- Base-induced Sommelet–Hauser rearrangement of N-(α-(2-oxyethyl)branched)benzylic glycine ester-derived ammonium salts via a chelated intermediate
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The base-induced Sommelet–Hauser (S–H) rearrangement of N-(α-branched)benzylic glycine ester-derived ammonium salts 1 was investigated. When the α-branched substituent was a simple alkyl, such as a methyl or butyl, desired S–H rearrangement product 2 was obtained in low yield with formation of the [1,2] Stevens rearranged 4 and Hofmann eliminated products 5 and 6. However, when the α-branched substituent had a 2-oxy moiety, such as 2-acetoxyethyl or 2-benzoyloxyethyl, the yields of 2 were improved. These results could be explained by formation of chelated intermediate C that stabilizes the carbanionic ylide, and the subsequent initial dearomative [2,3] sigmatropic rearrangement would be accelerated. The existence of C was supported by mechanistic experiments. This enhancement effect is not very strong or effective; however, it will expand the synthetic usefulness of ammonium ylide rearrangements.
- Baba, Souya,Hirano, Kazuki,Tayama, Eiji
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supporting information
(2020/03/13)
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- Synthesis, molecular docking and biological evaluation of novel phthaloyl derivatives of 3-amino-3-aryl propionic acids as inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase
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In the last two decades, trans-sialidase of Trypanosoma cruzi (TcTS) has been an important pharmacological target for developing new anti-Chagas agents. In a continuous effort to discover new potential TcTS inhibitors, 3-amino-3-arylpropionic acid derivatives (series A) and novel phthaloyl derivatives (series B, C and D) were synthesized and molecular docking, TcTS enzyme inhibition and determination of trypanocidal activity were carried out. From four series obtained, compound D-11 had the highest binding affinity value (?11.1 kcal/mol) compared to reference DANA (?7.8 kcal/mol), a natural ligand for TS enzyme. Furthermore, the 3D and 2D interactions analysis of compound D-11 showed a hydrogen bond, π-π stacking, π-anion, hydrophobic and Van der Waals forces with all important amino acid residues (Arg35, Arg245, Arg314, Tyr119, Trp312, Tyr342, Glu230 and Asp59) on the active site of TcTS. Additionally, D-11 showed the highest TcTS enzyme inhibition (86.9% ± 5) by high-performance ion exchange chromatography (HPAEC). Finally, D-11 showed better trypanocidal activity than the reference drugs nifurtimox and benznidazole with an equal % lysis (63 ± 4 and 65 ± 2 at 10 μg/mL) and LC50 value (52.70 ± 2.70 μM and 46.19 ± 2.36 μM) on NINOA and INC-5 strains, respectively. Therefore, D-11 is a small-molecule with potent TcTS inhibition and a strong trypanocidal effect that could help in the development of new anti-Chagas agents.
- Kashif, Muhammad,Chacón-Vargas, Karla Fabiola,López-Cedillo, Julio Cesar,Nogueda-Torres, Benjamín,Paz-González, Alma D.,Ramírez-Moreno, Esther,Agusti, Rosalia,Uhrig, Maria Laura,Reyes-Arellano, Alicia,Peralta-Cruz, Javier,Ashfaq, Muhammad,Rivera, Gildardo
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p. 252 - 268
(2018/07/14)
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-phenyl-3-aryl carboxamido propanoic acid derivatives as small molecule inhibitors of retinoic acid 4-hydroxylase (CYP26A1)
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All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), the biologically active metabolite of vitamin A, is used medicinally for the treatment of hyperproliferative diseases and cancers. However, it is easily metabolized. In this study, the leading compound S8 was found based on virtual screening. To improve the activity of the leading compound S8, a series of novel S8 derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro biological activities. All of the prepared compounds showed that substituting the 5-chloro-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole group for the 2-tertbutyl-5-methylfuran scaffold led to a clear increase in the biological activity. The most promising compound 32, with a CYP26A1 IC50 value of 1.36 μM (compared to liarozole (IC50 = 2.45 μM) and S8 (IC50 = 3.21 μM)) displayed strong inhibitory and differentiation activity against HL60 cells. In addition, the study focused on the effect of β-phenylalanine, which forms the coordination bond with the heme of CYP26A1. These studies suggest that the compound 32 can be used as an appropriate candidate for future development.
- Zhao, Dongmei,Sun, Bin,Ren, Jinhong,Li, Fengrong,Song, Shuai,Lv, Xuejiao,Hao, Chenzhou,Cheng, Maosheng
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p. 1356 - 1365
(2015/03/04)
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- Structure activity relationships of αv integrin antagonists for pulmonary fibrosis by variation in aryl substituents
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Antagonism of αvβ6 is emerging as a potential treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis based on strong target validation. Starting from an αvβ3 antagonist lead and through simple variation in the nature and position of the aryl substituent, the discovery of compounds with improved αvβ6 activity is described. The compounds also have physicochemical properties commensurate with oral bioavailability and are high quality starting points for a drug discovery program. Compounds 33S and 43E1 are pan αv antagonists having ca. 100 nM potency against αvβ3, αvβ5, αvβ6, and αvβ8 in cell adhesion assays. Detailed structure activity relationships with these integrins are described which also reveal substituents providing partial selectivity (defined as at least a 0.7 log difference in pIC50 values between the integrins in question) for αvβ3 and αvβ5.
- Adams, James,Anderson, Edward C.,Blackham, Emma E.,Chiu, Yin Wa Ryan,Clarke, Thomas,Eccles, Natasha,Gill, Luke A.,Haye, Joshua J.,Haywood, Harvey T.,Hoenig, Christian R.,Kausas, Marius,Le, Joelle,Russell, Hannah L.,Smedley, Christopher,Tipping, William J.,Tongue, Tom,Wood, Charlotte C.,Yeung, Jason,Rowedder, James E.,Fray, M. Jonathan,McInally, Thomas,Macdonald, Simon J. F.
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supporting information
p. 1207 - 1212
(2015/04/27)
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- Stereoselective chemoenzymatic preparation of β-amino esters: Molecular modelling considerations in lipase-mediated processes and application to the synthesis of (S)-dapoxetine
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A wide range of optically active 3-amino-3-arylpropanoic acid derivatives have been prepared by means of a stereoselective chemoenzymatic route. The key step is the kinetic resolution of the corresponding β-amino esters. Although the enzymatic acylations of the amino group with ethyl methoxyacetate showed synthetically useful enantioselectivities, the hydrolyses of the ester group catalyzed by lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia have been identified as the optimal processes concerning both activity and enantioselectivity. The enantiopreference of this lipase in these reactions has been explained, at the molecular level, by using a fragment-based approach in which the most favoured binding site for a phenyl ring and the most stable conformation of the 3-aminopropanoate core nicely match the (S)-configuration of the major products. The conversion and enantioselectivity values of the enzymatic reactions have been compared in order to understand the influence of the different substitution patterns present in the phenyl ring. This chemoenzymatic route has been successfully applied to the preparation of a valuable intermediate in the synthesis of (S)-dapoxetine, which has been chemically synthesised in excellent optical purity.
- Rodriguez-Mata, Maria,Garcia-Urdiales, Eduardo,Gotor-Fernandez, Vicente,Gotor, Vicente
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 395 - 406
(2010/06/15)
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- 3-AMINO-3-ARYLPROPIONIC ACID n-ALKYL ESTERS, PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION THEREOF, AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF OPTICALLY ACTIVE 3-AMINO-3-ARYLPROPIONIC ACIDS AND ESTERS OF THE ANTIPODES THERETO
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The present invention is to provide an n-alkyl 3-amino-3-arylpropionate represented by the formula (I): wherein Ar1 represents an aryl group which may have a substituent(s), provided that a phenyl group and 4-methoxyphenyl group are excluded, R1 represents an n-propyl group or an n-butyl group, and a process for preparing the same, and its optically active compound and an optically active (S or R)-3-amino-3-arylpropionic acid represented by the formula (III-a): wherein Ar represents an aryl group which may have a substituent(s), and * represents an asymmetric carbon, and a process for preparing an optically active n-alkyl (R or S)-3-amino-3-arylpropionate represented by the formula (IV-a): wherein Ar and R1 have the same meanings as defined above, * represents an asymmetric carbon, provided that it has a reverse absolute configuration to the compound of the formula (III-a).
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Page/Page column 27-28
(2008/06/13)
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- Competitive formation of β-amino acids, propenoic, and ylidenemalonic acids by the Rodionov reaction from malonic acid, aldehydes, and ammonium acetate in alcoholic medium
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The Rodionov reaction of 49 available aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes with malonic acid and ammonium acetate in alcoholic medium, resulting in formation of β-amino acids, propenoic, and ylidenemalonic acids, was studied. Certain regioselectivity regularities of the reaction were revealed. Among the variety of ketones studied, cyclohexanone is the only whose reaction yields a β-amino acid. Unusual dehydrofluorination of 6-chloro-2-fluorocinnamic acid under the Rodionov reaction was discovered. 2005 Pleiades Publishing, Inc.
- Lebedev,Lebedeva,Sheludyakov,Kovaleva,Ustinova,Kozhevnikov
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p. 1113 - 1124
(2007/10/03)
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- A one-pot synthesis of 3-amino-3-arylpropionic acids
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3-Aminopropionic acids (β-amino acids) are biologically active compounds of interest in medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry. Twenty-one 3-amino-3-arylpropionic acids were synthesized via a facile one-pot synthesis. In addition, a series of mechanistic studies have been performed to optimize the production of these β-amino acids. The reaction mechanism of this one-pot synthesis of β-amino acids, as well as the electronic effect of para-substitution and the influence of solvent polarity on the proposed reaction mechanism are discussed.
- Tan,Weaver
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p. 7449 - 7461
(2007/10/03)
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- A new and expeditious strategy for the synthesis of β-amino acids from Δ2-oxazolines
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A new, mild two-step synthesis of racemic β-amino acids starting from 2-alkyl-Δ2-oxazolines is described. The process implies the initial formation of masked N-substituted or N-unsubstituted β-enamino acid derivatives followed by chemoselective reduction of the enamino moiety. The process takes place with high yields, total chemoselectivity and moderate diastereoselectivity.
- Fustero, Santos,Díaz, Ma Dolores,Navarro, Antonio,Salavert, Esther,Aguilar, Enrique
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p. 703 - 712
(2007/10/03)
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- Une synthese simple des premieres amino-3 indanones-1
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The synthesis of various substituted 3-amino-1-indanones was achieved in five steps starting from corresponding benzaldehydes.
- Rault, Sylvain,Dallemagne, Patrick,Robba, Max
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p. 1079 - 1083
(2007/10/02)
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- Amidine derivatives and cardiotonic compositions
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Amidine derivatives of the formula STR1 wherein R1 and R2, which may be the same or different, represent each a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, or R1 and R2 together with an intermediary carbon atom and/or hetero atom may form a ring; X represents STR2 (wherein R8 represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, or --CH2 COOR9, where R9 represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; Z represents a single bond, --CH2 --, --CH2 CH2 --, or --CH=CH--); R3 represents a hydrogen or chlorine atom, methoxy group, nitro group, or amino group; Y represents --CH2 CH2 --, --CH=CH--, --CH2 O--, or --OCH2 --; R4 represents a hydrogen atom, methoxy group, benzoyl group, nitro group, or amino group; and R5, R6 and R7, which may be the same or different, represent each a hydrogen atom, lower alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, aralkyl group, substituted alkyl group, substituted aralkyl group, or amino group, or R5 and R7 may form a ring, or salts thereof have an excellent cardiotonic activity and can be used as cardiotonics.
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