Brendan,Rozas, Isabel
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 6702 - 6704
(2012/01/05)
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- Human glucagon receptor antagonists with thiazole cores. A novel series with superior pharmacokinetic properties
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The aim of the work presented here was to design and synthesize potent human glucagon receptor antagonists with improved pharmacokinetic (PK) properties for development of pharmaceuticals for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. We describe the preparation of compounds with cyclic cores (5-aminothiazoles), their binding affinities for the human glucagon and GIP receptors, as well as affinities for rat, mouse, pig, dog, and monkey glucagon receptors. Generally, the compounds had slightly less glucagon receptor affinity compared to compounds of the previous series, but this was compensated for by much improved PK profiles in both rats and dogs with high oral bioavailabilities and sustained high plasma exposures. The compounds generally showed species selectivity for glucagon receptor binding with poor affinities for the rat, mouse, rabbit, and pig receptors. However, dog and monkey glucagon receptor affinities seem to reflect the human situation. One compound of this series, 18, was tested intravenously in an anesthetized glucagon-challenged monkey model of hyperglucagonaemia and hyperglycaemia and was shown dose-dependently to decrease glycaemia. Further, high plasma exposures and a long plasma half-life (5.2 h) were obtained.
- Madsen, Peter,Kodra, János T.,Behrens, Carsten,Nishimura, Erica,Jeppesen, Claus B.,Pridal, Lone,Andersen, Birgitte,Knudsen, Lotte B.,Valcarce-Aspegren, Carmen,Guldbrandt, Mette,Christensen, Inge T.,J?rgensen, Anker S.,Ynddal, Lars,Brand, Christian L.,Bagger, Morten Aa.,Lau, Jesper
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 2989 - 3000
(2010/02/28)
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- Conformationally constrained analogues of N′-(4-tert-butylbenzyl)-N-(4-methylsulfonylaminobenzyl)thiourea as TRPV1 antagonists
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A series of bicyclic analogues having indan and tetrahydronaphthalene templates in the A-region were designed as conformationally constrained analogues of our previously reported potent TRPV1 antagonists (1, 3). The activities for rat TRPV1 of the conformationally restricted analogues were moderately or markedly diminished, particularly in the case of the tetrahydronaphthalene analogues. The analysis indicated that steric constraints at the benzylic position in the bicyclic analogues may be an important factor for their unfavorable interaction with the receptor.
- Lim, Ju-Ok,Jin, Mi-Kyoung,Ryu, HyungChul,Kang, Dong Wook,Lee, Jeewoo,Pearce, Larry V.,Tran, Richard,Toth, Attila,Blumberg, Peter M.
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experimental part
p. 322 - 331
(2009/04/07)
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- Selective alkylation of βII-tubulin and thioredoxin-1 by structurally related subsets of aryl chloroethylureas leading to either anti-microtubules or redox modulating agents
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Aryl chloroethylureas (CEUs) are potent anti-neoplastic agents alkylating specific intracellular proteins such as βII-tubulin. Recently we have identified a new subset of CEU derived from compound 36 that alkylates thioredoxin isoform 1 (Trx-1), inhibits the nuclear translocation of Trx-1, and favors the accumulation of cells in G0/G1 phase. We have evaluated the effects of various substituents and their position on the aromatic ring of a series of derivatives of 36 on (i) the anti-proliferative activity, (ii) the cell cycle progression, (iii) the nuclear translocation of Trx-1, and (iv) their covalent binding to β-tubulin. The same experiments were performed on representative CEU derivatives where the 2-chloroethyl amino moiety is replaced by either an ethyl, a 2-aminooxazolinyl or a 2-chloroacetyl group. On one hand, our results suggest that CEUs substituted on the phenyl ring at position 3 or 4 by cycloalkyl and substituted cycloalkyl or cycloalkoxy groups inhibit the nuclear translocation of Trx-1 and arrest the cell cycle progression in G0/G1. On the other hand, CEUs substituted by a fused aromatic ring, an aliphatic chain, or a fused aliphatic ring are alkylating βII-tubulin but not Trx-1. Beside the expected inactivity of the ethylurea derivatives, none of the modification to the electrophilic moiety led to cross-selectivity of the drugs toward β-tubulin but increased the anti-proliferative activity and resulted in mitigated effects on Trx-1 translocation.
- Fortin, Jessica S.,Cote, Marie-France,Lacroix, Jacques,Desjardins, Michel,Petitclerc, Eric,C.-Gaudreault, Rene
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p. 7277 - 7290
(2008/12/22)
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- Tricyclic [1,2,4]triazine 1,4-dioxides as hypoxia selective cytotoxins
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A series of novel tricyclic triazine-di-N-oxides (TTOs) related to tirapazamine have been designed and prepared. A wide range of structural arrangements with cycloalkyl, oxygen-, and nitrogen-containing saturated rings fused to the triazine core, coupled with various side chains linked to either hemisphere, resulted in TTO analogues that displayed hypoxia-selective cytotoxicity in vitro. Optimal rates of hypoxic metabolism and tissue diffusion coefficients were achieved with fused cycloalkyl rings in combination with both the 3-aminoalkyl or 3-alkyl substituents linked to weakly basic soluble amines. The selection was further refined using pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model predictions of the in vivo hypoxic potency (AUCreq) and selectivity (HCD) with 12 TTO analogues predicted to be active in vivo, subject to the achievement of adequate plasma pharmacokinetics.
- Hay, Michael P.,Hicks, Kevin O.,Pchalek, Karin,Lee, Ho H.,Blaser, Adrian,Pruijn, Frederik B.,Anderson, Robert F.,Shinde, Sujata S.,Wilson, William R.,Denny, William A.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 6853 - 6865
(2009/12/03)
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- COMPOUNDS AND METHODS FOR TREATING DYSLIPIDEMIA
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Compounds of Formula (I): wherein n, m, p, q, Y, R1 R2, R3a, R3b, R4, R5, and R6 are as defined herein and their pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use are disclosed.
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Page/Page column 146-147
(2010/02/15)
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- TRICYCLIC 1,2,4-TRIAZINE OXIDES AND COMPOSITIONS THEREFROM FOR THERAPEUTIC USE IN CANCER TREATMENTS
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The invention relates to novel tricyclic 1,2,4-triazine-1-oxides and novel tricyclic 1,2,4-triazine-1,4-dioxides of formula: (I); and to related analogues, to their preparation, and to their use as hypoxia-selective drugs and radiosensitizers for cancer therapy, both alone or in combination with radiation and/or other anticancer drugs.
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Page/Page column 126
(2008/06/13)
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- Discovery of potent, orally available vanilloid receptor-1 antagonists. Structure-activity relationship of N-aryl cinnamides
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The vanilloid receptor-1 (TRPV1 or VR1) is a member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of ion channels and plays a role in regulating the function of sensory nerves. A growing body of evidence demonstrates the therapeutic potential of TRPV1 modulators, particularly in the management of pain. As a result of our screening efforts, we identified (E)-3-(4-tert- butylphenyl)-N-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)acrylamide (1), an antagonist that blocks the capsaicin-induced and pH-induced uptake of 45Ca2+ in TRPV1-expressing Chinese hamster ovary cells with IC50 values of 17 ± 5 and 150 ± 80 nM, respectively. In this report, we describe the synthesis and structure-activity relationship of a series of N-aryl cinnamides, the most potent of which (49a and 49b) exhibit good oral bioavailability in rats (Foral = 39% and 17%, respectively).
- Doherty, Elizabeth M.,Fotsch, Christopher,Bo, Yunxin,Chakrabarti, Partha P.,Chen, Ning,Gavva, Narender,Han, Nianhe,Kelly, Michael G.,Kincaid, John,Klionsky, Lana,Liu, Qingyian,Ognyanov, Vassil I.,Tamir, Rami,Wang, Xianghong,Zhu, Jiawang,Norman, Mark H.,Treanor, James J. S.
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- Reduction of 1,1'-binaphthyls to octahydro-1,1'-binaphthyl derivatives with Raney Ni-Al alloy in aqueous solution
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Reduction of BINOL, BINAM and NOBIN with Raney Ni-Al alloy in dilute NaOH aqueous solution results in the formation of H8-BINOL, H8-BINAM and H8-NOBIN in 60-86% isolated yields with 97.5-99% enantiomeric excesses. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.
- Guo,Ding
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p. 10061 - 10064
(2007/10/03)
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- Reduction of sulfonates and aromatic compounds with the NiCl2 · 2H2O- Li-arene (cat.) combination
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A series of alkyl mesylates, dimesylates and alkyl or aryl triflates have been reduced to the corresponding hydrocarbons with nickel(II) chloride dihydrate, an excess of lithium powder and a catalytic amount of DTBB (10 mol%) in THF at room temperature. This methodology applied to enol triflates allowed the preparation of olefins or alkanes depending on the amount of the Ni(II) salt used. The reduction of different aromatic or heteroaromatic compounds under the above mentioned conditions leads to the partial or total reduction of the starting materials, the process being a reasonable alternative to the well-known Birch reaction. The use of the deuterium oxide- containing nickel(lI) salt allows the simple preparation of deuterated products.
- Radivoy, Gabriel,Alonso, Francisco,Yus, Miguel
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p. 14479 - 14490
(2007/10/03)
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- Tricyclic indole-2-carboxylic acid derivatives
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A tricyclic indole-2-carboxylic acid derivative represented by the formula 1: STR1 wherein X represents alkyl, halogen or cyano;R 1 represents hydrogen, or a protecting group of carboxyl group;W represents hydrogen, --CO 2 R 3i, --CONR 3i R 4i, --A--CO 2 R 3i or --A--CONR 3i R 4i, wherein --A-- represents alkylene and R 3i and R 4i independently represent hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or substituted aryl,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, these compounds are selective antagonists of glycine binding site of the NMDA receptor.
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- 8-phenylcyclopentenoquinoline and 8-phenylcyclohexenoquinoline derivatives
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The disclosed derivatives of 8-phenylcyclopentenoquinolines and 8-phenylcyclohexenoquinolines are useful as anti-inflammatory agents, immunosuppressive agents, anti-allograft, rejection agents, anti-graft-vs-host disease agents, anti-allergic agents, bronchodilation agents, anti-autoimmune agents, and analgetic agents.
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- Synthesis of Novel 2,3-Dihydro-8H-thienoazepines and 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepines via Photolyses of 6-Azido-2,3-dihydrobenzothiophene and 6-Azido-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene
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Reduction of 6-amino-2,3-dihydrobenzothiophene 1,1-dioxide with DIBAL-H gave 6-amino-2,3-dihydrobenzothiophene which was converted by standard procedures into 6-azido-2,3-dihydrobenzothiophene (7).Photolysis of this azide in an excess of diethylamine gave 7-diethylamino-2,3-dihydro-8H-thienoazepine (10) whose structure was confirmed by 1H n.m.r. spectroscopic studies and by conversion trough successive bromination and elimination of hydrogen bromide from the intermediate into 7-diethylamino-8H-thienoazepine (13), which was shown to be different from 6-diethylamino-8H-thienoazepine (12), prepared by debromination of its 2,3-dibromo derivative (11) .By contrast with the behaviour of azide (7), irradiation of 6-azido-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (14) in THF containing diethylamine or morpholine gave a mixture of the two possible azepines, (17) and (19) or (18) and (20), respectively, with (19) and (20) being the major isomers.
- Daly, Christopher M.,Iddon, Brian,Suschitzky, Hans,Jordis, Ulrich,Sauter, Fritz
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p. 1933 - 1938
(2007/10/02)
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