- Method for preparing formamide compound by using MCOF to catalyze CO2 as carbon source at normal temperature and pressure
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The invention provides a method for preparing a formamide compound by using MCOF to catalyze CO2 as a carbon source at normal temperature and pressure, and belongs to the technical field of chemistry and chemical engineering. Under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure, CO2 is used as a carbon source to realize N-formylation reaction of various amine substrates. The method has the advantages that the reaction system uses the metal ion-doped two-dimensional covalent organic framework MCOF as the catalyst, CO2 is reduced at normal temperature and normal pressure to provide acyl, high-pressure hydrogen and toxic CO are prevented from being used, and the reaction conditions are mild (normal temperature and normal pressure). According to the method for preparing the formamide, the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide serves as a carbon source, the cost is low, operation is easy, reaction conditions are mild (normal temperature and normal pressure), the yield of the prepared formamide product is excellent (99%), and a green synthesis method is provided for N-acylation reaction.
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Paragraph 0033
(2021/06/09)
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- Tetracoordinate borates as catalysts for reductive formylation of amines with carbon dioxide
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We report sodium trihydroxyaryl borates as the first robust tetracoordinate organoboron catalysts for reductive functionalization of CO2. These catalysts, easily synthesized from condensing boronic acids with metal hydroxides, activate main group element-hydrogen (E-H) bonds efficiently. In contrast to BX3 type boranes, boronic acids and metal-BAr4 salts, under transition metal-free conditions, sodium trihydroxyaryl borates exhibit high reactivity of reductive N-formylation toward a variety of amines (106 examples), including those with functional groups such as ester, olefin, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, halogen, MeS-, ether groups, etc. The over-performance to catalyze formylation of challenging pyridyl amines affords a promising alternative method to the use of traditional formylation reagents. Mechanistic investigation supports electrostatic interactions as the key for Si/B-H activation, enabling alkali metal borates as versatile catalysts for hydroborylation, hydrosilylation, and reductive formylation/methylation of CO2.
- Du, Chen-Xia,Huang, Zijun,Jiang, Xiaolin,Li, Yuehui,Makha, Mohamed,Wang, Fang,Zhao, Dongmei
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supporting information
p. 5317 - 5324
(2020/09/17)
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- Synthesis of silyl formates, formamides, and aldehydesviasolvent-free organocatalytic hydrosilylation of CO2
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Carbon dioxide (CO2) was used as a C1 source to prepare silyl formates, formamides, and aldehydes. Tetrabutylammonium acetate (TBAA) catalyzed the solvent-freeN-formylation of amines with CO2and hydrosilane to give formamides including Weinreb formamide, Me(MeO)NCHO, which was successively converted into aldehydes by one-pot reactions with Grignard reagents.
- Ema, Tadashi,Hasegawa, Jun-Ya,Hiyoshi, Mahoko,Murata, Takumi,Ratanasak, Manussada
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supporting information
p. 5783 - 5786
(2020/06/03)
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- Zinc Powder Catalysed Formylation and Urealation of Amines Using CO2 as a C1 Building Block?
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Transformation of CO2 into valuable organic compounds catalysed by cheap and biocompatible metal catalysts is one of important topics of current organic synthesis and catalysis. Herein, we report the zinc powder catalysed formylation and urealation of amines with CO2 and (EtO)3SiH under solvent free condition. Using 2 molpercent zinc powder as the catalyst, a series of secondary amines, both the aromatic ones and the aliphatic ones, can be formylated into formamides. When primary aromatic amines were used as the substrates, the reactions produce urea derivatives. The electronic and steric effects from the substrates on the formylation and urealation reactions were observed and discussed. The recovery and reusability of zinc powder were investigated, showing the zinc powder can be reused in the formylation reaction without loss of catalytic activity. The analysis on the reactants/products mixture after filtering out the zinc powder showed the zinc concentration in the mixture is low to 1 ppm. The pathways for the formylation and urealation of amines with this catalytic system were also investigated, and related to the different substrates.
- Du, Chongyang,Chen, Yaofeng
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p. 1057 - 1064
(2020/06/30)
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- Catalyst-free selective: N -formylation and N -methylation of amines using CO2 as a sustainable C1 source
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We herein describe catalyst-free selective N-formylation and N-methylation of amines using CO2 as a sustainable C1 source. By tuning the reaction solvent and temperature, the selective synthesis of formamides and methylamines is achieved in good to excellent yields using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a sustainable reductant.
- Zou, Qizhuang,Long, Guangcai,Zhao, Tianxiang,Hu, Xingbang
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supporting information
p. 1134 - 1138
(2020/03/11)
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- Alkyl-substituted ethyl acetate-based guanidine ionic liquid as well as preparation and application thereof
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The invention discloses alkyl-substituted ethyl acetate-based guanidine ionic liquid as well as preparation and application thereof, which are characterized in that tetramethylguanidine and 2-bromo ester are ionized to obtain alkyl-substituted ethyl acetate-based guanidine ionic liquid, and the alkyl-substituted ethyl acetate-based guanidine ionic liquid is applied as a catalyst to formylation and methylation reactions of carbon dioxide, N-methylaniline and derivatives of the N-methylaniline to selectively generate N-methylformylaniline or N, N-dimethylaniline and derivatives thereof. Compared with the prior art, the alkyl-substituted ethyl acetate-based guanidine ionic liquid has the advantages of good catalytic performance, mild reaction conditions, simple post-treatment, simple synthesis, low cost, greenness and high efficiency, avoids the use of a large amount of organic solvents when being used as a solvent and a catalyst at the same time, and has important meanings in the research of medicinal chemistry and medical intermediate compounds.
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Paragraph 0034-0037
(2020/07/21)
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- Highly Efficient Binuclear Copper-catalyzed Oxidation of N,N-Dimethylanilines with O2
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A binuclear copper-salicylate complex, [Cu(Sal)2(NCMe)]2 (Sal=salicylate), was found to be an active catalyst for the oxidation of N,N-dimethylanilines by O2, affording the corresponding N-methyl-N-phenylformamides as major products. The reactions were carried out with a O2 balloon and the S/C (substrate/catalyst ratio) of the model reaction could be up to 1×105, providing a practical and highly efficient catalytic protocol for accessing N-methyl-N-phenylformamides.
- Liu, Yuxia,Yan, Yonggang,Xue, Dong,Wang, Zhongfu,Xiao, Jianliang,Wang, Chao
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p. 2221 - 2225
(2020/03/23)
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- An efficient method for the N-formylation of amines under catalyst- and additive-free conditions
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A simple catalyst- and additive-free method for the N-formylation of amines has been developed. The advantages of this protocol include a wide range of functional group tolerance, high efficiency and a lack of required extra promoters under mild conditions. This convenient strategy will provide a facile synthesis towards N-formamide natural products and pharmaceutical derivatives. A mechanism that involves difluorocarbene is proposed for this reaction.
- Xu, Zhuo-Wei,Xu, Wen-Yi,Pei, Xiao-Jun,Tang, Fei,Feng, Yi-Si
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supporting information
p. 1254 - 1258
(2019/04/10)
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- Unexpected Macrocyclic Multinuclear Zinc and Nickel Complexes that Function as Multitasking Catalysts for CO2 Fixations
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Unique self-assembled macrocyclic multinuclear ZnII and NiII complexes with binaphthyl-bipyridyl ligands (L) were synthesized. X-ray analysis revealed that these complexes consisted of an outer ring (Zn3L3 or Ni3L3) and an inner core (Zn2 or Ni). In the ZnII complex, the inner Zn2 part rotated rapidly inside the outer ring in solution on an NMR timescale. These complexes exhibited dual catalytic activities for CO2 fixations: synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO2 and temperature-switched N-formylation/N-methylation of amines with CO2 and hydrosilane.
- Takaishi, Kazuto,Nath, Bikash Dev,Yamada, Yuya,Kosugi, Hiroyasu,Ema, Tadashi
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supporting information
p. 9984 - 9988
(2019/06/24)
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- Catalytic and stoichiometric oxidation of N,N-dimethylanilines mediated by nonheme oxoiron(IV) complex with tetrapyridyl ligand
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Nonheme iron(II) complex, [(N4Py*)FeII(CH3CN)](ClO4)2 (1) with pentadentate tetrapyridyl ligand (N4Py* = N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,2-di(2-pyridyl)ethylamine) has been shown to catalyze the oxidation of N,N-dimethylaniline (DMA) with H2O2, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP), peracetic acid (PAA), meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA) and PhIO resulting N-methylaniline (MA) as the predominant product with N-methylformanilide (MFA) as a result of a free-radical chain process. The product composition (MA/MFA) is remarkably influenced by the electron density on the substrate, especially in the 1/mCPBA system, and by the co-oxidants used. No formation of MFA occurred when the oxidation of DMA was carried out in the presence of 1 with PhIO as co-oxidants under argon. Based on spectral investigation (UV–Vis) of reaction systems above, oxoiron(IV) intermediate, [FeIV(N4Py*)(O)]2+ (2) has been suggested to be the key active species of the N-dealkylation reaction in all catalytic systems. The shift in the λmax value of the oxoiron(IV) species in the presence of DMA from 705 to 750 nm, and the new intense absorption in the range of 5–600 nm indicates a complexation and charge-transfer (CT) type interactions between the oxidant and substrate. The stoichiometric oxidation of various N,N-dimethylaniline derivatives with 2 provided clear evidence (Hammett correlation with ρ = ?1.99, and the large negative slope (?4.1) from the logkobs versus Eoox (DMAs) plot) for the rate-determining electron transfer (ET) followed by a proton transfer (PT) process.
- Lakk-Bogáth, Dóra,Kripli, Balázs,Meena, Bashdar I.,Speier, Gábor,Kaizer, József
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p. 169 - 175
(2019/05/29)
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- N-aryl formamide prepared by using ethyl bromodifluoroacetate as formylating reagent
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The invention discloses a compound of N-aryl formamide prepared by using ethyl bromodifluoroacetate as a formylating reagent. The compound is prepared by using N-alkyl arylamine as a raw material, ethyl bromodifluoroacetate as a formylating reagent and copper as a catalyst, adding different ligands, bases, etc., performing reaction under stirring in a reaction solvent at 100-120 DEG C for 10-14 hours; then filtering the reaction solution to obtain filtrate after reaction ending; concentrating the filtrate, removing the solvent by using a rotary evaporator to obtain a residue, treating the residue by silica gel column chromatography, eluting with an eluent, collecting the effluent according to the actual gradient; combining the effluent containing the product, concentrating the combined effluent to remove the solvent, and performing vacuum drying to obtain the target product. The compound has the advantages of simple and easily obtained raw materials, simple preparation process, less pollution, low energy consumption and high yield.
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Paragraph 0027
(2018/12/02)
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- Copper-Catalyzed N-Formylation of Amines through Tandem Amination/Hydrolysis/Decarboxylation Reaction of Ethyl Bromodifluoroacetate
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Ethyl bromodifluoroacetate (BrCF2COOEt) was first used as the N-formylating reagent in the copper-catalyzed N-formylation of amines. A range of primary, secondary, cyclic arylamines, and aliphatic amines underwent the N-formylation smoothly to furnish the N-formamides in moderate-to-excellent yields.
- Li, Xiao-Fang,Zhang, Xing-Guo,Chen, Fan,Zhang, Xiao-Hong
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p. 12815 - 12821
(2018/10/20)
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- Method for synthesizing N-aryl formamide compound
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A method for synthesizing an N-aryl formamide compound comprises the following steps: putting an N, N-dimethylaniline compound, cuprous chloride, sodium tetrafluoroborate and salicylic acid in an organic solvent in an oxygen atmosphere, reacting for 0.5-4
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Paragraph 0026; 0030
(2018/12/02)
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- Visible-light-induced oxidative formylation of N-alkyl-N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)anilines with molecular oxygen in the absence of an external photosensitizer
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Visible-light-induced oxidative formylation of N-alkyl-N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)anilines with molecular oxygen in the absence of an external photosensitizer was developed and afforded the corresponding formamides in good yields under mild conditions. The investigation of the mechanism disclosed that both the starting material and the product act as photosensitizers, and 1O2 and O2- are generated through energy transfer and a single electron transfer pathway and play an important role in the reaction.
- Ji, Wangqin,Li, Pinhua,Yang, Shuai,Wang, Lei
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supporting information
p. 8482 - 8485
(2017/08/03)
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- Cooperative Catalytic Activation of Si?H Bonds: CO2-Based Synthesis of Formamides from Amines and Hydrosilanes under Mild Conditions
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A simple cooperative catalytic system was successfully developed for the solvent-free N-formylation of amines with CO2 and hydrosilanes under ambient conditions, which was composed of a Zn(salen) catalyst and quaternary ammonium salt. These commercially available binary components activated the Si?H bonds effectively, owing to the intermolecular synergistic effect between Lewis base and transition metal center (LB–TM), and subsequently facilitated the insertion of CO2 to form the active silyl formats, thereby leading to excellent catalytic performance at a low catalyst loading. Furthermore, the bifunctional Zn(salen) complexes, with two imidazolium-based ionic-liquid (IL) units at the 3,3′-position of salen ligand, acted as intramolecularly cooperative catalysts, and the solvent-regulated separation resulted in facile catalyst recycling and reuse.
- Luo, Rongchang,Lin, Xiaowei,Chen, Yaju,Zhang, Wuying,Zhou, Xiantai,Ji, Hongbing
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p. 1224 - 1232
(2017/03/29)
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- Catalyst-free: N -formylation of amines using BH3NH3 and CO2 under mild conditions
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The catalyst-free N-formylation of amines using CO2 as the C1 source and BH3NH3 as the reductant has been developed for the first time. The corresponding formylated products of both primary and secondary amines are obtained in good to excellent yields (up to 96% of isolated yield) under mild conditions.
- Zhao, Tian-Xiang,Zhai, Gao-Wen,Liang, Jian,Li, Ping,Hu, Xing-Bang,Wu, You-Ting
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supporting information
p. 8046 - 8049
(2017/07/22)
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- Electrostatic Catalyst Generated from Diazadiborinine for Carbonyl Reduction
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Since the seminal discovery by van der Waals in the late 19th century that weak attractive forces exist between even electrically neutral atoms or molecules, a number of noncovalent interactions have been recognized. Among them, electrostatic interactions such as hydrogen bonds play pivotal roles in countless chemical processes and biochemical living systems. By mimicking biocatalysis, various organocatalysts equipped with hydrogen-bond functionality have been developed; however, a challenge has persisted in designing catalysts exploiting other types of noncovalent interactions. Here, we report metal-free hydroboration reactions of carbonyl compounds and CO2 catalyzed by aromatic diazadiborinine. A joint experimental and computational study on the reaction mechanism suggests that adducts of diazadiborinine with carbonyl and CO2 formed at the initial stage of the reactions serve as actual catalysts. The former stabilizes the transition state by using the electrostatic interaction between the hydride of borane and the polar, hole-shaped structure of the adduct.
- Wu, Di,Wang, Ruixing,Li, Yongxin,Ganguly, Rakesh,Hirao, Hajime,Kinjo, Rei
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supporting information
p. 134 - 151
(2017/07/17)
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- Photoinduced Oxidative Formylation of N,N-Dimethylanilines with Molecular Oxygen without External Photocatalyst
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A photoinduced oxidative formylation of N,N-dimethylanilines with molecular oxygen in the absence of an external photocatalyst was developed and provided the corresponding formamides in good yields under mild reaction conditions. Investigations indicated that both the starting material and product act as photosensitizers and that 1O2 coexists with O2?- during the reaction through energy transfer and single electron transfer process.
- Yang, Shuai,Li, Pinhua,Wang, Zhihui,Wang, Lei
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supporting information
p. 3386 - 3389
(2017/07/15)
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- Preparation method of N-formamide compound
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The invention discloses a preparation method of an N-formamide compound. The preparation method includes the steps that carbon dioxide and organic amine serve as raw materials, hydrogen-containing silane is added to serve as a reducing agent, a 0.1-1.0mol% salen type metal complex serve as a catalyst, and an N-formamide organic compound is synthesized at the pressure of 0.1-5.0 MPa and the temperature of 25-100 DEG C with a cocatalyst added or not; after the reaction is finished, an organic solvent is added, centrifugation is carried out, the catalyst is separated out, the solvent is removed from supernatant liquid through rotary evaporation, and then the N-formamide compound is obtained. The preparation method has the advantages that the reaction conditions are mild, it is unnecessary to add any organic solvent, operation is easy, catalytic activity is high, and substrate compatibility is good, and the preparation method accords with the environment-friendly synthesis process and is suitable for industrial production. Besides, the catalytic system can be conveniently separated from the reaction system by adding the solvent, and the catalyst can be recycled.
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Paragraph 0040; 0041; 0042; 0043
(2017/04/28)
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- Selective formylation and methylation of amines using carbon dioxide and hydrosilane catalyzed by alkali-Metal carbonates
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The formylation and methylation of amines with carbon dioxide and hydrosilanes are emerging yet important types of transformations for CO2. Catalytic methods effective for both reactions with wide substrate scopes are rare because of the difficulty in controlling the selectivity. Herein, we report that simple and readily available inorganic bases alkali-metal carbonates, especially cesium carbonatecatalyze both the formylation and methylation reactions efficiently under mild conditions. The selectivity can be conveniently controlled by varying the reaction temperature and silane. A “cesium effect” on both reactions was observed by comparing the catalytic activity of various alkali-metal carbonates. Combined experimental and computational studies suggested the following reaction mechanism: (i) activation of Si?H by Cs2CO3, (ii) insertion of CO2 into Si?H, (iii) formylation of amines by silyl formate, and (iv) reduction of formamides to methylamines.
- Fang, Chi,Lu, Chunlei,Liu, Muhua,Zhu, Yiling,Fu, Yao,Lin, Bo-Lin
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p. 7876 - 7881
(2018/05/23)
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- Biomass-derived γ-valerolactone as an efficient solvent and catalyst for the transformation of CO2 to formamides
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Efficient conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into valuable chemicals is a very attractive topic. Herein, we conducted the first work on the utilization of biomass-derived γ-valerolactone (GVL) as the solvent and catalyst for transformation of CO2 with various primary and secondary amines in the presence of phenylsilane (PhSiH3), and the corresponding desired formamides were produced with high yields without any additional catalyst. Systematic studies indicated that the lactone structure of GVL played a key role in the formation of the active silyl formates and the activation of N-H bonds in amines, thus leading to the excellent performance of GVL for the catalytic reactions.
- Song, Jinliang,Zhou, Baowen,Liu, Huizhen,Xie, Chao,Meng, Qinglei,Zhang, Zhanrong,Han, Buxing
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supporting information
p. 3956 - 3961
(2016/07/21)
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- Hydrophosphination of CO2 and Subsequent Formate Transfer in the 1,3,2-Diazaphospholene-Catalyzed N-Formylation of Amines
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Hydrophosphination of CO2 with 1,3,2-Diazaphospholene (NHP-H; 1) afforded phosphorus formate (NHP-OCOH; 2) through the formation of a bond between the electrophilic phosphorus atom in 1 and the oxygen atom from CO2, along with hydride transfer to the carbon atom of CO2. Transfer of the formate from 2 to Ph2SiH2 produced Ph2Si(OCHO)2 (3) in a reaction that could be carried out in a catalytic manner by using 5 mol % of 1. These elementary reactions were applied to the metal-free catalytic N-formylation of amine derivatives with CO2 in one pot under ambient conditions.
- Chong, Che Chang,Kinjo, Rei
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supporting information
p. 12116 - 12120
(2015/10/12)
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- Redox inactive metal ion triggered N-dealkylation by an iron catalyst with dioxygen activation: A lesson from lipoxygenases
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Utilization of dioxygen as the terminal oxidant at ambient temperature is always a challenge in redox chemistry, because it is hard to oxidize a stable redox metal ion like iron(iii) to its high oxidation state to initialize the catalytic cycle. Inspired by the dioxygenation and co-oxidase activity of lipoxygenases, herein, we introduce an alternative protocol to activate the sluggish iron(iii) species with non-redox metal ions, which can promote its oxidizing power to facilitate substrate oxidation with dioxygen, thus initializing the catalytic cycle. In oxidations of N,N-dimethylaniline and its analogues, adding Zn(OTf)2 to the [Fe(TPA)Cl2]Cl catalyst can trigger the amine oxidation with dioxygen, whereas [Fe(TPA)Cl2]Cl alone is very sluggish. In stoichiometric oxidations, it has also been confirmed that the presence of Zn(OTf)2 can apparently improve the electron transfer capability of the [Fe(TPA)Cl2]Cl complex. Experiments using different types of substrates as trapping reagents disclosed that the iron(iv) species does not occur in the catalytic cycle, suggesting that oxidation of amines is initialized by electron transfer rather than hydrogen abstraction. Combined experiments from UV-Vis, high resolution mass spectrometry, electrochemistry, EPR and oxidation kinetics support that the improved electron transfer ability of iron(iii) species originates from its interaction with added Lewis acids like Zn2+ through a plausible chloride or OTf- bridge, which has promoted the redox potential of iron(iii) species. The amine oxidation mechanism was also discussed based on the available data, which resembles the co-oxidase activity of lipoxygenases in oxidative dealkylation of xenobiotic metabolisms where an external electron donor is not essential for dioxygen activation.
- Zhang, Jisheng,Wang, Yujuan,Luo, Nengchao,Chen, Zhuqi,Wu, Kangbing,Yin, Guochuan
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p. 9847 - 9859
(2015/06/08)
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- Fluoro-functionalized polymeric N-heterocyclic carbene-zinc complexes: Efficient catalyst for formylation and methylation of amines with CO2 as a C1-building block
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A fluoro-functionalized polymeric N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-Zn complex (F-PNHC-Zn) was designed and synthesized by taking fluorous imidazolium salts as precursors through a two-step alkylation. The resultant F-PNHC-Zn was applied in catalyzing the formylation and methylation of amines using CO2 as a C1 building block in the presence of organosilane, which showed much higher activity than the corresponding non-fluorous PNHC-Zn under identical conditions. N-Methylanilines with both electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups all could be converted to the corresponding formamides and methylamines in >90% conversion. Quantitative conversion of N-methylaniline was obtained even under very low CO2 pressure (0.05 MPa diluted by N2). Moreover, F-PNHC-Zn was highly stable and easily recyclable for these reactions. This journal is
- Yang, Zhen-Zhen,Yu, Bo,Zhang, Hongye,Zhao, Yanfei,Ji, Guipeng,Liu, Zhimin
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p. 19613 - 19619
(2015/06/09)
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- Direct condensation of functionalized sp3 carbons with formanilides for enamine synthesis using an in situ generated HMDS amide catalyst
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The efficient synthesis of functionalized enamines including β-enaminoesters was effectively accomplished by the direct condensation of functionalized sp3 carbanions such as acetates with formamides using in situ generated HMDS base from catalytic cesium fluoride and stoichiometric tristrimethylsilylamine. This journal is the Partner Organisations 2014.
- Taneda, Hiroshi,Inamoto, Kiyofumi,Kondo, Yoshinori
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p. 6523 - 6525
(2014/06/09)
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- Catalysed anti-Markovnikov oxidation of terminal aryl alkenes to aldehydes and transformation of methyl aryl tertiary amines to formamides with H2O2 as a terminal oxidant
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Anti-Markovnikov oxidation of terminal aryl alkenes to aldehydes and transformation of N-methyl aryl tertiary amines to formamides with H2O2 as a terminal oxidant under mild conditions have been achieved with moderate to good product yields using [FeIII(TF4DMAP)OTf] as catalyst. This journal is
- Du, Yi-Dan,Tse, Chun-Wai,Xu, Zhen-Jiang,Liu, Yungen,Che, Chi-Ming
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supporting information
p. 12669 - 12672
(2015/05/20)
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- SMALL ORGANIC MOLECULE REGULATORS OF CELL PROLIFERATION
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The present invention makes available methods and reagents for modulating proliferation or differentiation in a cell or tissue comprising contacting the cell with a compound. In certain embodiments, the methods and reagents may be employed to correct or inhibit an aberrant or unwanted growth state, e.g., by antagonizing a normal patched pathway or agonizing smoothened or hedgehog activity.
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Page/Page column 229-230
(2008/12/05)
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- SMALL ORGANIC MOLECULE REGULATORS OF CELL PROLIFERATION
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The present invention makes available methods and reagents for modulating proliferation or differentiation in a cell or tissue comprising contacting the cell with a compound. In certain embodiments, the methods and reagents may be employed to correct or inhibit an aberrant or unwanted growth state, e.g., by antagonizing a normal patched pathway or agonizing smoothened orhedgehog activity.
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Page/Page column 229-230
(2008/12/05)
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- SMALL ORGANIC MOLECULE REGULATORS OF CELL PROLIFERATION
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The present invention makes available methods and reagents for modulating proliferation or differentiation in a cell or tissue comprising contacting the cell with a compound. In certain embodiments, the methods and reagents may be employed to correct or inhibit an aberrant or unwanted growth state, e.g., by antagonizing a normal patched pathway or agonizing smoothened orhedgehog activity.
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Page/Page column 229-230
(2008/12/05)
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- PROCESSES FOR THE PREPARATION OF COMPOUNDS
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The present invention provides improved synthetic methods for the preparation of compounds that modulate proliferation or differentiation in a cell or tissue.
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Page/Page column 141-142
(2010/11/28)
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- Cationic Carbon to Nitrogen Rearrangements in the Reactions of N-(Sulfonyloxy)amines with Aldehydes
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A series of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes was reacted with N-((p-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)oxy)methylamine in chloroform.Products resulting from both carbon migration and hydride migration to nitrogen were isolated.The ratios of carbon to hydride migration products were used to clarify the reaction mechanism.The results support a two-step process in which cationic carbon to nitrogen rearrangements is rate determining.
- Hoffman, Robert V.,Salvador, James M.
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p. 4487 - 4490
(2007/10/02)
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