- A structurally guided dissection-then-evolution strategy for ligand optimization of smoothened receptor
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We present herein a novel dissection-then-evolution strategy for ligand optimization. Using the co-crystal structure of the smoothened receptor (SMO) as a guide, we studied the modular contribution of LY2940680 by systematically silencing the specific interaction between the individual residue(s) and the fragment in the ligand. Following evolution by focusing on the benzoyl part finally yielded an improved ligand 21.
- Ye, Lintao,Ding, Kang,Zhao, Fei,Liu, Xiaoyan,Wu, Yiran,Liu, Yang,Xue, Dongxiang,Zhou, Fang,Zhang, Xianjun,Stevens, Raymond C.,Xu, Fei,Zhao, Suwen,Tao, Houchao
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Read Online
- Chemoselective reaction of bifunctional carboxysulfonic acid systems: Preparation of useful intermediates for chemiluminescent, fluorescent and UV absorbing bifunctional linkers
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Heterobifunctional compounds are of considerable interest in convergent synthesis strategies as well as in the labeling/tagging of biological molecules. Herein is described a synthetic strategy to functionalize sulfonic acids in the presence of carboxylic acids without the need for protection/deprotection steps. Bifunctional carboxysulfonic acids are transformed under mild conditions to the corresponding carboxysulfonyl fluorides which are reacted with the amine of choice to provide sulfonamides. The carboxylic acid remains free and is available for subsequent activation and further chemical elaboration. The generality of this approach is demonstrated herein, and an example of utility is outlined in which carboxysulfonyl-containing chemiluminescent reagents are transformed into unique red-shifted chemiluminescent reagents.
- Haack, Richard A.,Hershberger, Stefan J.,Best, Quinn A.,Swift, Kerry M.,Tetin, Sergey Y.
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supporting information
(2020/09/15)
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- FLUORINATED SULFONATE ESTERS OF ARYL KETONES FOR NON-IONIC PHOTO-ACID GENERATORS
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Non-ionic photo-acid generating (PAG) compounds were prepared that contain an aryl ketone group having a perfluorinated substituent alpha to the ketone carbonyl. The non-polymeric PAGs release a sulfonic acid when exposed to high energy radiation such as deep UV or extreme UV light. The photo-generated sulfonic acid has a low diffusion rate in an exposed resist layer subjected to a post-exposure bake (PEB) at 100° C. to 150° C., resulting in formation of good line patterns after development. At higher temperatures, the PAGs can also undergo a thermal reaction to form a sulfonic acid. The perfluorinated substituent provides improved thermal stability and hydrolytic/nucleophilic stability.
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Paragraph 0177; 0178; 0181
(2018/03/25)
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- Leveraging a "catch-Release" Logic Gate Process for the Synthesis and Nonchromatographic Purification of Thioether- or Amine-Bridged Macrocyclic Peptides
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Macrocyclic peptides containing N-alkylated amino acids have emerged as a promising therapeutic modality, capable of modulating protein-protein interactions and an intracellular delivery of hydrophilic payloads. While multichannel automated solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) is a practical approach for peptide synthesis, the requirement for slow and inefficient chromatographic purification of the product peptides is a significant limitation to exploring these novel compounds. Herein, we invent a "catch-release" strategy for the nonchromatographic purification of macrocyclic peptides. A traceless catch process is enabled by the invention of a dual-functionalized N-terminal acetate analogue, which serves as a handle for capture onto a purification resin and as a leaving group for macrocyclization. Displacement by a C-terminal nucleophilic side chain thus releases the desired macrocycle from the purification resin. By design, this catch/release process is a logic test for the presence of the key components required for cyclization, thus removing impurities which lack the required functionality, such as common classes of peptide impurities, including hydrolysis fragments and truncated sequences. The method was shown to be highly effective with three libraries of macrocyclic peptides, containing macrocycles of 5-20 amino acids, with either thioether- or amine-based macrocyclic linkages; in this latter class, the reported method represents an enabling technology. In all cases, the catch-release protocol afforded significant enrichment of the target peptides purity, in many cases completely obviating the need for chromatography. Importantly, we have adapted this process for automation on a standard multichannel peptide synthesizer, achieving an efficient and completely integrated synthesis and purification platform for the preparation of these important molecules.
- Kheirabadi, Mahboubeh,Creech, Gardner S.,Qiao, Jennifer X.,Nirschl, David S.,Leahy, David K.,Boy, Kenneth M.,Carter, Percy H.,Eastgate, Martin D.
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supporting information
p. 4323 - 4335
(2018/04/25)
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- NON-CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURIFICATION OF MACROCYCLIC PEPTIDES BY A RESIN CATCH AND RELEASE
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The disclosure is directed to compounds and methods for preparing purified macrocyclic peptide using "catch-release" methods. These methods comprise reacting a free amino group of a resin-bound linear peptide with an azide- or alkyne-functionalized cap to form a resin-bound capped linear peptide having an azide- or alkyne-functionalized cap; cleaving said capped linear peptide from the resin to form a free capped linear peptide having an azide- or alkyne-functionalized cap; reacting the free capped linear peptide having an azide-functionalized cap with an alkyne-functionalized catch resin, or reacting the free capped linear peptide having an akynyl-functionalized cap with an azide functionalized catch resin, to form a catch-resin bound capped linear peptide; reacting the catch-resin bound capped linear peptide under conditions sufficient to effect macrocyclization of the linear peptide and release of the macrocyclic peptide from the catch resin.
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Paragraph 0069; 0070
(2019/01/06)
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- Identification of human T2R receptors that respond to bitter compounds that elicit the bitter taste in compositions, and the use thereof in assays to identify compounds that inhibit (block) bitter taste in compositions and use thereof
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The present invention relates to the discovery that specific human taste receptors in the T2R taste receptor family respond to particular bitter compounds present in, e.g., coffee. Also, the invention relates to the discovery of specific compounds and compositions containing that function as bitter taste blockers and the use thereof as bitter taste blockers or flavor modulators in, e.g., coffee and coffee flavored foods, beverages and medicaments. Also, the present invention relates to the discovery of a compound that antagonizes numerous different human T2Rs and the use thereof in assays and as a bitter taste blocker in compositions for ingestion by humans and animals.
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Page/Page column 144; 145
(2016/02/26)
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- Modeling, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Potential Retinoid X Receptor (RXR)-Selective Agonists: Analogues of 4-[1-(3,5,5,8,8-Pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)ethynyl]benzoic Acid (Bexarotene) and 6-(Ethyl(5,5,8,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)amino)nicotinic Acid (NEt-TMN)
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Sulfonic acid analogues of 4-[1-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)ethynyl]benzoic acid (bexarotene, 1) as well as seven novel and two reported analogues of 6-(ethyl(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)amino)nicotinic acid (NEt-TMN) were synthesized and assessed for selective retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonism. Compound 1 is FDA-approved for treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL); however, 1 can provoke side effects by impacting RXR-dependent receptor pathways. All of the analogues in this study were evaluated for their potential to bind RXR through modeling and then assayed in an RXR-RXR mammalian-2-hybrid (M2H) system and in RXR-responsive element (RXRE)-mediated transcriptional experiments. The EC50 profiles for these unique analogues and their analogous effectiveness to inhibit proliferation in CTCL cells relative to 1 suggest that these compounds possess similar or even enhanced therapeutic potential. Several compounds also displayed more selective RXR activation with minimal cross-signaling of the retinoic acid receptor. These results suggest that modifications of potent RXR agonists such as NEt-TMN can lead to improved biological selectivity and potency compared with the known therapeutic.
- Heck, Michael C.,Wagner, Carl E.,Shahani, Pritika H.,Macneill, Mairi,Grozic, Aleksandra,Darwaiz, Tamana,Shimabuku, Micah,Deans, David G.,Robinson, Nathan M.,Salama, Samer H.,Ziller, Joseph W.,Ma, Ning,Van Der Vaart, Arjan,Marshall, Pamela A.,Jurutka, Peter W.
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supporting information
p. 8924 - 8940
(2016/10/22)
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- THERAPEUTIC COMPOUNDS
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The invention provides compounds and compositions that are useful for treating conditions including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, diabetes, cancer, and psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia.
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Page/Page column 59; 60; 61
(2015/10/05)
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- Fluorescent non-peptidic RGD mimetics with high selectivity for αvβ3 vs αiIbβ3 integrin receptor: Novel probes for in vivo optical imaging
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Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane protein receptors consisting of different α and β subunits. αvβ3 integrins are overexpressed on many tumor cells and tumor-associated angiogenic vessels, whereas αIIbβ3 is a receptor for, e.g., fibrinogen and mediates platelet aggregation. In this study, a near-infrared fluorescent imaging probe has been designed and synthesized by conjugating fluorescent dyes to a non-peptidic, pharmacophore-based ligand, based on a molecular modeling design approach. Affinity values were determined, and in vitro cell binding assays and preliminary in vivo xenograft studies in nude mice were performed to evaluate target binding. Competition assays revealed excellent binding and selectivity to αvβ3 compared to that for αIIbβ3. In vitro, the probe showed high target binding on αvβ3-positive M-21 cells and negligible binding to αvβ3-negative MCF-7 cells. In vivo, the tracer is able to image target expression in U-87 xenografts with a maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 2.5:1 at 24 h after injection.
- Alsibai, Wael,Hahnenkamp, Anke,Eisenbl?tter, Michel,Riemann, Burkhard,Sch?fers, Michael,Bremer, Christoph,Haufe, Günter,H?ltke, Carsten
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p. 9971 - 9982
(2015/02/02)
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- LABELLED COMPOUNDS THAT BIND TO ALPHA-V-BETA-3 INTEGRIN
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The present invention concerns in vivo imaging and in particular a novel in vivo imaging agent of formula (I). Also provided by the present invention is a method for the preparation of the in vivo imaging agent of the invention, and precursor compounds useful in said method. The in vivo imaging agent of the invention is useful in the diagnosis of conditions where there is a deviation from normal in the expression of integrin αvβ3.
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Page/Page column 24
(2014/08/20)
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- 5-ALKYLOXY-INDOLIN-2-ONE DERIVATIVES, PREPARATION THEREOF AND APPLICATION THEREOF IN THERAPY
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The present invention relates to derivatives of 5-alkyloxy-indolin-2-one, their method of production and their therapeutic applications. These novel derivatives have affinity and selectivity for the V2 receptors of vasopressin (“V2 receptors”) and can therefore constitute active principles of pharmaceutical compositions.
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Page/Page column 14
(2010/04/23)
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- NOVEL BENZENESULFONAMIDES AS CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
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The present application relates to calcium channel inhibitors comprising compounds of formula (I), formula (II), formula (III), or formula (IV), wherein L1, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and Rc are as defined in the specification. The present application also relates to compositions comprising such compounds, and methods of treating conditions and disorders using such compounds and compositions.
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Page/Page column 76
(2010/08/08)
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- Purification strategy for direct nucleophilic procedures
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The present invention provides novel and advantageous processes for preparing and purifying chemical compounds such as pharmaceuticals. The processes comprise a nucleophilic substitution reaction with a moiety X wherein the leaving group L of a substrate S in the reaction is covalently attached to a purification moiety M. This concept offers a convenient and time-saving way to purify the desired product S-X from non-reacted precursors S-L-M and by-products L-M.
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Page/Page column 22
(2009/12/02)
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- An 'inside-out' approach to suramin analogues
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An approach to the synthesis of suramin analogues has been realised, which avoids synthetic problems associated with conventional routes. The use of isobutyl ester protecting groups for sulfonic acids was crucial to the success of the strategy, because these were able to be cleanly deprotected with sodium iodide, yielding the sodium salts of the corresponding sulfonic acids.
- McGeary, Ross P.,Bennett, Andrew J.,Tran, Quoc B.,Prins, Johannes,Ross, Benjamin P.
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experimental part
p. 3990 - 3997
(2009/10/09)
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- Kepner-Tregoe decision analysis as a tool to aid route selection. Part 2. Application to AZD7545, a PDK inhibitor
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Kepner-Tregoe decision analysis was formally used as an aid to route selection, as outlined in the preceding paper. Over 40 paper routes were assessed for suitability for both immediate and longer term manufacture of AZD7545, a compound in the early stages of development. Eight routes were then investigated in full in the laboratory, and a further four in part, over a period of 3-4 months. From this exercise, the preferred long-term manufacturing route was identified before the first pilot scale manufacture had been completed. This route selection exercise worked well in this case where a large number of potential routes had to be considered using limited resources. It was also an effective means of bringing some long-term manufacturing issues to the fore at an early stage in development.
- Moseley, Jonathan D.,Brown, David,Firkin, Catherine R.,Jenkin, Shelley L.,Patel, Bharti,Snape, Evan W.
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p. 1044 - 1059
(2013/01/03)
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- Discovery and initial development of a novel class of antibacterials: Inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus transcription/translation
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The novel bacterial transcription/translation (TT) inhibitor 1 was identified through a combination of high throughput screening and exploratory medicinal chemistry. Initial optimization of the anthranilic acid moiety and sulfonamide amine diversity was accomplished via 1- and two-dimensional solution phase libraries, resulting in an improvement in the MIC of the lead from 64 to 8 μg/mL (compound 4l). Subsequent modification of the central aromatic ring and further refinement of the sulfonamide amines required the development of a solid phase route on Wang resin. The resulting libraries generated a number of potent antibacterials with MICs of ≤1 μg/mL (e.g., 10b, 12, and 13). During the course of this work, it became apparent that the antibacterial activity of the series is not fully correlated with TT inhibition, suggesting that at least one additional mechanism of action is operative.
- Larsen, Scott D.,Hester, Matthew R.,Craig Ruble,Kamilar, Gregg M.,Romero, Donna L.,Wakefield, Brian,Melchior, Earline P.,Sweeney, Michael T.,Marotti, Keith R.
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p. 6173 - 6177
(2007/10/03)
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- AMINOSULPHONYL- OR AMINOSULPHONYLAMINO-SUBSTITUTED PHENYL ESTERS AS ESTRIOL AND ESTETROL PRODRUGS
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The invention relates to estriol and estetrol prodrugs of general formula (I), in which group Y is bonded to the steroid, the method for production thereof, pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds and the use thereof for production of medicaments with estrogenic effect.
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Page/Page column 23
(2008/06/13)
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- STEROID PRODRUGS WITH ANDROGENIC EFFECT
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The invention relates to steroid prodrugs with androgenic effect of general formula (I), in which the group Z is bonded to the steroid, pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds and the use thereof for the production of medicaments with androgenic effect.
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Page/Page column 23
(2008/06/13)
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- ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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Compounds of the formula (I) provide pharmacological agents which bind to Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs). Accordingly, the compounds of the present invention are useful for the treatment of conditions mediated by the PPAR receptor activity in mammals. Such conditions include dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesteremia, atherosclerosis, hypertriglyceridemia, heart failure, myocardial infarction, vascular diseases, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, obesity, inflammation, arthritis, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, skin disorders, respiratory diseases, ophthalmic disorders, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The compounds of the present invention are particularly useful in mammals as hypoglycemic agents for the treatment and prevention of conditions in which impaired glucose tolerance, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are implicated, such as type-1 and type-2 diabetes, and Syndrome X.
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- Steroid prodrugs with androgenic action
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This invention relates to steroid prodrugs with androgenic action of general formula (I), in which group Z is bonded to the steroid, pharmaceutical compositions that contain these compounds as well as their use for the production of pharmaceutical agents with androgenic action.
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Page/Page column 9
(2008/06/13)
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- CB1 MODULATOR COMPOUNDS
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Novel compounds of structural formula (I) are disclosed. As modulators of the Cannabinoid-1 (CB1) receptor, these compounds are useful in the treatment, prevention and suppression of diseases mediated by the CB1 receptor. As such, compounds of the present invention are useful as in the treatment, prevention and suppression of psychosis, memory deficits, cognitive disorders, migraine, neuropathy, neuro-inflammatory disorders (e.g., multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barre syndrome and the inflammatory sequelae of viral encephalitis), cerebral vascular accidents, head trauma, anxiety disorders, stress, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia. The compounds are also useful for the treatment of substance abuse disorders, particularly to opiates, alcohol, and nicotine. The compounds are also useful for the treatment of obesity or eating disorders associated with excessive food intake and complications associated therewith.
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Page/Page column 73-74
(2008/06/13)
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- The Tertiary Amide as an Effective Director of Ortho Lithiation
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The tertiary amides N,N-diethylbenzamide (1) and N,N-diisopropylbenzamide (3) give the ortho-lithiated species 2 on treatment with sec-BuLi/TMEDA or n-BuLi/TMEDA, respectively, at -78 deg.Lithiation of 1 followed by rection with either methyl iodide, ethyl iodide, benzophenone, acetone, benzaldehyde, or trimethoxyborane-hydrogen peroxide gives the expected ortho substituted product.Intramolecular competition between the diethyloamido and chloro, methoxyl, sulfonamido, (dimethylamino)methyl, or oxazolino functions in ortho- and para-substituted benzamides establishes the tertiary amido group to be more effective in directing metalation than any noncarboxamide functional group under the prescribed conditions.Complimentarity of directing effects is observed with the chloro and methoxyl groups in the meta-substituted diethylbenzamides but not with the methyl group.The secondary amide is found to have a directing ability comparable to the tertiary amide with sec-BuLi/TMEDA at -78 deg in THF although the yields are low. 13C NMR chemical shifts are particularly useful for the structural assignments which are confirmed chemically by lactonization of some products.A labeling study with N,N-diisopropyl-2,6-dideuteriobenzamide suggests that lithiation of the ortho position of 3 is direct and not the result of rearrangement of an initially formed α-aza anion.Control of metalation at the ortho or benzylic position by proper selection of the organolithium base is illustrated for N,N-diisopropyl-p-toluamide.The value of the tertiary amide for control of ortho lithiations and regiospecific aromatic substitutions is noted.
- Beak, Peter,Brown, Roger A.
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- Process for producing chlorosulfonylbenzoylchloride
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Chlorosulfonylbenzoylchloride having the formula STR1 wherein X is hydrogen, halogen or nitro is prepared by reacting phosgene with an aromatic sulfocarboxylic acid having the formula STR2 or an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt thereof in the presence of dimethylformamide.
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