- Reusable Co-nanoparticles for general and selectiveN-alkylation of amines and ammonia with alcohols
-
A general cobalt-catalyzedN-alkylation of amines with alcohols by borrowing hydrogen methodology to prepare different kinds of amines is reported. The optimal catalyst for this transformation is prepared by pyrolysis of a specific templated material, which is generatedin situby mixing cobalt salts, nitrogen ligands and colloidal silica, and subsequent removal of silica. Applying this novel Co-nanoparticle-based material, >100 primary, secondary, and tertiary amines includingN-methylamines and selected drug molecules were conveniently prepared starting from inexpensive and easily accessible alcohols and amines or ammonia.
- Beller, Matthias,Gawande, Manoj B.,Jagadeesh, Rajenahally V.,Kadam, Ravishankar G.,Li, Xinmin,Ma, Zhuang,Petr, Martin,Zbo?il, Radek,Zhou, Bei
-
p. 111 - 117
(2022/01/06)
-
- Self-Immolative System for Disclosure of Reactive Electrophilic Alkylating Agents: Understanding the Role of the Reporter Group
-
The development of stable, efficient chemoselective self-immolative systems, for use in applications such as sensors, requires the optimization of the reactivity and degradation characteristics of the self-immolative unit. In this paper, we describe the effect that the structure of the reporter group has upon the self-immolative efficacy of a prototype system designed for the disclosure of electrophilic alkylating agents. The amine of the reporter group (a nitroaniline unit) was a constituent part of a carbamate that functioned as the self-immolative unit. The number and position of substituents on the nitroaniline unit were found to play a key role in the rate of self-immolative degradation and release of the reporter group. The position of the nitro substituent (meta- vs para-) and the methyl groups in the ortho-position relative to the carbamate exhibited an influence on the rate of elimination and stability of the self-immolative system. The ortho-methyl substituents imparted a twist on the N-C (aromatic) bond leading to increased resonance of the amine nitrogen's lone pair into the carbonyl moiety and a decrease of the leaving character of the carbamate group; concomitantly, this may also make it a less electron-withdrawing group and lead to less acidification of the eliminated β-hydrogen.
- Chippindale, Ann M.,Gavriel, Alexander G.,Hayes, Wayne,Khurana, Gurjeet S.,Leroux, Flavien,Lewis, Viliyana G.,Russell, Andrew T.,Sambrook, Mark R.
-
p. 10263 - 10279
(2021/08/16)
-
- Bimetallic Bis-NHC-Ir(III) Complex Bearing 2-Arylbenzo[d]oxazolyl Ligand: Synthesis, Catalysis, and Bimetallic Effects
-
Herein, an unprecedented bimetallic bis-NHC Cp*Ir complex 1 bearing 2-arylbenzo[d]oxazolyl and NHC ligands is reported. A significant increase in activity was observed for N-methylation of amines and reduction of aldehydes with MeOH catalyzed by 1 compared to the monometallic analogues (2-11). Under the optimal conditions, it showed to be highly effective in N-methylation of nitroarenes with MeOH as both C1 and H2 source. Substrates, including aromatic amines, ketones, and nitro compounds with various functional groups, can be well-tolerated. Mechanistic studies and DFT calculation highlight the significance of bimetallic centers cooperativity.
- Huang, Shuang,Hong, Xi,Cui, He-Zhen,Zhan, Bing,Li, Zhi-Ming,Hou, Xiu-Feng
-
p. 3514 - 3523
(2020/10/09)
-
- SELF-IMMOLATIVE SYSTEMS
-
The present invention is concerned with self-immolative recognition and/or responsive systems for electrophilic compounds, especially alkylating agents, which systems may comprise disclosure or detection of the alkylating agent. The present invention is especially concerned with non-protic triggered self-immolative systems, molecules, and methods, and in particular for detection of non- protic electrophilic agents, and especially alkylating agents, for example alkyl or benzylic halides, which may be found in pesticides or fumigants, or chemical warfare agents.
- -
-
Page/Page column 22; 23
(2020/05/28)
-
- Efficient and versatile catalytic systems for the n-methylation of primary amines with methanol catalyzed by n-heterocyclic carbene complexes of iridium
-
Efficient and versatile catalytic systems were developed for the N-methylation of both aliphatic and aromatic primary amines using methanol as the methylating agent. Iridium complexes bearing an Nheterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand exhibited high catalytic performance for this type of transformation. For aliphatic amines, selective N,N-dimethylation was achieved at low temperatures (50-90 °C). For aromatic amines, selective N-monomethylation and selective N,N-dimethylation were accomplished by simply changing the reaction conditions (presence or absence of a base with an appropriate catalyst). These findings can be used to develop methods for synthesizing useful amine compounds having N-methyl or N,N-dimethyl moieties.
- Toyooka, Genki,Tuji, Akiko,Fujita, Ken-Ichi
-
p. 4617 - 4626
(2019/02/01)
-
- Photoinduced Oxidative Formylation of N,N-Dimethylanilines with Molecular Oxygen without External Photocatalyst
-
A photoinduced oxidative formylation of N,N-dimethylanilines with molecular oxygen in the absence of an external photocatalyst was developed and provided the corresponding formamides in good yields under mild reaction conditions. Investigations indicated that both the starting material and product act as photosensitizers and that 1O2 coexists with O2?- during the reaction through energy transfer and single electron transfer process.
- Yang, Shuai,Li, Pinhua,Wang, Zhihui,Wang, Lei
-
supporting information
p. 3386 - 3389
(2017/07/15)
-
- Acetic Acid Accelerated Visible-Light Photoredox Catalyzed N-Demethylation of N,N-Dimethylaminophenyl Derivatives
-
N,N-Dimethylaminophenyl moiety is a common fragment in medicinal chemistry as several pharmaceuticals bearing this privileged motif are on the market and under clinical evaluation. Oxidative N-demethylation is generally regarded as the major metabolic pathway. However, pharmacokinetics, metabolites studies as well as the further structural modification are precluded by the impracticality of chemical synthesis. Here we report that acetic acid can significantly accelerate visible-light photoredox catalyzed N-demethylation of N,N-dimethylaminophenyl derivatives. This approach is easy for large scale reaction and even for potential industrial manufacture. (Figure presented.).
- Wu, Guolin,Li, Yazhen,Yu, Xuemei,Gao, Yu,Chen, Haijun
-
supporting information
p. 687 - 692
(2017/02/23)
-
- Pyrimidine derivative, preparation method and applications thereof
-
The present invention provides a pyrimidine derivative represented by a formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a preparation method and applications thereof. According to the present invention, the pyrimidine derivative represented by the formula (I), or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof has JAK kinase inhibition activity, particularly provides selective and high inhibition activity on JAK3 kinase, can be used for preparation of JAK3 kinase inhibitors, and can be used for preparation of drugs for preventing or treatment of diseases associated with abnormal JAK3 kinase activity so as to prevent or treat diseases associated with abnormal JAK3 kinase activity. The formula (I) is defined in the specification.
- -
-
Paragraph 0078; 0079; 0080; 0126; 0127; 0128
(2016/10/08)
-
- INHIBITORS OF BRUTON'S TYROSINE KINASE
-
Disclosed herein are compounds that inhibit Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk). Also described are irreversible inhibitors of Btk. In addition, reversible inhibitors of Btk are also described. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions that include the compounds. Methods of using the Btk inhibitors are disclosed, alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents, for the treatment of autoimmune diseases or conditions, heteroimmune diseases or conditions, cancer, including lymphoma, and inflammatory diseases or conditions.
- -
-
Paragraph 00677
(2016/01/25)
-
- METHODS FOR INHIBITING NECROPTOSIS
-
The present invention relates to methods for inhibiting necroptosis; screening methods for identifying compounds which inhibit necroptosis; and compounds for the inhibition of necroptosis, which may be useful in the treatment of conditions associated with deregulated necroptosis.
- -
-
Page/Page column 92; 93
(2015/12/30)
-
- Efficient ruthenium-catalyzed N-methylation of amines using methanol
-
An in situ-generated complex from [RuCpCl2]2 and dpePhos ligand is reported as an efficient catalyst in the presence of 5 mol % of LiOtBu for the N-methylation of amines using methanol as the methylating agent at moderate conditions, following hydrogen borrowing strategy. This simple catalyst system provides selective N-monomethylation of substituted primary anilines and sulfonamides as well as N,N dimethylation of primary aliphatic amines in excellent yields at 40-100 °C with good tolerance to reducible functional groups. The catalytic intermediate CpRu(dpePhos)H was isolated and was shown to be active for methylation in the absence of base.
- Dang, Tuan Thanh,Ramalingam, Balamurugan,Seayad, Abdul Majeed
-
p. 4082 - 4088
(2015/11/11)
-
- SUBSTITUTED PYRIMIDINE COMPOUNDS, COMPOSITIONS AND MEDICINAL APPLICATIONS THEREOF
-
The present disclosure relates to pyrimidine compounds of formula (I), their stereoisomers, tautomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, polymorphs, solvates, and hydrates thereof. The present disclosure also relates to process of preparation of these pyrimidine compounds, and to pharmaceutical compositions containing them. The compounds of the present disclosure are useful in the treatment, prevention or suppression of diseases and disorders mediated by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family kinases.
- -
-
Paragraph 00071
(2015/03/13)
-
- INHIBITORS OF BRUTON'S TYROSINE KINASE
-
Disclosed herein are compounds that form covalent bonds with Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk). Also described are irreversible inhibitors of Btk. In addition, reversible inhibitors of Btk are also described. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions th
- -
-
Paragraph 00515; 00516
(2014/09/03)
-
- A facile and practical copper powder-catalyzed, organic solvent-and ligand-free ullmann amination of aryl halides
-
A facile and practical method that the copper powder-catalyzed Ullmann amination of aryl halides with aqueous methylamine under organic solvent-and ligand-free condition at 100 °C and in air gave N-arylamines as sole products in good to excellent yields. The presence of a small amount of air is essential. Other aliphatic primary amines show good to very high reactivity. Secondary amines and aniline are not reactive. Sensitive substituents (i.e., CHO, MeCO, CN and Cl) are tolerable in the reaction.
- Jiao, Jiao,Zhang, Xi-Ru,Chang, Ning-Hui,Wang, Jie,Wei, Jun-Fa,Shi, Xian-Ying,Chen, Zhan-Guo
-
supporting information; experimental part
p. 1180 - 1183
(2011/04/24)
-
- Novel malonamide derivatives as αvβ3 antagonists. Syntheses and evaluation of 3-(3-indolin-1-yl-3-oxopropanoyl)aminopropanoic acids on vitronectin interaction with αvβ3
-
In attempt to find novel integrin of αvβ3 antagonists, we selected SC65811 and its guanidine analogue (1) as lead compounds. Modification of the glycine part of SC65811 led to a new series of malonamide derivatives that exhibited αvβ3 inhibitory activity. Among them, (R,S)-3-{3-[6-(3-benzylureido)indolin-1-yl]-3-oxopropanoylamino}-3- (pyridin-3-yl)propanoic acid (43a) showed not only potent activity with an IC50 value of 3.0 nM but also good selectivity for αvβ3 relative to αIIbβ3, α5β1, and αvβ5 with IC50 values of 19000, 11000, and 14 nM, respectively. Furthermore, optimization of 43a led to the most potent αvβ3 antagonist, (R,S)-3-(3-{6-[(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)aminoindolin-1-yl}- 3-oxopropanoylamino)-3-(quinolin-3-yl)propanoic acid (431) with an IC50 value of 0.42 nM. The synthesis and the structure-activity relationships of these malonamide derivatives are presented.
- Nagashima,Akamatsu,Kawaminami,Kawazoe,Ogami,Matsumoto,Okada,Suzuki,Tsukamoto
-
p. 1420 - 1432
(2007/10/03)
-
- Catalysis of Anilide Ethanolysis by Barium- and Strontium - Ethoxide Pairs and Their Complexes with 18-Crown-6
-
The metal-bound ethoxide species that are quantitatively formed upon mixing equimolar amounts of Me4NOEt and alkaline-earth (Ba, Sr) metal salt in ethanol solution are more reactive than free ethoxide in the cleavage of simple activated amides (e.g. N-methyl-2,2,2-trifluoroacetanilide) lacking any donor group for binding to the metal ion. It is suggested that a metal-coordinated solvent molecule acts as a general acid catalyst for expulsion of the aniline leaving group in the rate-determining step. The position of the proton in the transition state is strongly dependent upon structural variations in the aniline portion, as suggested by the magnitude of kinetic solvent isotope effects. Enhanced catalysis is observed upon addition of equimolar amounts of 18-crown-6, which is tentatively interpreted on the basis of the notion that ion pairing is weakened upon cation binding to a crown ether. Important differences concerning metal ion effects in amide vs ester cleavage are pointed out and discussed on the basis of results obtained upon structural modifications of the substrates.
- Cacciapaglia, Roberta,Di Stefano, Stefano,Kelderman, Erik,Mandolini, Luigi,Spadola, Francesco
-
p. 6476 - 6479
(2007/10/03)
-
- Observation of a single-pot aromatic reductive denitration
-
4,N,N-Trimethyl-3-nitrobenzenamine gave reductive denitration products (ca. 28%) upon treatment with n-butyl nitrite in the presence of catalytic amounts of ammonium chloride and water in an unprecedented one-reagent single-pot process. The three isomeric N,N-dimethylnitrobenzenamines showed the same behaviour to a much lesser extent; the ortho isomer was partially (7%) transformed into 1-methylbenzotriazole.
- Giumanini, Angelo G.,Verardo, Giancarlo
-
p. 469 - 473
(2007/10/03)
-
- Photolysis of some N-nitroso- and N-nitro-anilines in solution
-
The photolyses of three N-methyl-N-nitrosoanilines and two N-methyl-N-nitroanilines in organic solvents have been studied in the range of 300-340 nm. The influence of solvent character and the presence or absence of oxygen play important roles in the product composition range. The primary photochemical process involves N-N fission, this being homolytic in aprotic solvents and heterolytic in methanol. Three novel mechanistic conclusions are proposed, namely photosolvolysis of a nitrosamine in methanol, photooxidation of nitrosamines in aprotic solvents and the production of biphenyl derivatives on photolysis of nitro-substituted nitrosamines and nitramines in aromatic solvents.
- Gowenlock, Brian G.,Pfab, Josef,Young, Victor M.
-
p. 915 - 919
(2007/10/03)
-
- A 'one-pot' phase transfer alkylation/hydrolysis of o-nitrotrifluoroacetanilides. A convenient route to N-alkyl o-phenylenediamines
-
A variety of o-nitrotrifluoroacetanilides undergo a one-pot alkylation/hydrolysis to give N-alkyl o-nitroanilines in 40-94% yield. Dimethylsulfate, benzyl bromide and 1-bromo-propane were used as the electrophiles.
- Brown, Samuel A.,Rizzo, Carmelo J.
-
p. 4065 - 4080
(2007/10/03)
-
- Thermal decomposition of arylnitramines
-
The thermal decomposition of various substituted N-methyl-N-nitroanilines dissolved in indifferent solvents and piperidine has been investigated. Activation volumes and product analyses support evidence that the rate-determining step is the reversible homolysis of the nitramine bond. The activation volumes range from +18 to +36 ml mol-1. A non-linear Hammett relationship is attributed to an increase in secondary caged reactions, namely rearrangement and oxidation. Arylnitramines with electron-donating substituents yield greater amounts of the thermal rearrangement products than those with electron-deactivating groups at ambient pressures. Decomposition of arylnitramines with electron-donating substituents under high pressures (ca. 1.2 GPa) favours caged reactions over separative diffusion.
- Naud, Darren L.
-
p. 1321 - 1324
(2007/10/03)
-
- Substituent Effects on Transition-state Structures for Dissociative and Associative SN2 Reactions
-
α-Deuterium secondary kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) have been investigated for the reactions of anilines with benzyl, methyl and ethyl benzenesulfonates involving deuteriated aniline nucleophiles and substrates.The secondary KIEs observed are normal, kH/kD > 1.0, only for the deuteriated benzyl system and are of an inverse type, kH/kD N2 mechanism), in contrast to the reverse trend, i.e., the strain incurred by bond formation of the nucleophile is greater than the relief of steric congestion by bond breaking of the leaving group in the reactions of alkyl compounds (associative SN2 mechanism).The effects of substituents in the nucleophile (X) and leaving group (Z) on the secondary KIEs are in complete agreement with the transition-state variation predicted by the sign and magnitude of the cross-interaction constant, ρxz.
- Lee, Ikchoon,Koh, Han Joong,Lee, Bon-Su,Sohn, Dong Sook,Lee, Byung Choon
-
p. 1741 - 1746
(2007/10/02)
-
- Comparison of the Tautomerization and Hydrolysis of Some Secondary and Tertiary Enamines
-
N-Phenylcyclohex-1-en-1-amine, N-(p-chlorophenyl)cyclohex-1-en-1-amine, the N-aryl-2-methylprop-1-en-1-amines, Me2C=CHNLC6H4X, L = H, D, X = H, p-Cl, p-Me, p-MeO, m-NO2, the N-alkyl-2-methylprop-1-en-1-amines, Me2C = CHNDR, R = Me, Et and the (E)-N-alkylprop-1-en-1-amines, MeHC = CHNDR, R = Me, t-Bu, were generated in solution from their N-trimethylsilyl derivatives and characterized by NMR spectroscopy.N-(p-Nitrophenyl)-2-methylprop-1-en-1-amine was isolated from the reaction of isobutyraldehyde and p-nitroaniline, and appreciable amounts (>10percent) of the N-arylcyclohex-1-en-1-amines and N-aryl-2-methylcyclohex-1-en-1-amines were found to be present at equilibrium in DMSO-d6 solution when the aryl group was phenyl, p-chlorophenyl, m-nitrophenyl, or p-nitrophenyl.The kinetics of hydrolysis of all the N-aryl secondary enamines obtained in the above ways were measured in aqueous solution and compared with those of the corresponding N-methyl tertiary enamines.With all enamines there was a region of pH in which kobsd was proportional to 10-pH, and under such conditions it was considered that the rate-determining step was C-protonation.This was supported by the isotope effect kH(1+)/kD(1+) = ca. 3, the observation of general acid catalysis, the much faster rate of hydrolysis of the corresponding imines, and the negative ρ- values.It was found that in the cyclohexenyl series the secondary and tertiary enamines were hydrolyzed at similar rates when the substituents in the aryl group were the same, but in the 2-methylcyclohexenyl and 2-methylpropenyl series the secondary enamines were hydrolyzed much faster than the corresponding tertiary enamines.This was attributed to the tertiary enamines being hindered from attaining the most favorable conformation for p-? conjugation.
- Capon, Brian,Wu, Zhen-Ping
-
p. 2317 - 2324
(2007/10/02)
-
- Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds in Basic Solutions. Part 14. The Alkaline Hydrolysis of Substituted N-Methylformanilides, N-Methylacetanilides, 1- Phenylazetidin-2-ones, 1-Phenyl-2-pyrrolidones, and 1-Phenyl-2-piperidones
-
The rate coefficients for the alkaline hydrolysis of a series of substituted 1-phenylazetidin-2-ones, -2-pyrrolidones, and -2-piperidones, and N-methylacetanilides and N-methylformanilides in aqueous dimethyl sulphoxide and in aqueous dioxane or water have been measured at several temperatures.The reactions were first order in substrate and, for the lactams and acetanilides, first order in base and, for the formanilides, both first and second order in base.Hammet reaction constants and activation parameters have been evaluated for each system.The relative reactivity,salt, solvent and solvent isotope effects have been examined.The following mechanisms for the reactions are suggested.For the β-lactams, the bathway appears to be the rate determining attack by hydroxide and, for the γ- and δ-lactams and acetanilides, rate determining fission of the carbon-nitrogen link, which follows equilibrium addition of the base.The formanilides appear to form a tetrahedral intermediate with hydroxide which can collapse to product via rate-determining water- or base- catalysis.
- Bowden, Keith,Bromley, Keith
-
p. 2103 - 2109
(2007/10/02)
-
- KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF ACID CATALYZED DECOMPOSITION OF SUBSTITUTED 1,3-DIPHENYLTRIAZENES
-
The kinetics of acid catalyzed decomposition of 3-substituted and 1,3-disubstituted 1,3-diphenyl-3-methyltriazenes have been studied in 40percent aqueous ethanolic buffers at 25 deg C.The reaction constant for substitution of the phenyl ring at the 3 position of the triazene chain has been determined and the reaction constants of the protonation and bond splitting between the nitrogen atoms 2 and 3 have been estimated.By the covariance analysis it has been found that the standard constants of the Hammett relation are better than the constants determined in the media of organic solvents.Also estimated were the values of the slope β1g of the linear relation between the rate constants and the equilibrium between the diazonium salt and diazotate.The A-SE2 mechanism is suggested as probable, the bond between nitrogen atoms of triazene chain being more than half split in the transition state and the nitrogen-proton bond formation being more advanced than the nitrogen-nitrogen bond splitting.
- Svoboda, Petr,Pytela, Oldrich,Vecera, Miroslav
-
p. 2217 - 2224
(2007/10/02)
-
- Protolytic Catalysis of Anilide Methanolysis. Spectator Catalysis of Leaving-Group Departure
-
Substituted phenols serve as general-acid catalysts of leaving-group departure from the adduct of methoxide ion with m-NO2C6H4N(CH3)COCF3 in methanol at 25 deg C.Sufficiently high concentrations of general acid convert methoxide addition to the rate-limiting step, allowing determination of rate constants for methoxide addition to substrate carbonyl (ka = 300 M-1 s-1), for overall solvent-assisted leaving-group departure (ke = kake'/k-a = 5.9 M-1 s-1) and for overall general-acid-catalyzed leaving-group departure (kBH = kakBH'/k-a = 2400 +/- 1200 M-2 s-1 for five substituted phenols with pKa's from 12.7 to 14.6).Thus the Broensted α ca. 0.It is suggested that the general acid is a spectator at spontaneous expulsion of the leaving group, producing catalysis by fast subsequent trapping of CH3NAr-.The Jencks clock shows the tetrahedral intermediate to have a minimum characteristic lifetime of 1-10 ns.
- Venkatasubban, K. S.,Schowen, Richard L.
-
p. 653 - 655
(2007/10/02)
-
- Basic Hydrolysis of Some Alkyl and Phenyl N-Aryl-N-methylcarbamates.
-
Rate constants for the basic hydrolysis of methyl, ethyl and phenyl N-aryl-N-methylcarbamates in the presence and absence of micelles of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide are reported.Hammett plots for the methyl aand ethyl carbamates were curved, and this is explained by consideration of the competition between C-N and C-OR bond breaking for decomposition of the tetrahedral intermediate.In one case (p-nitro-substituted), rate-determining formation of the tetrahedral intermediate is suggested, whereas for other compounds rate-determining C-N bond breaking or C-OR bond bre aking is proposed.Micellar catalysis for each of the reactions is reported, and large catalysis (x 50) was observed for compounds where C-N bond breaking was kinetically significant.This is compared with results in the literature for amide and ester hydrolysis.Whereas, for ester hydrolysis, loss of alkoxide ion from the tetrahedral intermediate is favoured over loss of hydroxide ion, in carbamate hydrolysis, loss of hydroxide ions is favoured.A possible reason for this reversal of nucleofugicity of OH- and OR- is proposed.
- Broxton, Trevor J.
-
p. 2203 - 2209
(2007/10/02)
-
- Substituent Effects on the Basic Methanolysis of a Series of Substituted N-Methyl-p-toluanilides
-
The rate of basic methanolysis of a series of substituted N-methyl-p-toluanilides (1) has been measured at 373 K.A Hammett plot of these results resulted in a straight line (ρ 3.1 r 0.998) indicative of reaction by solvent-assisted bond breaking (mechanism B) throughout the series.The revelance of these results to previous results for the basic hydrolysis of N-methyl-p-toluanilides (1) and basic methanolysis of N-methylbenzanilides (2) is discussed.
- Broxton, Trevor J.,Duddy, Neil W.
-
p. 903 - 906
(2007/10/02)
-
- Micellar Catalysis of the Basic Hydrolysis of Anilides. III α-Substituted N-Methyl-N-p-nitrophenylacetamides
-
The basic hydrolysis of a number of α-substituted N-methyl-N-p-nitrophenylacetamides has been studied both in the presence and absence of micelles of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (ctab).Unlike the related p-nitrophenyl esters of α-substituted acetic acids, no evidence for the operation of the E1cb mechanism in the basic hydrolysis has been detected.Reasons for the differences between the amides and esters are discussed.Substituent effects on the hydrolysis of the amides have been studied both by single-parameter and dual-parameter analysis.
- Broxton, Trevor J.,Duddy, Neil W.
-
p. 1771 - 1781
(2007/10/02)
-