- On-surface polymerization on a semiconducting oxide: Aryl halide coupling controlled by surface hydroxyl groups on rutile TiO2(011)
-
Based on scanning tunneling microscopy experiments, we show that the covalent coupling of aryl halide monomers on the rutile TiO2(011)-(2 × 1) surface is controlled by the density of surface hydroxyl groups. The efficiency of the polymerization reaction depends on the level of surface hydroxylation, but the presence of hydroxyl groups is also essential for the reaction to occur.
- Kolmer, Marek,Zuzak, Rafal,Ahmad Zebari, Amir A.,Godlewski, Szymon,Prauzner-Bechcicki, Jakub S.,Piskorz, Witold,Zasada, Filip,Sojka, Zbigniew,Bléger, David,Hecht, Stefan,Szymonski, Marek
-
-
Read Online
- Highly efficient electron-transporting phenanthroline derivatives for electroluminescent devices
-
A series of phenanthroline derivatives containing quinoxaline moieties were synthesized, and their electron-transporting properties were investigated by using N,N′-di(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4, 4′-diamine (α-NPD) and tris(8-hydroxyquinolato)aluminum (Alq 3) as the hole-transporting material and the emitting layer, respectively. Higher external quantum efficiency for the phenanthroline derivative than Alq3 in the electroluminescent devices at a luminance of 100cd/m2 was obtained. Copyright
- Xiao, Lixin,Lan, Hsinglin,Kido, Junji
-
-
Read Online
- Interrupted carbonyl-olefin metathesis via oxygen atom transfer
-
Some of the simplest and most powerful carbon-carbon bond forming strategies take advantage of readily accessible ubiquitous motifs: carbonyls and olefins. Here we report a fundamentally distinct mode of reactivity between carbonyls and olefins that differs from established acid-catalyzed carbonyl-ene, Prins, and carbonyl-olefin metathesis reaction paths. A range of epsilon, zeta-unsaturated ketones undergo Br?nsted acid-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization to provide tetrahydrofluorene products via the formation of two new carbon-carbon bonds. Theoretical calculations and accompanying mechanistic studies suggest that this carbocyclization reaction proceeds through the intermediacy of a transient oxetane formed by oxygen atom transfer. The complex polycyclic frameworks in this product class appear as common substructures in organic materials, bioactive natural products, and recently developed pharmaceuticals.
- Ludwig, Jacob R.,Watson, Rebecca B.,Nasrallah, Daniel J.,Gianino, Joseph B.,Zimmerman, Paul M.,Wiscons, Ren A.,Schindler, Corinna S.
-
-
Read Online
- Rational Design of Push–Pull Fluorene Dyes: Synthesis and Structure–Photophysics Relationship
-
Our work surveyed experimental and theoretical investigations to construct highly emissive D–π–A (D=donor, A=acceptor) fluorenes. The synthetic routes were optimised to be concise and gram-scalable. The molecular design was first rationalised by varying the electron-withdrawing group from an aldehyde, ketotriazole or succinyl to methylenemalonitrile or benzothiadiazole. The electron-donating group was next varied from aliphatic or aromatic amines to saturated cyclic amines ranging from aziridine to azepane. Spectroscopic studies correlated with TD-DFT calculations provided the optimised structures. The selected push–pull dyes exhibited visible absorptions, significant brightness, important solvatofluorochromism, mega-Stokes shifts (>250 nm) and dramatic shifts in emission to the near-infrared. The current library includes the comprehensive characterization of 16 prospective dyes for fluorescence applications. Among them, several fluorene derivatives bearing different conjugation anchors were tested for coupling and demonstrated to preserve the photophysical responses once further bound.
- Shaya, Janah,Fontaine-Vive, Fabien,Michel, Beno?t Y.,Burger, Alain
-
-
Read Online
- Phosphorescence quenching by conjugated polymers
-
Energy transfer between phosphors and conjugated polymers was investigated using a fluorene trimer (F3) as a model conjugated material. The phosphors studied were bis-cyclometalated iridium complexes (FP, PPY, BT, PQ, and BTP), with triplet energies of 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2.1, and 2.0 eV, respectively (based on phosphorescence spectra). Stern-Volmer analysis of luminescent quenching shows that energy transfer from either FP or PPY to F3 is an exothermic process with Stern-Volmer quenching constants (kqSV) of near 109 M-1 s-1 while energy transfer from BT, PQ, and BTP is endothermic (kqSV = 107-106 M-1 s-1). On the the basis of above results, the triplet energy of F3 is estimated to be less than 2.3 eV (530 nm). This study suggests that conjugated polymers, which typically have lower T1 energies than F3, should also quench phosphorescent emission in thin films and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) incorporating these and related phosphorescent dopants. Copyright
- Sudhakar, Madhusoodhanan,Djurovich, Peter I.,Hogen-Esch, Thieo E.,Thompson, Mark E.
-
-
Read Online
- Synthesis, characterization and third-order non-linear optical properties of novel fluorene monomers and their cross-conjugated polymers
-
We designed and synthesized two novel fluorene monomers of D-A-D (donor-acceptor-donor) type (M1 and M2), and their two corresponding polymers (PM1 and PM2) and a copolymer (CPM). These high molecular weight, film-forming polymers were obtained from metal-free, superacid-catalyzed reactions of the monomers with N-phenylisatin. The cubic NLO response (χ(3)) for these new compounds, in solid thin films, was measured through the use of third-harmonic generation (THG) Maker-Fringes technique at IR wavelengths given values of the order of 10-12 esu from which, the corresponding second hyperpolarizabilities (γ) were estimated to be of the order of 10-33 esu for monomers and 10-31 esu for polymers. Second hyperpolarizabilities have also been estimated theoretically at B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory in gas phase and related with the electronic structure of the synthesized molecules.
- Ramos-Ortíz,Maldonado,Hernández,Zolotukhin,Fomine,Fr?hlich,Scherf,Galbrecht,Preis,Salmon,Cárdenas,Chávez
-
-
Read Online
- Fluorene derivative with AIE characteristic, preparation method and application
-
The invention discloses a fluorene derivative with AIE characteristic. The structural formula of the derivative is shown in the specification. In the formula, R =- CHO, -COOH, -Br, -I, -NO2, -NH2, -OCH3, -CH3, -CN, -NHCOCH3, -CF3 or -CCl3. The fluorene derivative can be used as a fluorescent probe for identifying small biological molecules, has efficient specific identification on tryptophan (the detection limit is 1.15 [mu]M), and can also be used for detecting small molecular substances such as explosives, anions, metal cations (including rare earth metals) and the like.
- -
-
Paragraph 0015
(2021/09/04)
-
- Spirooxazine photochromic compound and preparation method thereof
-
The invention discloses a spirooxazine photochromic compound and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of organic functional materials. The molecular structure is disclosedin the invention, whereinR1 and R2 are hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl (CH2, m = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), and benzyl; R3and R4 are hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl (CH2, m = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). Accordingto the invention, a photothermal stable fluorene phenol structure is introduced; different groups are used for substitution; the advantages of a novel photochromic material with spirooxazine are provided; the light response speed is high; meanwhile, color fading is rapid, moreover, the photo-thermal stability is good, an open-loop state and a closed-loop state can stably exist for a long time; guidance is provided for solving the problem that the ring-opening state ofspirooxazine photochromic compounds is unstable; the photochromic compound with various color changes from colorless to red, yellow, green, blue or purple is realized, the color variety of color change is richer, the market diversification requirements are finally met, the synthesis raw materials are cheap and easily available, and the synthesis process is easy to realize industrialization.
- -
-
Paragraph 0016
(2020/06/17)
-
- Indeno[1,2-b]carbazole as Methoxy-Free Donor Group: Constructing Efficient and Stable Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells
-
With perovskite-based solar cells (PSCs) now reaching efficiencies of greater than 20 %, the stability of PSC devices has become a critical challenge for commercialization. However, most efficient hole-transporting materials (HTMs) thus far still rely on the state-of-the-art methoxy triphenylamine (MOTPA) donor unit in which methoxy groups usually reduce the device stability. Herein, a carbazole-fluorene hybrid has been employed as a methoxy-free donor to construct organic HTMs. The indeno[1,2-b]carbazole group not only inherits the characteristics of carbazole and fluorene, but also exhibits additional advantages arising from the bulky planar structure. Consequently, M129, endowed with indeno[1,2-b]carbazole simultaneously exhibits a promising efficiency of over 20 % and superior long-term stability. The hybrid strategy toward the methoxy-free donor opens a new avenue for developing efficient and stable HTMs.
- Wang, Jialin,Zhang, Heng,Wu, Bingxue,Wang, Zhihui,Sun, Zhe,Xue, Song,Wu, Yongzhen,Hagfeldt, Anders,Liang, Mao
-
supporting information
p. 15721 - 15725
(2019/10/28)
-
- Fused cyclic compound and organoelectroluminescent device comprising the compound
-
The present invention refers to novel fused ring compound and including organic light emitting diode relates to search, the present invention according to fused ring compounds including organic electroluminescent device which has a low driving voltage 1 by disclosed. (by machine translation)
- -
-
Paragraph 0060-0066
(2018/10/24)
-
- A 2 - bromofluorene derivative synthesis method
-
The invention provides a synthetic method for 2-bromofluorene derivatives. The synthetic method includes the following steps: hybrid reaction of fluorene or derivatives thereof, quaternary ammonium salt, sodium bromate and hydrobromic acid is carried out; extraction is performed through dichloromethane to obtain organic phase; then the organic phase is washed, dried, filtered and concentrated through anhydrous sodium sulfate, and finally, recrystallization is performed, and 2-bromofluorene derivatives disclosed by the invention can be obtained. The synthetic method for 2-bromofluorene derivatives, provided by the invention has the advantages that the operation method is simple, required equipment for reaction is simple, the reaction condition is gentle, and the conversion efficiency is high; the defects in the conventional synthetic method for 2-bromofluorene derivatives that the conversion efficiency is low, the reaction is complicated and the reaction efficiency is low are avoided.
- -
-
Paragraph 0038-0047
(2017/08/25)
-
- HEPATITIS C VIRUS INHIBITORS AND USES THEREOF IN PREPARATION OF DRUGS
-
A series of hepatitis C virus (HCV) inhibitors and compositions and applications thereof in the preparation of drugs for treating chronic HCV infection. Especially, a series of compounds that are used as NS5A inhibitors, and compositions and uses thereof in the preparations of drugs.
- -
-
Paragraph 0494; 0495
(2017/12/17)
-
- COMPOUND FOR ORGANIC ELECTRONIC ELEMENT, ORGANIC ELECTRONIC ELEMENT USING THE SAME, AND AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE THEREOF
-
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a compound which is capable of having high light-emitting efficiency of an element, having low driving voltage, and improving durability, to provide an organic electronic element using the same, and to provide an electronic device thereof. The compound is represented by chemical formula 1.(110) Substrate(120) Positive electrode(130) Hole injection layer(140) Hole transport layer(141) Buffer layer(150) Light emitting layer(151) Light-emitting assisting layer(160) Electron transport layer(170) Electron injection layer(180) Negative electrodeCOPYRIGHT KIPO 2016
- -
-
Paragraph 0257; 0259; 0260
(2016/10/07)
-
- COMPOUND FOR PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERTING DEVICE
-
A photoelectric converting device and an image sensing device having the same are provided. When a compound having a specific structure is used for the photoelectric converting device, a function as photoelectric converting device can be developed, and a lower dark current is present in the device. Even when heating is applied to the device, increase of the dark current can be reduced. A photoelectric converting device has a photoelectric converting film including a photoelectric converting layer and an electron blocking layer between a transparent conductive film and a conductive film, wherein the electron blocking layer includes a compound having 3 or more ring structures and substituent groups substituted amino group.
- -
-
Paragraph 0458-0459
(2017/01/26)
-
- Design, synthesis and properties of near-infrared molecular switches containing a fluorene ring
-
Three molecular switches containing a fluorene ring were designed and synthesized. The introduction of the amino group substituted fluorene ring resulted in the target molecular switches having some optical properties in the near-infrared region. It was demonstrated that the N-substituents on the fluorene rings and the switch units both had great influence on the molecular switch optical properties including the absorption maximum, absorption intensity and fluorescence quantum yield. The open-ring forms IA and IIA showed obvious solvatochromic behaviour. The closed-ring forms IIB and IIIB showed obvious hydrochromic behaviour in MeCN/water binary solvent systems and acidichromic behaviour in MeCN solution with high reversibility. Especially, the distinct off-on fluorescence signal in the near-infrared region using the stimuli of acid means that the designed compounds have great potential application value in the field of biological sensing.
- Chen, Peng,Wang, Hai-Ming,Liu, Guo-Jie,Zhang, Sean Xiao-An
-
p. 4456 - 4463
(2016/06/06)
-
- Fluorene-based boronic acids as fluorescent chemosensor for monosaccharides at physiological pH
-
Two fluorene-based boronic acids, 9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl-2-boronic acid (1) and 9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2,7-diyl-2,7-diboronic acid (2), were synthesized and their sensing abilities for detection of D-monosaccharides were investigated by fluorescence at physiological pH. It was found that both boronic acids 1 and 2 have high selectivity and sensitivity for D-fructose with stability constant of 47.2 and 412.9, respectively. The sensor 2 showed a linear response toward D-fructose in the concentration range from 5 × 10-5 to 10-1 mol L-1 with the detection limit of 2 × 10-5 mol L-1.
- Hosseinzadeh, Rahman,Mohadjerani, Maryam,Pooryousef, Mona
-
p. 549 - 555
(2015/12/04)
-
- New Transition metal complexes, catalyst compositions containing the same for olefin polymerization and methods for preparing ethylene homopolymers or copolymers of ethylene and α-olefins using the same
-
The present invention relates to a novel transition metal compound, a transition metal catalyst composition for manufacturing an ethylene homopolymer or a copolymer of ethylene and andalpha;-olefin including the same, and to a method for manufacturing the ethylene homopolymer or the copolymer of ethylene and andalpha;-olefin using the same and. More specifically, the present invention relates to: a fourth group transition metal compound including a cyclopentadiene inducer around a fourth group transition metal and three aryl oxide ligands having a function of an electron donor and a function of stabilizing a catalyst group by covering atomic oxygen connecting the ligands and the transition metal, wherein a fluorenyl group having a chemical structure facilitating the induction of a substituent at a 9-position or the inducer is substituted for the atomic oxygen connecting the ligands and the transition metal at an ortho position of the atomic oxygen and useful as a catalyst for manufacturing an ethylene homopolymer having a structure in which the ligands are not connected to each other or a copolymer of ethylene and andalpha;-olefin; a transition metal catalyst composition for manufacturing the ethylene homopolymer including the transition metal compound as a main catalyst and an aluminum compound, a boron compound, or a mixture of the aluminum compound and the boron compound as a sub catalyst or the copolymer of ethylene and at least one andalpha;-olefin; a method for manufacturing the ethylene homopolymer and the copolymer of ethylene and andalpha;-olefin using the same; and the manufactured ethylene homopolymer or the manufactured copolymer of ethylene and andalpha;-olefin.COPYRIGHT KIPO 2016
- -
-
Paragraph 0103; 0104; 0105
(2016/11/28)
-
- Synthesis and characterization of highly stable and efficient star-molecules
-
A series of well-defined star-shaped molecules have been synthesized by Pd-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling starting from very simple reactants with 1,3,5-trisubstituted benzene, 2,4,6-trisubstituted pyridine and trisubstituted phenylcarbazole as the backbones. These star-molecules are all soluble in common organic solvents and electrochemically stable with reversible cyclic voltammographs and high lying HOMOs. They exhibit excellent blue-fluorescence with quantum yield up to 0.87 and high glass transition temperatures. These molecules offer potential as pure blue-light emitting, hole-transport or host materials for optoelectronic applications.
- Huang, Hai-Fang,Xu, Shi-Hua,He, Yan-Bo,Zhu, Cai-Cai,Fan, He-Liang,Zhou, Xue-Hua,Gao, Xi-Cun,Dai, Yan-Feng
-
p. 705 - 713
(2013/03/13)
-
- Aryl 5-substitution of a phenyl-pyridine based ligand as a viable way to influence the opto-electronic properties of bis-cyclometalated Ir(iii) heteroleptic complexes
-
This manuscript reports on the synthesis, the photophysical study and the electroluminescent properties of a series of heteroleptic cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes based on 2,5-diaryl-pyridines as C^N cyclometalating ligands and acetylacetonate as ancillary ligand. The complexes were characterised by elemental analysis, ESI-MS, multinuclear NMR, TGA and electrochemistry. Their optical properties were investigated by UV-Vis and photoluminescence. DFT and TD-DFT calculations provided further insights into the effects of the 5-aryl substitution on the electronic and photophysical properties of the new complexes. The presence of suitable π-extended ligands exerts a beneficial effect on the performances of the corresponding solution-processed light-emitting diodes, leading to a maximum brightness of 10620 cd m-2 at a current efficiency of 10.0 cd A-1.
- Grisorio, Roberto,Suranna, Gian Paolo,Mastrorilli, Piero,Mazzeo, Marco,Colella, Silvia,Carallo, Sonia,Gigli, Giuseppe
-
p. 8939 - 8950
(2013/07/27)
-
- Vacuum-processable ladder-type oligophenylenes for organic-inorganic hybrid structures: Synthesis, optical and electrochemical properties upon increasing planarization as well as thin film growth
-
A novel synthetic route to even-numbered ladder-type oligo(p-phenylene)s (LOPPs) carrying no solubilizing groups to facilitate vacuum-processing is presented. The influence of increasing bridging adjacent phenylene units on the optical and electrochemical properties is discussed in the series of p-sexiphenyl 6P, terfluorene 3F, and ladder-type sexiphenyl L6P. The influence of the extension of the π-system is taken into consideration as well. Furthermore it is shown that highly ordered thin films of L6P on alumina surfaces can be prepared by organic molecular beam deposition (OMBD).
- Kobin, Bjoern,Grubert, Lutz,Blumstengel, Sylke,Henneberger, Fritz,Hecht, Stefan
-
experimental part
p. 4383 - 4390
(2012/07/30)
-
- AROMATIC AMINE DERIVATIVES AND ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT ELEMENTS USING SAME
-
Provided are an organic EL device material capable of reducing the driving voltage of an organic EL device and increasing the lifetime of the device as compared with a conventional organic EL device material, specifically an aromatic amine derivative represented by N(Ara)(Arb)(Arc), and an organic EL device using the material. [Ara is represented by the formula (II). (In the formula (II): La represents a single bond or an arylene group; R1 to R4 each represent an alkyl group, an aryl group, or the like, and R3's or R4's, or R3 and R4 may be bonded to each other to form a ring; and o represents 0 to 3 and p represents 0 to 4.) Arb is represented by the formula (III). (in the formula (III), X represents NRa, O, or S, and Ra and R5 to R7 each represent an alkyl group, an aryl group, or the like, and R5's, R6's, or R7's adjacent to each other, or R5 and R6 may be bonded to each other to form a ring; n represents 2 to 4 when X represents NRa, and represents 0 to 4 when X represents O or S; and q represents 0 to 3, r and s each independently represent 0 to 4.) Arc represents an aryl group, or is represented by the formula (III).]
- -
-
Page/Page column 119
(2012/07/03)
-
- BLUE ELECTROLUMINESCENT COMPOUNDS WITH HIGH EFFICIENCY AND DISPLAY DEVICE USING THE SAME
-
The present invention relates to novel organic electroluminescent compounds and display devices comprising the same. The organic electroluminescent compounds according to the present invention exhibit high luminous efficiency and excellent life property, so that an OLED device having very good operation life can be prepared therefrom.
- -
-
Page/Page column 15
(2011/04/14)
-
- LUMINESCENT COMPOUNDS AND ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICE USING THE SAME
-
The present invention relates to organic electroluminescent compounds and organic electroluminescent devices employing the same. More specifically, the invention relates to organic electroluminescent compounds containing an anthracenyl group or an aryl group having an anthracenyl substituent m the aryl ring of fluorene or indenofluorene, as a blue electroluminescent material in an organic electroluminescent layer. The electroluminescent compounds according to the invention exhibit high luminous efficiency and excellent life property, so that an OLED device having very good operation lifetime can be prepared therefrom.
- -
-
Page/Page column 10
(2011/04/14)
-
- ELECTROLUMINESCENT COMPOUNDS WITH HIGH EFFICIENCY AND ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE USING THE SAME
-
The present invention relates to novel organic electroluminescent compounds and an organic light-emitting diode comprising the same. The organic electroluminescent compounds according to the present invention exhibit high luminous efficiency and excellent life property as a material, so that an OLED device having very good operation life can be prepared therefrom.
- -
-
Page/Page column 13
(2011/07/06)
-
- Synthesis and photophysical properties of pyrrole/polycyclic aromatic units hybrid fluorophores
-
A series of pyrrole/polycyclic aromatic unit hybrid fluorophores was developed by a two-stage synthetic strategy. Their central aryl-substituted pyrrole cores were constructed by a Paal-Knorr pyrrole synthesis reaction. The reaction conditions and mechanism are also discussed in detail. End-capping triflate onto the central pyrrole core enables the core to incorporate various polycyclic aromatic units. The Buchwald-Hartwig amination reaction and the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction were adopted to incorporate the triflate end-capping pyrrole with N-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine and various polycyclic aromatic units to form the hybrid fluorophores. The photophysical properties and thermal properties of the fluorophores were characterized. Most of the pyrrole fluorophores emitted blue light and exhibited high quantum efficiency. The fluorescence properties of these pyrrole fluorophores were induced by manipulating the surrounding polycyclic aromatic units. When the central pyrrole core was incorporated with amino or naphthalene moieties, the fluorescence efficiency and thermal stability of fluorophores 1 and 2 were low (φf g f > 0.99) and stable glassy morphology (the Tg value of the fluorophore 6 was as high as 220 °C). Results of this study demonstrate that the sterically induced fluorescence of crowded pyrrole and the fluorescent polycyclic aromatic units significantly affect the emission properties of the hybrid fluorophores.
- Li, Chang-Shun,Tsai, Ya-Hsuan,Lee, Wei-Chen,Kuo, Wen-Jang
-
supporting information; experimental part
p. 4004 - 4013
(2010/08/19)
-
- Properties of fluorenyl silanes in organic light emitting diodes
-
Multifluorenyl silanes have been studied as potential hosts for organic light emitting diodes. Four molecules, (9,9'-dimethylfluoren-2-yl) nSi(phenyl)4-n (SiFln, n = 1, 2, 3, and 4), with an increasing number of fluorene units have been synthesized and investigated. These compounds possess high triplet energies (2.9 e'V), large HOMO-LUMO gaps (~5.2 eV), and high glass transition temperatures. Their glass transition and sublimation, temperatures increase linearly as the fluorene ratio increases, but there are only small changes in their electrochemical or photophysical properties. These studies suggest that the Si center helps maintain the high singlet and triplet energy levels of these molecules. These materials exhibit ambipolar transport characteristics in undoped OLED devices, and the charge conductivity of the devices was enhanced by increasing the fluorene ratios in the host molecules. Compared with phenylsilanes, the fluorenylsilanes show better hole injecting and charge transporting abilities. SiF14 was investigated as a host material for red, green, and blue phosphorescent devices, giving peak efficiencies of 8, 8, and 3%, respectively.
- Wei, Wei,Djurovich, Peter I.,Thompson, Mark E.
-
scheme or table
p. 1724 - 1731
(2011/12/02)
-
- TRANSITION METAL CATALYTIC SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PREPARING ETHYLENE HOMOPOLYMERS OR COPOLYMERS OF ETHYLENE AND a-OLEFINS USING THE SAME
-
Provided are transition metal catalytic systems for preparing ethylene homopolymers or copolymers of ethylene with α-olefins. More specifically, provided are Group 4 transition metal catalysts, which is characterized in that the catalyst comprises around the Group 4 transition metal a cyclopentadiene derivative, and at least one aryloxide ligand(s) having a fluorenyl group or a derivative thereof (which is ready to be substituted at 9-position) that functions as an electron donor and serves to stabilize the catalytic system by surrounding an oxygen atom that links the ligand to the transition metal at ortho-position, and there is no cross-linkage between the ligands; catalytic systems comprising such transition metal catalyst and aluminoxane cocatalyst or boron compound cocatalyst; and processes for preparing ethylene homopolymers or copolymers of ethylene with α-olefins by using the same.
- -
-
-
- CARBAZOLE DERIVATIVE, AND LIGHT-EMITTING ELEMENT, LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE, AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE USING CARBAZOLE DERIVATIVE
-
To provide a light-emitting element having high luminous efficiency and to provide a light-emitting device and an electronic device which consumes low power and is driven at low voltage, a carbazole derivative represented by the general formula (1) is provided. In the formula, α1, α2, α3, and α4 each represent an arylene group having less than or equal to 13 carbon atoms; Ar1 and Ar2 each represent an aryl group having less than or equal to 13 carbon atoms; R1 represents any of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl group; and R2represents any of an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl group. In addition, l, m, and n are each independenly 0 or 1.
- -
-
Page/Page column 157-158
(2009/07/17)
-
- ANTHRACENE DERIVATIVE, AND LIGHT-EMITTING ELEMENT, LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE, ELECTRONIC DEVICE USING ANTHRACENE DERIVATIVE
-
An object is to provide a novel anthracene derivative. Another object is to provide a light-emitting element with high luminous efficiency. Yet another object is to provide a light-emitting element with a long lifetime. Still another object is to provide a light-emitting device and an electronic device having a long lifetime by using the light-emitting elements of the present invention. The anthracene derivative represented by General Formula (1) is provided. The ability of the anthracene derivative represented by General Formula (1) to exhibit high luminous efficiency allows the production of a light-emitting element with high luminous efficiency and a long lifetime.
- -
-
Page/Page column 186-187
(2008/06/13)
-
- 3,4-Bis(5-iodo-2-methylthien-3-yl)-2,5-dihydrothiophene: A powerful synthon for the preparation of photochromic dithienylethene derivatives
-
A dithienylethene synthon, 3,4-bis-(5-iodo-2-methylthien-3-yl)-2,5- dihydrothiophene, was prepared and used as a starting material for the preparation of several photochromic dithienylethene derivatives via Suzuki cross-coupling reactions. The dithienylethene synthon was stable once stored in the dark at room temperature. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
- Xie, Nan,Zeng, De Xing,Chen, Yi
-
p. 737 - 740
(2007/10/03)
-
- ANTHRACENE DERIVATIVES AND ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICES MADE BY USING THE SAME
-
An anthracene derivative represented by the following general formula (1) which enables an organic electroluminescence device to exhibit a great efficiency of light emission and uniform light emission even at high temperatures since crystallization is suppressed and no thermal decomposition takes place during vapor deposition and an organic electroluminescence device utilizing the derivative, are provided. [Ar represents a group represented by the following general formula (2): (L1 and L2 each represent a substituted or unsubstituted methylene group, ethylene group or the like, and at least one of them is present), Ar' represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 50 nuclear carbon atoms, X represent an alkyl group or the like, a and b each represent an integer of 0 to 4, and n represents an integer of 1 to 3.]
- -
-
Page/Page column 22
(2010/02/11)
-
- Electron affinities of 1,1-diaryl-2,3,4,5-tetraphenylsiloles: Direct measurements and comparison with experimental and theoretical estimates
-
We present a comprehensive experimental and theoretical characterization of the electronic structure of four 1,1-diaryl-2,3,4,5-tetraphenylsiloles (aryl = phenyl, 2-(9,9-dimethylfluorenyl), 2-thienyl, pentafluorophenyl). Solid-state electron affinities and ionization potentials of these siloles were measured using inverse-photoelectron spectroscopy (IPES) and photoelectron spectroscopy (PES), respectively; the density of electronic states obtained from calculations performed at the density functional theory (DFT) level corresponds very well to the PES and IPES data. The direct IPES measurements of electron affinity were then used to assess alternative estimates based on electrochemical and/or optical data. We also used DFT to calculate the reorganization energies for the electron-transfer reactions between these siloles and their radical anions. Additionally, optical data and ionization potential and electron affinity data were utilized to estimate the binding energies of excitons in these siloles.
- Zhan, Xiaowei,Risko, Chad,Amy, Fabrice,Chan, Calvin,Zhao, Wei,Barlow, Stephen,Kahn, Antoine,Bredas, Jean-Luc,Marder, Seth R.
-
p. 9021 - 9029
(2007/10/03)
-
- 9,9-DIPHENYLFLUORENE COMPOUND AND ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICE CONTAINING THE 9,9-DIPHENYLFLUORENE
-
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide new 9,9-diphenylfluorene compounds and organic electroluminescent devices having a long emission life and excellent durability. SOLUTION: The 9,9-diphenylfluorene compounds are represented by formula (1) (wherein R1 to R3 are each hydrogen, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group or the like; Z1 to Z6 are each hydrogen, a halogen, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an amino group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group or the like; Z7 is hydrogen, a halogen, an alkyl group, alkoxy group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group; and Z1 to Z6 may be bonded to each another to form a ring).
- -
-
Page/Page column 43-44
(2010/02/11)
-