- USE OF THE STAUDINGER LIGATION IN IN VIVO ASSEMBLY OF A BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUND
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The invention provides methods and tools for the in vivo self-assembly of drugs. This makes it possible to reduce problems associated with the lack of selectivity, reduced solubility and other disadvantages of intact drugs.
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Page/Page column 23
(2008/06/13)
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- Aminopterin dosage forms and methods for inflammatory disorders
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Embodiments of the present invention provide dosage forms and methods for treating a patient with an inflammatory disorder with a therapeutically effective amount of aminopterin, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, that achieve efficacy without concomitant toxicity. Within certain embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating an inflammatory disorder in a patient with uninterrupted doses of aminopterin.
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Page/Page column 12
(2008/06/13)
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- Compositions and methods employing aminopterin
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The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing the antifolate aminopterin, processes for making the compositions, and methods of using them to treat disorders in adult and pediatric patients. Pharmaceutical compositions substantially free of impurities are provided comprising a therapeutically effective amount of aminopterin, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Relative to the teachings of the prior art, the disclosed methods and compositions provide unexpected improvements that include a greater interpatient oral bioavailability in pediatric patients, a smaller interpatient coefficient of variation of oral bioavailability, a smaller mean intrapatient coefficient of variation of oral bioavailability, a greater therapeutic index, a smaller coefficient of variation of toxicity, efficacy in combination therapy, and efficacy of certain polyglutamated metabolites.
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Page/Page column 17
(2008/06/13)
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- Design and synthesis of dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors encompassing a bridging ester group. Evaluation in a mouse colitis model
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Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by inflammation of both the small and large intestines. Methotrexate (MTX), a classical dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitor, has been used as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of patients with Crohn's disease in recent years. We sought to develop antifolates similar in structure to MTX that would be effective in reducing inflammation in a mouse disease model of colitis. Four classical DHFR inhibitors encompassing ester bridges in the central parts of the molecules were synthesized. These antifolates were efficient inhibitors of the DHFR enzyme derived from rat. They were also tested in vitro for their ability to inhibit induced proliferation of lymphocytes from mouse spleen. Inhibition of cell proliferation was achieved only in the micromolar range, whereas MTX was effective at low nanomolar concentrations. One of the DHFR inhibitors (1), with an IC50 value for rlDHFR approximately 8 times higher than that of methotrexate, was selected for in vivo experiments in an experimental colitis model in mice. This compound demonstrated a clear antiinflammatory effect after topical administration, comparable to the effect achieved with the glucocorticoid budesonide. Three parameters were evaluated in this model: myeloperoxidase activity, colon weight, and inflammation scoring. A favorable in vivo effect of compound 1 (15 mg/(kg·day)) was observed in all three inflammatory parameters. However, the results cannot be explained fully by DHFR inhibition or by inhibition of lymphocyte cell proliferation, suggesting that other yet unidentified mechanisms enable reduction of inflammation in the colitis model. The mechanism of action of methotrexate analogues encompassing a bridging ester group is not well understood in vivo but seems to lend itself well to further development of similar compounds.
- Graffner-Nordberg, Malin,Fyfe, Meredith,Brattsand, Ralph,Mellg?rd, Bj?rn,Hallberg, Anders
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p. 3455 - 3462
(2007/10/03)
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- Pteridine derivatives and method of treating leukemia employing same
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2,4-Diaminopteridine derivatives and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof having potent anticancer activity are disclosed. The derivatives possess the structural formula: STR1 wherein Y is NH2, OH or SH, R is STR2 and X is STR3 in which R' is H or CH3 or STR4 in which R and R' are as previously defined, provided when Y is NH2, R' must be CH3 and when Y is OH, R' must be OH.
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- Methotrexate analogues. 25. Chemical and biological studies on the γ-tert-Butyl esters of methotrexate and aminopterin
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γ-tert-Butylaminopterin (γ-tBAMT), the first example of an aminopterin (AMT) γ-monoester, was synthesized, and new routes to the known N10-methyl analogue γ-tert-butyl methotrexate (γ-tBMTX were developed. The inhibitory effects of γ-tBAMT on the activity of purified dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from L1210 murine leukemia cells, the growth of L1210 cells and CEM human leukemic lymphoblasts in suspension culture, and the growth of several lines of human squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in monolayer culture were compared with the effects of γ-tBMTX and the parent acids AMT and methotrexate (MTX). Patterns of cross-resistance to γ-tBAMT, γ-tBMTX, and AMT among several MTX-resistant cell lines were examined. In vivo antitumor activities of γ-tBAMT and γ-tBMTX were compared in mice with L1210 leukemia. While the activity of γ-tBAMT was very close to that of γ-tBMTX in the DHFR inhibition assay, the AMT ester was more potent than the MTX ester against cells in culture and against L1210 leukemia in vivo. Only partial cross-resistance was shown against γ-tBMTX and γ-tBAMT in cultured cells that were resistant to MTX by virtue of a transport defect or a combination of defective transport and elevated DHFR activity.
- Rosowsky,Freisheim,Bader,Forsch,Susten,Cucchi
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p. 660 - 667
(2007/10/02)
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- 6-(Bromomethyl)-2,4-diaminopteridine hydrobromide
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A pteridine compound having the formula of 6-(bromomethyl)-2,4-diaminopteridine hydrobromide. 2,4-diamino-6-pteridine-methanol.HBr is reacted with triphenylphosphine dibromide or phosphorus tribromide to form 6-(bromomethyl)-2,4-diaminopteridine hydrobromide. The bromine atom in the molecule can then be replaced with the functional group, N-[4-(methylamino)-benzoyl]-L-glutamic acid in the case of methotrexate and N-(4-aminobenzoyl)-L-glutamic acid in the case of aminopterin.
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