- A facile synthesis of polyglycidyl ethers from polyols and epichlorohydrin
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The reaction of 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane (1a), 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol (1b), pentaerythritol (1c), or 1,2,6-hexanetriol (1e) with epichlorohydrin in the presence of potassium hydroxide in dimethyl sulfoxide gave the corresponding tri- or tetraglycidyl ethers 3a-c, e in high yields. This procedure was also applicable to the preparation of the phenolic polyglycidyl ethers.
- Kida,Yokota,Masuyama,Nakatsuji,Okahara
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- Synthesis and surface active properties of 1,1,1,1-Tetra-(2-oxypropyl sulfonate-3-alkylether-propoxy)neopentanes
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Tetrameric sulfonate surfactants 1,1,1,1-tetra-(2-oxypropyl sulfonate-3-alkylether-propoxy)neopentanes were prepared with raw materials containing epichlorohydrin, pentaerythritol, long-chain alcohols, 1,3-propane sultone and sodium hydroxide by esterification, a ring opening reaction, and a sulfonation reaction. The chemical structures of the prepared compounds were confirmed by FTIR, 1H-NMR and element analysis. With the increasing length of the carbon chain, the values of their CMC initially decreased. The longer the alkyl chain, the higher the melting point. The Krafft point of all these tetrameric sulfonate surfactants was below 0 _C and they had excellent water solubility. These compounds were superior in surface active properties to general sulfonate surfactants SDS. The efficiency of adsorption at the water/air interface (pC20) of these surfactants was very high. Their foaming properties, their wetting ability of a felt chip, and their lime-soap dispersing ability was investigated.
- Zhou, Ming,Zhong, Xiang,Zhao, Jinzhou,Wang, Xu
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- BIO-NANO POWER CELLS AND THEIR USES
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The present invention concerns bio-nano power cells and methods of their manufacture and use. More particularly, the present invention relates to the preparation of bio-nano power cells that are biocompatible and capable of producing flash, intermittent, or continuous power by electrolyzing compounds in biological systems.
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- METHOD FOR PRODUCING EPOXY COMPOUND BY OXIDATION
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The present invention provides a method for producing an epoxy compound by oxidation using hydrogen peroxide, in which the generation of oxygen due to the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide can be suppressed in the system, and which does not require complicated post-treatment, is excellent in reactivity, and allows the reaction to be performed in a SUS vessel. The present invention relates to a method for producing an epoxy compound, the method comprising reacting an olefin compound with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a nitrile compound and a silicate. The silicate is preferably at least one selected from sodium silicate and potassium silicate.
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Paragraph 0037; 0041; 0042; 0043; 0044; 0045
(2013/06/27)
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- PEHAM DENDRIMERS FOR USE IN AGRICULTURE
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Specific PEHAM dendrimers are used in a formulation with an active agent for agricultural purposes, particularly for increasing the efficacy of the active agent in various ways, such as by improving solubility of the active agent in the formulation, by improving adhesion and penetration of the active agent to plant surfaces, by improving the water- fastness of the active agent to the plant or seed, by providing protection of the active agent from UV damage, by increasing soil penetration of the active agent to reach the plant roots or under soil parts, or by reducing soil adhesion of the active agent to reach the plant roots or under soil parts, or reducing enzymatic degradation of the active agent by the plant or seed or microorganisms in the soil.
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Page/Page column 35-36
(2011/05/11)
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- Dendritic polymers with enhanced amplification and interior functionality
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Poly(ester-acrylate) and poly(ester/epoxide) dendrimers. These materials can be synthesized by utilizing the so-called “sterically induced stoichiometric” principles. The preparation of the dendrimers is carried out by reacting precursor amino/polyamino-functional core materials with various branch cell reagents. The branch cell reagents are dimensionally large, relative to the amino/polyamino-initiator core and when reacted, produce generation=1 dendrimers directly in one step. There is also a method by which the dendrimers can be stabilized and that method is the reaction of the dendrimers with surface reactive molecules to pacify the reactive groups on the dendrimers.
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- DENDRITIC POLYMERS WITH ENHANCED AMPLIFICATION AND INTERIOR FUNCTIONALITY
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Dendritic polymers with enhanced amplification and interior functionality are disclosed. These dendritic polymers are made by use of fast, reactive ring-opening chemistry (or other fast reactions) combined with the use of branch cell reagents in a controlled way to rapidly and precisely build dendritic structures, generation by generation, with cleaner chemistry, often single products, lower excesses of reagents, lower levels of dilution, higher capacity method, more easily scaled to commercial dimensions, new ranges of materials, and lower cost. The dendritic compositions prepared have novel internal functionality, greater stability (e.g., thermal stability and less or no reverse Michael's reaction), and reach encapsulation surface densities at lower generations. Unexpectedly, these reactions of polyfunctional branch cell reagents with polyfunctional cores do not create cross-linked materials. Such dendritic polymers are useful as demulsifiers for oil/water emulsions, wet strength agents in the manufacture of paper, proton scavengers, polymers, nanoscale monomers, calibration standards for electron microscopy, making size selective membranes, and agents for modifying viscosity in aqueous formulations such as paint. When these dendritic polymers have a carried material associated with their surface and/or interior, then these dendritic polymers have additional properties for carrying materials due to the unique characteristics of the dendritic polymer, such as for drug delivery, transfection, and diagnostics.
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Page/Page column 72-73
(2010/11/24)
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- Synthesis of new pentaerythritol-based gemini surfactants
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New dimeric or gemini surfactants bearing double-chain with two or four sulfonate groups, and quadruple-chain with four sulfonate groups, were prepared from pentaerythritol in good overall yields. All these surfactants showed excellent surface-active prop
- Murguía,Grau
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p. 1229 - 1232
(2007/10/03)
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