- Flupirtine and retigabine as templates for ligand-based drug design of KV7.2/3 activators
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Drug induced liver injury (DILI) and tissue discoloration led to the recent discontinuation of the therapeutic use of the closely related drugs flupirtine and retigabine, respectively. Experience gained with these drugs strongly suggests that heterotetramer, voltage-gated potassium channels 2 and 3 (KV7.2/3) are valid targets for effective treatment of pain and epilepsy. Because the adverse effects are not related to the mechanism of action, it appears promising to investigate chemical modifications of these clinically validated, drug-like leads. In the present retro-metabolic drug design study, a series of 43 compounds were synthesized and characterized with regard to KV7.2/3 opening activity and efficacy. The most active compound 22d displays excellent potency (EC50 = 4 nM) and efficacy (154%) as a KV7.2/3 opener. Limited aqueous solubility hampered toxicity testing at concentrations higher than 63 μM, but this concentration was nontoxic to two hepatocellular cell lines (HEP-G2 and TAMH) in culture. The slightly less active but more soluble compound 25b (EC50 = 11 nM, efficacy 111%) showed an improved toxicity/activity ratio compared to flupirtine by three orders of magnitude and represents an attractive lead structure for the development of safer analgesics and antiepileptics.
- Surur, Abdrrahman S.,Bock, Christian,Beirow, Kristin,Wurm, Konrad,Schulig, Lukas,Kindermann, Markus K.,Siegmund, Werner,Bednarski, Patrick J.,Link, Andreas
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p. 4512 - 4522
(2019/05/17)
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- A flupirtin derivative and its inorganic acid salt preparation method (by machine translation)
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The invention relates to a kind of flupirtine derivative and its inorganic acid salt of the preparation method, the [...] derivatives by the following chemical formula 1 that: The [...] derivative is maleic acid flupirtin synthesis process and/or storage of produced in the process of an important impurity. The preparation method according to this application, and may be the above-mentioned yield of flupirtine derivative and its inorganic acid salt, each step of the reaction yield can be up to 55% or more. (by machine translation)
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Paragraph 0052-0056; 0065-0067; 0076-0078
(2019/10/22)
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- Method for preparing flupirtine hydrochloride
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The invention discloses a method for preparing flupirtine hydrochloride. The method comprises the following steps: adopting 2,6-dichloro-3-nitropyridine as an initial material, performing ammonolysis,substituting fluorobenzylamine, purifying, hydrogenating, performing acylation reaction, filtering, precipitating crystals and decompression drying to obtain the flupirtine hydrochloride. The methodis simple in operation, capable of simultaneously performing the hydrogenation and acylation reaction, capable of avoiding the deterioration of polyamino pyridine derivatives as far as possible, capable of titrating ethyl chloroformate without opening a kettle cover, and capable of reducing the harm on the human body.
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- Discovery of Aromatic Carbamates that Confer Neuroprotective Activity by Enhancing Autophagy and Inducing the Anti-Apoptotic Protein B-Cell Lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)
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Neurodegenerative diseases share certain pathophysiological hallmarks that represent common targets for drug discovery. In particular, dysfunction of proteostasis and the resultant apoptotic death of neurons represent common pathways for pharmacological intervention. A library of aromatic carbamate derivatives based on the clinically available drug flupirtine was synthesized to determine a structure-activity relationship for neuroprotective activity. Several derivatives were identified that possess greater protective effect in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons, protecting up to 80% of neurons against etoposide-induced apoptosis at concentrations as low as 100 nM. The developed aromatic carbamates possess physicochemical properties desirable for CNS therapeutics. The primary known mechanisms of action of the parent scaffold are not responsible for the observed neuroprotective activity. Herein, we demonstrate that neuroprotective aromatic carbamates function to increase the Bcl-2/Bax ratio to an antiapoptotic state and activate autophagy through induction of beclin 1.
- Kinarivala, Nihar,Patel, Ronak,Boustany, Rose-Mary,Al-Ahmad, Abraham,Trippier, Paul C.
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p. 9739 - 9756
(2017/12/26)
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- QUINOLIUM CONJUGATES OF CYCLOSPORIN
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The present invention relates to conjugates of cyclosporin with quinolium mitochondrial targeting groups, and their therapeutic uses.
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- Synthesis method for flupirtine maleate compound
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The invention discloses a synthesis method for a flupirtine maleate compound. The method comprises the steps that 2-amino-3-nitro-6-chloropyridine (a first compound) is used as a starting material to react with fluorobenzylamine (a second compound) to generate 2-amino-3-nitro-6-p-fluorobenzylamine pyridine (a third compound), the third compound is processed through di-tert-butyl dicarbonate ester protection to obtain 2-amino-3-nitro-6-p-fluorobenzylamine pyridine-3-based-tert-butyl acetate (a fourth compound), the fourth compound is processed through hydrogenation reduction and then react with ethyl chloroformate, after reacting is finished, deprotection is performed to obtain flupirtine hydrochloride (a fifth compound), and the fifth compound is salified with maleic acid to obtain flupirtine maleate (the sixth compound). According to the synthesis method, the starting material is cheap and easy to obtain, byproduct generation is avoided through amino protection, therefore, the impurity content is decreased, and the product quality is improved; catalytic reduction is performed by adopting palladium chloride, the reaction condition is mild, the reaction process is easy to operate, and the method is suitable for industrial production.
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Paragraph 0013; 0027; 0028
(2016/12/01)
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- A method for synthesis of flupirtine maleate
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The invention provides a synthesis method of flupirtine maleate. Recrystallization by use of methanol is carried out in the refining step of the crude product of the flupirtine maleate so that the product is white in appearance and high in purity, and the crystal form of the product is pure A crystal and same as the crystal form of the commercial products. The optimal reaction solvent, reaction time and reaction temperature are explored and found out by use of a simplified process flow, and a method for preparing the flupirtine maleate in the pure A crystal form, which is high in yield, low in cost and simple to operate, uses easily available raw materials and is applicable to the industrial production is found.
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Paragraph 0033 - 0037
(2016/10/09)
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- COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR THE TREATMENT OF NEUROLOGIC DISEASES
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The invention relates to the compounds of formula I or its pharmaceutical acceptable salts, as well as polymorphs, solvates, enantiomers, stereoisomers and hydrates thereof. The pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of compounds of formula I, and methods for the treatment of neurologic diseases may be formulated for oral, buccal, rectal, topical, transdermal, transmucosal, intravenous, parenteral administration, syrup, or injection. Such compositions may be used to treatment of epilepsy, migraine, neuropathic pain, post herpetic neuralgia, pain, Creutzfeld-Jakob disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Batten disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease (PD), restless legs syndrome (RLS), cluster headache, depression, fibromyalgia, sexual dysfunction, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease, autism, bipolar disorder and anxiety disorder, trigeminal neuralgia, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, neuropathic pain, seizures, bipolar disorder and mania.
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- AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF FLUPIRTINE AND PHARMACEUTICALLY ACCEPTABLE SALTS THEREOF
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The invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of flupirtine (I) and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, especially of flupirtine maleate (IA), and pure crystal modification A of flupirtine maleate.
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- Isolation, structure, synthesis and cytotoxicity of an unprecedented flupirtine dimer
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A previously unknown dimer of the well-established analgesic flupirtine has been found, and its structure was revealed by ESI-MS, NMR spectroscopy and an independent synthesis. Thus, starting from 2-amino-6-chloro-3-nitro-pyridine the target compound was obtained in a four-step synthesis. Key-step of this synthesis is a nickel-mediated aryl-aryl coupling. The dimer 4 did not show any cytotoxicity, and its IC50 values were > 30 μm for all six human cancer cell lines and mouse fibroblasts used in this study.
- Csuk, Rene,Sommerwerk, Sven,Wiese, Jana,Wagner, Christoph,Siewert, Bianka,Kluge, Ralph,Stroehl, Dieter
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p. 1297 - 1304
(2013/02/23)
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- PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF FLUPIRTINE MALEATE
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The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of flupirtine maleate, Flupirtine.
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Page/Page column 39
(2012/02/01)
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- Synthesis and quantitative structure-activity relationships of anticonvulsant 2,3,6-triaminopyridines
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The synthesis of 2,3,6-triaminopyridine derivatives, representing a unique chemical structure for anticonvulsants, is described. The synthetic program was performed (a) to identify more potent analogs, (b) to determine structural properties controlling potency as well as neurotoxicity, and (c) to reduce the requirements for animal testing. As a result, besides other structural properties, the overall molecular lipophilicity (log k', octanol- coated column) explained changes in anticonvulsant potency and neurotoxicity. Mimicking the interaction of the amphiphilic triaminopyridines with biological membranes, NMR experiments in the presence of lecithin vesicles were conducted in order to measure the phospholipid-binding parameter log Δ(1/T2). Replacement of log k' with log Δ(1/T2) in the correlation analysis afforded a more significant equation describing the anticonvulsant activity of 21 derivatives.
- Seydel,Schaper,Coats,Cordes
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p. 3016 - 3022
(2007/10/02)
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- New triaminopyridines with a central analgesic activity
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2-Amino-3-((prop-1-en-3-yl) oxycarbonylamino)-6-(4-fluorobenzyl amino)pyridine hydrochloride (D-19050) is a centrally and peripherally acting analgesic with rapid onset, long duration of action and a good therapeutic range. D-19050 can be obtained in a 5-step-synthesis starting from 2,6-dichloropyridine.
- Emig,Nickel,Weischer,Szelenyi,Engel
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p. 627 - 631
(2007/10/02)
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