- X-ray Structure-Guided Discovery of a Potent, Orally Bioavailable, Dual Human Indoleamine/Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase (hIDO/hTDO) Inhibitor That Shows Activity in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease
-
Human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (hIDO1) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (hTDO) have been closely linked to the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD); nevertheless, development of dual hIDO1 and hTDO inhibitors to evaluate their potential efficacy against PD is still lacking. Here, we report biochemical, biophysical, and computational analyses revealing that 1H-indazole-4-amines inhibit both hIDO1 and hTDO by a mechanism involving direct coordination with the heme ferrous and ferric states. Crystal structure-guided optimization led to23, which manifested IC50values of 0.64 and 0.04 μM to hIDO1 and hTDO, respectively, and had good pharmacokinetic properties and brain penetration in mice.23showed efficacy against the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced mouse motor coordination deficits, comparable to Madopar, an anti-PD medicine. Further studies revealed that different from Madopar,23likely has specific anti-PD mechanisms involving lowering IDO1 expression, alleviating dopaminergic neurodegeneration, reducing inflammatory cytokines and quinolinic acid in mouse brain, and increasing kynurenic acid in mouse blood.
- Ning, Xiang-Li,Li, Yu-Zhi,Huo, Cui,Deng, Ji,Gao, Cheng,Zhu, Kai-Rong,Wang, Miao,Wu, Yu-Xiang,Yu, Jun-Lin,Ren, Ya-Li,Luo, Zong-Yuan,Li, Gen,Chen, Yang,Wang, Si-Yao,Peng, Cheng,Yang, Ling-Ling,Wang, Zhou-Yu,Wu, Yong,Qian, Shan,Li, Guo-Bo
-
p. 8303 - 8332
(2021/06/30)
-
- Pyrrolidine-Oxadiazolone Conjugates as Organocatalysts in Asymmetric Michael Reaction
-
Pyrrolidine-oxadiazolone based organocatalysts are envisaged, synthesized, and utilized for asymmetric Michael reactions. Results of the investigations suggest that some of the catalysts are indeed efficient for stereoselective 1,4-conjugated Michael additions (dr: >97:3, ee up to 99%) in high chemical yields (up to 97%) often in short reaction time. As an extension, one enantiopure Michael adduct has been utilized to synthesize optically active octahydroindole.
- Mahato, Chandan K.,Mukherjee, Sayan,Kundu, Mrinalkanti,Pramanik, Animesh
-
p. 1053 - 1063
(2019/01/14)
-
- Compound, preparation method thereof, pharmaceutical composition and application of compound
-
The invention discloses a compound, a preparation method thereof, a pharmaceutical composition and application of the compound. The compound I, and a stereoisomer or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof can serve as a CDK7 kinase inhibitor, are high in inhibition activity, and can be used for treatment of various malignant tumors.
- -
-
Paragraph 0108-0111
(2020/01/03)
-
- Synthesis and evaluation of in vivo anti-hypothermic effect of all stereoisomers of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone mimetic: Rovatirelin Hydrate
-
We discovered the orally active thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) mimetic: (4S,5S)-5-methyl-N-{(2S)-1-[(2R)-2-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl]-1-oxo-3-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)propan-2-yl}-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidine-4-carboxamide 1 (rovatirelin). The central nervous system (CNS) effect of rovatirelin after intravenous (iv) administration is 100-fold higher than that of TRH. As 1 has four asymmetric carbons in its molecule, there are 16 stereoisomers. We synthesized and evaluated the anti-hypothermic effect of all stereoisomers of 1, which has the (4S),(5S),(2S),(2R) configuration from the N-terminus to the C-terminus, in order to clarify the structure?activity relationship (SAR) of stereoisomers. The (4R),(5R),(2R),(2S)-isomer 16 did not show any anti-hypothermic effect. Only the (4S),(5S),(2S),(2S)-isomer 10, which has the (2S)-2-methylpyrrolidine moiety at the C-terminus showed the anti-hypothermic effect similar to 1. Stereoisomers, which have the (5R) configuration of the oxazolidinone at the N-terminus and the (2R) configuration at the middle-part, showed a much lower anti-hypothermic effect than that of 1. On the other hand, stereoisomers, which have the (4R) configuration of the oxazolidinone at the N-terminus or the (2S) configuration of the C-terminus, have little influence on the anti-hypothermic effect.
- Kobayashi, Naotake,Sato, Norihito,Sugita, Katsuji,Takahashi, Kouji,Sugawara, Tamio,Tada, Yukio,Yoshikawa, Takayoshi
-
-
- FUMAGILLOL COMPOUNDS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING SAME
-
Disclosed herein, in part, are fumagillol compounds and methods of use in treating medical disorders, such as obesity. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of making fumagillol compounds are provided. The compounds are contemplated to have activity against methionyl aminopeptidase 2.
- -
-
Paragraph 00149
(2018/03/06)
-
- Enantioselective Synthesis of 6,6-Disubstituted Pentafulvenes Containing a Chiral Pendant Hydroxy Group
-
Simple enantioselective synthesis of 6,6-disubstituted pentafulvenes bearing chiral pendant hydroxy groups are attained by cascade reactivity using commercially available proline-based organocatalysts. Condensation of cyclopentadiene with the acetyl function of a 1,2-formylacetophenone, followed by cyclization of a resulting fulvene-stabilized carbanion with the formyl group, generates bicyclic chiral alcohols with initial er values up to 94:6. Exceptional enantio-enrichment of the resultant alcohols results upon crystallization—even near racemic samples spontaneously de-racemize. This enables new families of substituted cyclopentadienes that are both enantiomerically and diastereomerically pure to be rapidly attained.
- Nouch, Ryan,Cini, Melchior,Magre, Marc,Abid, Mohammed,Diéguez, Montserrat,Pàmies, Oscar,Woodward, Simon,Lewis, William
-
p. 17195 - 17198
(2017/11/27)
-
- Novel reversible methionine aminopeptidase-2 (MetAP-2) inhibitors based on purine and related bicyclic templates
-
The natural product fumagillin 1 and derivatives like TNP-470 2 or beloranib 3 bind to methionine aminopeptidase 2 (MetAP-2) irreversibly. This enzyme is critical for protein maturation and plays a key role in angiogenesis. In this paper we describe the synthesis, MetAP-2 binding affinity and structural analysis of reversible MetAP-2 inhibitors. Optimization of enzymatic activity of screening hit 10 (IC50: 1?μM) led to the most potent compound 27 (IC50: 0.038?μM), with a concomitant improvement in LLE from 2.1 to 4.2. Structural analysis of these MetAP-2 inhibitors revealed an unprecedented conformation of the His339 side-chain imidazole ring being co-planar sandwiched between the imidazole of His331 and the aryl-ether moiety, which is bound to the purine scaffold. Systematic alteration and reduction of H-bonding capability of this metal binding moiety induced an unexpected 180° flip for the triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimdine bicyclic template.
- Heinrich, Timo,Buchstaller, Hans-Peter,Cezanne, Bertram,Rohdich, Felix,Bomke, J?rg,Friese-Hamim, Manja,Krier, Mireille,Kn?chel, Thorsten,Musil, Djordje,Leuthner, Birgitta,Zenke, Frank
-
p. 551 - 556
(2017/01/17)
-
- Trisubstituted Pyridinylimidazoles as Potent Inhibitors of the Clinically Resistant L858R/T790M/C797S EGFR Mutant: Targeting of Both Hydrophobic Regions and the Phosphate Binding Site
-
Inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor represents one of the most promising strategies in the treatment of lung cancer. Acquired resistance compromises the clinical efficacy of EGFR inhibitors during long-term treatment. The recently discovered EGFR-C797S mutation causes resistance against third-generation EGFR inhibitors. Here we present a rational approach based on extending the inhibition profile of a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor toward mutant EGFR inhibition. We used a privileged scaffold with proven cellular potency as well as in vivo efficacy and low toxicity. Guided by molecular modeling, we synthesized and studied the structure-activity relationship of 40 compounds against clinically relevant EGFR mutants. We successfully improved the cellular EGFR inhibition down to the low nanomolar range with covalently binding inhibitors against a gefitinib resistant T790M mutant cell line. We identified additional noncovalent interactions, which allowed us to develop metabolically stable inhibitors with high activities against the osimertinib resistant L858R/T790M/C797S mutant.
- Günther, Marcel,Lategahn, Jonas,Juchum, Michael,D?ring, Eva,Keul, Marina,Engel, Julian,Tumbrink, Hannah L.,Rauh, Daniel,Laufer, Stefan
-
p. 5613 - 5637
(2017/07/22)
-
- Benzimidazole-2-piperazine compound, its pharmaceutical composition and its preparation and use
-
The invention relates to a benzimidazole-2-piperazine derivative and a preparing method and application of the benzimidazole-2-piperazine derivative in medicine, in particular to a novel benzimidazole-2-piperazine derivative shown in the general formula (I), a preparing method of the derivative, a pharmaceutical composition containing the derivative and application of the derivative serving as a therapeutic agent, especially serving as a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor. In the general formula (I), R refers to hydrogen or halogen, G refers to carbonyl or methylene, m is 1-2, n is 1-3, and Q refers to hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl. When X is methylene and Y is NR1 or methylene, X is NR1; R1 refers to hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, benzyl, COR2 or SO2R2; R2 refers to the following groups which are not substituted or groups substituted by 1-3 substituent groups, including C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C8 naphthenic base, phenyl, benzyl, naphthyl and C5-C10 aromatic heterocycle base, heterocycle in the C5-C10 aromatic heterocycle base comprises 1-3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, and the substituent groups are selected from the following atoms or groups of C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, halogen, amidogen, nitryl, sulfydryl, hydroxyl, cyanogroup and trifluoromethyl. The general formula (I) is shown in the specification.
- -
-
Paragraph 0207; 0246-0248
(2016/10/20)
-
- Stereoselective Modulation of P-Glycoprotein by Chiral Small Molecules
-
Inhibition of drug efflux pumps such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an approach toward combating multidrug resistance, which is a significant hurdle in current cancer treatments. To address this, N-substituted aryloxymethyl pyrrolidines were designed and synthesized in their homochiral forms in order to investigate the stereochemical requirements for the binding site of P-gp. Our study provides evidence that the chiral property of molecules could be a strategy for improving the capacity for interacting with P-gp, as the most active compounds of the series stereoselectively modulated this efflux pump. The naphthalene-1-yl analogue (R)-2-[(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)methyl]-1-(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)pyrrolidine) [(R)-7 a] emerged foremost for its potency and stereoselectivity toward P-gp, with the S enantiomer being nearly inactive. The modulation of P-gp by (R)-7 a involved consumption of ATP, thus demonstrating that the compound behaves as a P-gp substrate.
- Carocci, Alessia,Catalano, Alessia,Turi, Francesco,Lovece, Angelo,Cavalluzzi, Maria M.,Bruno, Claudio,Colabufo, Nicola A.,Contino, Marialessandra,Perrone, Maria G.,Franchini, Carlo,Lentini, Giovanni
-
-
- A base promoted multigram synthesis of aminoisoxazoles: Valuable building blocks for drug discovery and peptidomimetics
-
A practical multigram metal free synthesis of isoxazole-containing building blocks from commercially available amino acids was elaborated. The key reaction was a regioselective [3 + 2]-cycloaddition of in situ generated nitrile oxides with alkynes/enamines. The obtained building blocks were used in the preparation of bioactive compounds and peptidomimetics.
- Chalyk, Bohdan A.,Kandaurova, Inna Y.,Hrebeniuk, Kateryna V.,Manoilenko, Olga V.,Kulik, Irene B.,Iminov, Rustam T.,Kubyshkin, Vladimir,Tverdokhlebov, Anton V.,Ablialimov, Osman K.,Mykhailiuk, Pavel K.
-
p. 25713 - 25723
(2016/03/25)
-
- Total synthesis and isolation of citrinalin and cyclopiamine congeners
-
Many natural products that contain basic nitrogen atoms-for example alkaloids like morphine and quinine-have the potential to treat a broad range of human diseases. However, the presence of a nitrogen atom in a target molecule can complicate its chemical synthesis because of the basicity of nitrogen atoms and their susceptibility to oxidation. Obtaining such compounds by chemical synthesis can be further complicated by the presence of multiple nitrogen atoms, but it can be done by the selective introduction and removal of functional groups that mitigate basicity. Here we use such a strategy to complete the chemical syntheses of citrinalinB and cyclopiamineB. The chemical connections that have been realized as a result of these syntheses, in addition to the isolation of both 17-hydroxycitrinalinB and citrinalinC (which contains a bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane structural unit) through carbon-13 feeding studies, support the existence of a common bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane-containing biogenetic precursor to these compounds, as has been proposed previously.
- Mercado-Marin, Eduardo V.,Garcia-Reynaga, Pablo,Romminger, Stelamar,Pimenta, Eli. F.,Romney, David K.,Lodewyk, Michael W.,Williams, David E.,Andersen, Raymond J.,Miller, Scott J.,Tantillo, Dean J.,Berlinck, Roberto G. S.,Sarpong, Richmond
-
p. 318 - 324
(2014/06/09)
-
- PYRIDINE AMIDE DERIVATIVES AS EP4 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
-
The invention relates pyridine amide derivative of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen, linear o branched (C1-C3)alkyl or joined together they form a cyclopropyl ring; R is independently selected from the group consisting of halogens and trifluoromethyl and p is 1, 2 or 3; A is C or N; E is a group of formula (B) or (C), wherein B is C(O)OH, C(O)O(C1-C3)alkyl, and C is selected from the group consisting of formula (I) m is 1,2 or 3, n is 0 or 1, W is —O—, —O(C1-C3 alkyl)-; —(C1-C3 alkyl)O—; —C(O)—; —C(═N—O(C1-C3 alkyl))-; —NH— or —NH(C1-C3alkyl)-; Ar is phenyl, optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, methyl, —NH(C1-C3alkyl)-; —N(C1-C3alkyl)(C1-C3alkyl)-, a from 5 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring containing one nitrogen atom which is covalently bonded to Ar and optionally containing one or two heteroatoms selected from N, O and S; and a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from S, O e N, such heteroaromatic ring being substituted with one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of (C1-C3)alkyl, (C3-C5)cycloalkyloxy, (C1-C3)alkylcarbonyl. The compounds of the invention could be used for manufacturing a medicament for the treatment of pathologies which require the use of an antagonist of the EP4 receptor, such as the treatment of acute and chronic pain, inflammatory pain, osteoarthritis, inflammation-associated disorder as arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, endometriosis and migraine.
- -
-
Paragraph 0395-0396
(2013/10/08)
-
- RADIATION-SENSITIVE RESIN COMPOSITION, METHOD FOR FORMING A RESIST PATTERN, COMPOUND, AND POLYMER
-
A radiation-sensitive resin composition includes a first polymer that includes a repeating unit having an acid-labile group and becomes alkali-soluble upon dissociation of the acid-labile group, and a radiation-sensitive acid-generating agent. The acid-labile group has a structure shown by a general formula (1). R1 represents a methyl group or the like, R2 represents a hydrocarbon group that forms a cyclic structure, R3 represents a fluorine atom or the like, R4 represents a carbon atom, and n1 is an integer from 1 to 7.
- -
-
-
- PHARMACEUTICALLY ACTIVE DISUBSTITUTED TRIAZINE DERIVATIVES
-
The present invention relates to disubstituted triazine derivatives and/or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, the use of these derivatives as pharmaceutically active agents, especially for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of infectious diseases, including opportunistic diseases, immunological diseases, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cell proliferative diseases, inflammation, erectile dysfunction and stroke, and pharmaceutical compositions containing at least one of said disubstituted triazine derivatives and/or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of said disubstituted triazine derivatives as inhibitors for a protein kinase.
- -
-
Page/Page column 53
(2012/09/21)
-
- PYRIDINE AMIDE DERIVATIVES AS EP4 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
-
The invention relates pyridine amide derivative of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen, linear o branched (C1-C3)alkyl or joined together they form a cyclopropyl ring; R is independently selected from the group consisting of halogens and trifluoromethyl and p is 1, 2 or 3; A is C or N; E is a group of formula (B) or (C), wherein B is C(O)OH, C(O)O(C1-C3)alkyl, and C is selected from the group consisting of formula (I) m is 1,2 or 3, n is 0 or 1, W is -O-, -O(C1-C3 alkyl)-; -(C1-C3 alkyl)O-; -C(O)-; -C(=N-O(C1-C3 alkyl))-; -NH- or -NH(C1-C3alkyl)-; Ar is phenyl, optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, methyl, -NH(C1-C3alkyl)-; -N(C1-C3alkyl)(C1-C3alkyl)-, a from 5 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring containing one nitrogen atom which is convalently bonded to Ar and optionally containing one or two heteroatoms selected from N, O and S; and a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from S, O e N, such heteroaromatic ring being substituted with one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of (C1-C3)alkyl, (C3-C5)cycloalkyloxy, (C1-C3)alkylcarbonyl. The compounds of the invention could be used for manufacturing a medicament for the treatment of pathologies which require the use of an antagonist of the EP4 receptor, such as the treatment of acute and chronic pain, inflammatory pain, osteoarthritis, inflammation-associated disorder as arthritis, rheumatoid artrhritis, cancer, endometriosis and migraine.
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-
Page/Page column 55
(2012/06/30)
-
- Synthesis and biological evaluation of potential 5-HT7 receptor PET radiotracers
-
Brain serotonin 7 receptor (5-HT7) is involved in several mood disorders and drug candidates targeting this subtype are currently in development. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a molecular imaging modality offering great promise for accelerating the process from preclinical discovery to clinical phases. As no PET radiopharmaceutical has yet been used successfully to study the 5-HT7 receptor in vivo, our objective is to develop the first 5-HT7 fluorine-18 labeled radiotracer. Four structural analogs of SB269970, a specific 5-HT7 receptor antagonist, divided in FP3 series and FPMP series were synthesized. Their antagonist effects were investigated by cellular functional assay. Nitro-precursors of these analogs were radiolabeled via a [18F-]nucleophilic substitution and in vitro autoradiographies were performed in rat brain. Chemical and radiochemical purities of fluorine radiotracers were >99% with specific activities in 40-129 GBq/μmole range. The four derivates presented antagonism potencies toward 5-HT7 receptors (pKB) between 7.8 and 8.8. The four PET radiotracers had suitable characteristic for 5-HT7 receptor probing in vitro even if the FP3 series seemed to be more specific for this receptor. These results encourage us to pursue in vivo studies.
- Andries, Julien,Lemoine, Laetitia,Le Bars, Didier,Zimmer, Luc,Billard, Thierry
-
p. 3455 - 3461
(2011/08/03)
-
- Novel pyrrolidone derivatives for use as MetAP-2 inhibitors
-
Compounds of the formula (I), in which R, X, Y, Z, R3 and R4 have the meanings indicated in claim 1, are inhibitors of methionine aminopeptidase and can be employed for the treatment of tumours.
- -
-
-
- PYRIMIDONE DERIVATIVES USED AS TAU PROTEIN KINASE 1 INHIBITORS
-
A compound represented by the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: wherein Z represents nitrogen atom or C-X; X represents hydrogen atom or fluorine atom; R1 is hydrogen atom or a C1 -C3 alkyl group; L represents single bond or a C1 -C6 alkylene group which may be substituted; Y represents single bond, sulfur atom, oxygen atom, NH, or the like; R2 represents hydrogen atom or a cyclic group which may be substituted, which is used for preventive and/or therapeutic treatment of a disease caused by abnormal activity of tau protein kinase 1 such as a neurodegenerative diseases (e.g. Alzheimer disease).
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-
Page/Page column 43-44
(2011/02/24)
-
- Chemo- And stereodivergent preparation of terminal epoxides and bromohydrins through One-Pot biocatalysed reactions: Access to enantiopure Five- and Six-Membered N-Heterocycles
-
Different enantiopure terminal epoxides or bromohydrins have chemoselectively been synthesised in one-pot starting from the corresponding a-bromo ketones through alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)-catalysed processes adding an organic cosolvent and tuning appropriately the medium pH and the temperature. Thus, at neutral pH enantiopure bromohydrins were obtained while using basic conditions (pH 9.5-10) epoxides were isolated as the main product. Furthermore, by simple selection of the biocatalyst, chemo- and stereodivergent transformations were achieved to obtain, e.g., enantiopure prolinol or piperidin-3-ol.
- Bisogno, Fabricio R.,Cuetos, Anibal,Orden, Alejandro A.,Kurina-Sanz, Marcela,Lavandera, Ivan,Gotor, Vicente
-
supporting information; experimental part
p. 1657 - 1661
(2010/09/18)
-
- Substituted Disulfonamide Compounds
-
Substituted disulfonamide compounds corresponding to formula I: In which R1, R2, R3, R4a, R4b, R5a, R5b, R8, R9a, R9b, R10, R11, a, b, s, t and A have defined meanings, pharmaceutical compositions containing one or more such compounds, processes for preparing such compounds, and a method of using such compounds for the treatment or inhibition of pain and/or other conditions mediated by the bradykinin receptor 1 (BR1).
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-
Page/Page column 37
(2010/06/22)
-
- ADENINE DERIVATIVES
-
Novel adenine derivatives of the formula (I), in which R1, R2, R3, X and Y have the meanings indicated in Claim 1, are HSP90 inhibitors and can be used for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of diseases in which the inhibition, regulation and/or modulation of HSP90 plays a role.
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Page/Page column 15
(2010/07/04)
-
- 5-Lipoxygenase-activating protein inhibitors. Part 2: 3-{5-((S)-1-Acetyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-2-ylmethoxy)-3-tert-butylsulfanyl-1-[4-(5-methoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-benzyl]-1H-indol-2-yl}-2,2-dimethyl-propionic acid (AM679)-A potent FLAP inhibitor
-
A series of potent 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) inhibitors are herein described. SAR studies focused on the discovery of novel alicyclic moieties appended to an indole core to optimize potency, physical properties and off-target activities. Subsequent SAR on the N-benzyl substituent of the indole led to the discovery of compound 39 (AM679) which showed potent inhibition of leukotrienes in human blood and in a rodent bronchoalvelolar lavage (BAL) challenge model.
- Stock, Nicholas,Baccei, Christopher,Bain, Gretchen,Broadhead, Alex,Chapman, Charles,Darlington, Janice,King, Christopher,Lee, Catherine,Li, Yiwei,Lorrain, Daniel S.,Prodanovich, Pat,Rong, Haojing,Santini, Angelina,Zunic, Jasmine,Evans, Jilly F.,Hutchinson, John H.,Prasit, Peppi
-
scheme or table
p. 213 - 217
(2010/04/24)
-
- Chiral aryloxyalkylamines: Selective 5-HT1B/1D activation and analgesic activity
-
A series of chiral 2,3-dichlorophenoxy and 1-naphthyloxy alkylamines were synthesized, and their binding affinities towards 5-HT1D and h5-HT1B receptors were evaluated. In the naphthyloxy series, the (R)-prolinol derivative was the most selective 5-HT1D ligand, while (S)-N-methyl-2-(1-naphthyloxy)propan-1-amine showed the highest selectivity for h5-HT1B. Both compounds performed as 5-HT1D agonists in the isolated guinea pig assay and showed higher analgesic activity than both sumatriptan and the achiral analogue 20b in the mouse hotplate test. Neither ligand displayed any affinity for nicotinic ACh receptors present in mouse brain membranes, thus indicating that their analgesic activity does not arise through interaction with these receptors.
- Carocci, Alessia,Lentini, Giovanni,Catalano, Alessia,Cavalluzzi, Maria Maddalena,Bruno, Claudio,Muraglia, Marilena,Colabufo, Nicola Antonio,Galeotti, Nicoletta,Corbo, Filomena,Matucci, Rosanna,Ghelardini, Carla,Franchini, Carlo
-
scheme or table
p. 696 - 704
(2011/02/22)
-
- SUBSTITUTED BENZHYDRYLETHERS
-
Disclosed herein are substituted benzhydrylethers of Formula I, processes of preparation thereof, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods of their use thereof.
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-
Page/Page column 33
(2009/08/18)
-
- The first example of enamine-Lewis acid cooperative bifunctional catalysis: Application to the asymmetric Aldol reaction
-
(-)-Sparteine directed lithiation of N-Boc-pyrrolidine, alkylation with chloromethylboronate pinacol ester and acid-based deprotection provides homoboroproline HX salt in 94% ee, which is then an efficient enamine-type pyrrolidine catalyst in an asymmetric aldol reaction when neutralised and especially when esterified in situ with a tartrate ester, for example, providing 90% ee of the aldol adduct derived from acetone and p-nitrobenzaldehyde. The Royal Society of Chemistry.
- Arnold, Kenny,Batsanov, Andrei S.,Davies, Bryan,Grosjean, Christophe,Schuetz, Thorben,Whiting, Andrew,Zawatzky, Kerstin
-
p. 3879 - 3881
(2009/02/07)
-
- 5-PYRIDINONE SUBSTITUTED INDAZOLES
-
Various 5-substituted 1-substituted indazoles are described, as are pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds and methods of treatment of diseases using these compounds. Other embodiments are also described.
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-
Page/Page column 73
(2008/12/07)
-
- OXAZOLE DERIVATIVES AS HISTAMINE H3 RECEPTOR AGENTS, PREPARATION AND THERAPEUTIC USES
-
The present invention discloses novel aryl oxazole compounds of Formula I (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which have histamine-H3 receptor antagonist or inverse agonist activity, as well as methods for preparing and using such compounds. In another embodiment, the invention discloses pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of Formula I as well as methods of using these compositions to treat obesity, cognitive deficiencies, narcolepsy, and other histamine H3 receptor-related diseases. Formula I (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: m is independenlly at each occurrence 1, 2, or 3, Z independently represents carbon (substituted with hydrogen or the optional substituents indicated herein) or nitrogen, provided that when Z is nitrogen then R6 is not attached to Z; R1 and R2 are independently -(C1-C7) alkyl(optionally substituted with one to three halogens), or R1 and R2 and the nitrogen to which they are attached form an azetidinyl ring, a pyrrolidinyl ring, or a piperidinyl ring, wherein further the azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, or piperidinyl ring so formed may be optionally substituted one to three times with R5; R6 is independently at each occurrence -H, -halogen, or -CH3.
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Page/Page column 60
(2008/06/13)
-
- Transition state analogue discrimination by related purine nucleoside phosphorylases
-
Transition state analogues of PNP, the Immucillins and DADMe-Immucillins, were designed to match transition state features of bovine and human PNPs, respectively. The inhibitors with or without the hydroxyl and hydroxymethyl groups of the substrate demonstrate that inhibitor geometry mimicking that of the transition state confers binding affinity discrimination. This finding is remarkable since crystallographic analysis indicates complete conservation of active site residues and contacts to ligands in human and bovine PNPs. Copyright
- Taylor Ringia, Erika A.,Tyler, Peter C.,Evans, Gary B.,Furneaux, Richard H.,Murkin, Andrew S.,Schramm, Vern L.
-
p. 7126 - 7127
(2007/10/03)
-
- INHIBITORS OF HUMAN TUMOR-EXPRESSED CCXCKR2
-
Pharmaceutical compositions containing organic compounds or salts thereof that serve as modulators for the SDF-1 or I-TAC chemokines are disclosed. The compounds and compositions are useful in the treatment of cancer, especially in the inhibition of cancer proliferation, growth, and metastasis. Methods of interfering with SDF-1 and/or I-TAC binding to the CCXCKR2 receptor and treating cancer using the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention are also disclosed.
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-
-
- Process for preparing 2-methylpyrrolidine and specific enantiomers thereof
-
The invention relates to a process for preparing 2-methylpyrrolidine and, more particularly, specific enantiomers of 2-methylpyrrolidine. Novel intermediates also are described.
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-
-
- Process for preparing 2-methylpyrrolidine and specific enantiomers thereof
-
The invention relates to a process for preparing 2-methylpyrrolidine and, more particularly, specific enantiomers of 2-methylpyrrolidine. Novel intermediates also are described.
- -
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- Enzyme-catalyzed enantiomeric resolution of N-Boc-proline as the key-step in an expeditious route towards RAMP
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For the preparation of both enantiomers of N-carbamoyl-2-methoxymethylpyrrolidine, the precursors of Enders' chiral auxiliaries, SAMP and RAMP, enzyme-catalyzed kinetic resolution of racemic N-carbamoyl, N-Boc, N-Cbz proline esters and prolinols were examined. B. licheniformis protease (subtilisin) preferentially hydrolyzed the (R)-carbamoylproline ester with an enantiomeric ratio (E) of 10. To a hydrophobic N-Cbz proline ester, subtilisin showed lower selectivity (E=2.8), and in contrast, a purified protease (isozyme A) from the earthworm showed the preference of (S)-enantiomer (E=13.6). In a practical sense, C. antarctica lipase B (Chirazyme L-2) was effective for the hydrolysis of both N-Boc and N-Cbz derivatives with E >100. The e.e. of (R)-N-carbamoyl-2-methoxymethylpyrrolidine was raised to be >99.9% by recrystallization at the N-Boc-prolinol stage, which was derived from the (R)-N-Boc-proline methyl ester (98.7% e.e.) through a preparative-scale enzyme-catalyzed resolution (49% yield) of the racemic substrate.
- Kurokawa, Masayuki,Shindo, Takeyuki,Suzuki, Masumi,Nakajima, Nobuyoshi,Ishihara, Kohji,Sugai, Takeshi
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p. 1323 - 1333
(2007/10/03)
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- Endomorphin-1 analogues containing β-proline are μ-opioid receptor agonists and display enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis resistance
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In this paper we describe the synthesis and affinity toward the μ-opioid receptor of some tetrapeptides obtained from endomorphin-1, H-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH2 (1), by substituting each amino acid in turn with its homologue. The ability to bind μ -opioid receptors depends on the β-amino acid, and in particular 4, which contains β-L-Pro, has a KI, in the nanomolar range. The peptides 4 and 5 are significantly more resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis than 1. The same compounds, as well as the μ-opioid receptor agonist DAMGO, produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP formation, thus behaving as μ-opioid agonists. These features suggest that this novel class of endomorphin-1 analogues may represent suitable candidates for the in vivo investigation as potential μ-opioid receptor agonists.
- Cardillo, Giuliana,Gentilucci, Luca,Qasem, Ahmed R.,Sgarzi, Fabio,Spampinato, Santi
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p. 2571 - 2578
(2007/10/03)
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- A novel N-(pyrrolidinyl-2-methyl)glycine-based PNA with a strong preference for RNA over DNA
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A novel, N-(pyrrolidinyl-2-methyl)glycine-based (Pmg-based) PNA is introduced. The synthesis of the backbone was accomplished in good yield, starting from prolinol. Thymine (S)- and (R)-Pmg and adenine- and cytosine-derived (R)-Pmg monomers were prepared. Five different fragments - two with either the (R) or the (S) isomer of the thymine Pmg monomer, two oligomers with two consecutive (R)- or (S)-thymine Pmg units, and fully modified (R)-Pmg decamer - were assembled on a solid support. UV thermal melting experiments with complementary DNA and RNA were performed in order to determine the effects of conformational restriction, steric hindrance, and chirality on the duplex stability. It was found that the (R)-Pmg-containing PNAs bound better to DNA and RNA than those containing the (S)-Pmg isomer and that both (S)- and (R)-Pmg-containing PNAs preferentially bound to complementary RNA with a selectivity higher than that of 2-(aminoethyl)glycine (Aeg) PNA. However, even (R)-Pmg-containing oligomers showed poorer duplex stability than nonmodified Aeg-PNA, while no detectable binding either to the DNA or to the RNA was observed with the fully modified (R)-Pmg decamer. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002.
- Slaitas, Andis,Yeheskiely, Esther
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p. 2391 - 2399
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis and hybridization of novel chiral pyrrolidine based PNA analogue
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Four different PNA fragments containing units of either the R- or S- isomer of N-(2-pyrrolidine-methyl)-N-(thymine-1-acetyl)-glycine (Pmg) were synthesized on a solid support. UV thermal melting experiments with complementary RNAs were performed and it was found that R-Pmg containing PNAs bind better to RNA than those containing the S-Pmg units.
- Slaitas,Yeheskiely
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p. 1377 - 1379
(2007/10/03)
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- Triazole derivatives
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Triazole derivatives represented by formula (IIA), and salts and prodrug thereof, wherein R1 represents C1-6 alkoxy(C1-6)alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl(C1-6)alkyl, aryl, aryl(C1-6)alkyl, aryloxy(C1-6)alkyl, aryl(C2-6)alkenyl, aryl(C2-6)alkynyl, C3-7 heterocycloalkyl(C1-6)alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C1-6)alkyl, heteroaryl(C2-6)alkenyl or heteroaryl(C2-6)alkynyl, any of which groups may be optionally substituted; are selective agonist of 5-HT1 -like receptors and are therefore useful in the treatment of clinical conditions, in particular migraine and associated disorders, for which a selective agonist of these receptors is indicated. STR1
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- 3-pyridyloxymethyl heterocyclic ether compounds useful in controlling neurotransmitter release
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Novel heterocyclic ether compounds of the formula: STR1 wherein n, *, R1, R2, R3 and y are specifically defined, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs thereof, which are useful in selectively controlling neurotransmitter release; therapeutically-effective pharmaceutical compositions of these compounds; and use of said compositions to selectively control neurotransmitter release in mammals.
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- Pyrrolizidine alkaloids. A concise entry to (-)-pyrrolam A
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The synthesis of (-)-pyrrolam A starting from (R)-prolinol is described. The key step is the dehydrative alkylation of a conveniently protected (R)-prolinol with triethyl methanetricarboxylae under the conditions of the mitsunobu reaction.
- Giovenzana, Giovanni B.,Sisti, Massimo,Palmisano, Giovanni
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p. 515 - 518
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis and absolute configuration of two defensive alkaloids from the Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna varivestis
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Syntheses of (2S,12'R)-2-(12'-aminotridecyl)-pyrrolidine (1) and (28,12'R)-1-(2'-hydroxyethyl)-2-(12'-aminotridecyl)-pyrrolidine (2), two defensive alkaloids recently isolated from the Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna varivestis, are described. By a comparison of 1H NMR data of MTPA derivatives of natural alkaloid 2 with those of the synthetic standard, we confirm the (2S,12'R) configuration previously suggested for this alkaloid. Further support of these assignments was provided by the synthesis and 1H NMR investigation of(2S,12'S)-1, (2S,12'S)-2, and their MTPA derivatives.
- Shi, Xiongwei,Attygalle, Athula B.,Meinwald, Jerrold
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p. 6479 - 6482
(2007/10/03)
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- Asymmetric synthesis of (R)- and (S)- 2-pyrrolidinemethanesulfonic acid
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(R)- and (S)-2-Pyrrolidinemethanesulfonic acid, 3a and 3b, were synthesized from the corresponding N-Boc-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-pyrrolidine, 6a and 6b. This asymmetric synthesis proceeds in mild conditions, with good overall yields and high enantiomeric purities (>99% ee).
- Braghiroli, Daniela,Avallone, Rossella,Di Bella, Maria
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p. 2209 - 2213
(2007/10/03)
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- Imidazole, Triazole and tetrazole derivatives
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Imidazole, triazole and tetrazole derivatives of formula (I) are selective agonists of 5-HT1 -like receptors and are therefore useful in the treatment of clinical conditions, in particular migraine and associated disorders, for which a selective agonist of these receptors is indicated, wherein the broken circle represents two non-adjacent double bonds in any position in the five-membered ring; two, three or four of V, W, X, Y and Z represent nitrogen and the remainder represent carbon provided that, when two of V, W, X, Y and Z represent nitrogen and the remainder represent carbon, then the said nitrogen atoms are in non-adjacent positions within the five-membered ring; E represents a bond or a straight or branched alkylene chain containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; F represents a group of formula (a); U represents nitrogen or C--R2 ; B represents oxygen, sulphur or N--R3 ; R1 represents a group of formula (i), (ii) or (iii).
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- Conversion of chiral amino acids to enantiomerically pure α-methylamines
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Enantiomerically enriched α-methylamines are obtained in high yield by Raney nickel reduction of N-Boc-protected, amino acid-derived thioethers.
- Donner
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p. 1223 - 1226
(2007/10/02)
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- N-Acyl-2-substituted-1,3-thiazolidines, a New Class of Non-narcotic Antitussive Agents: Studies Leading to the Discovery of Ethyl 2--β-oxothiazolidine-3-propanoate
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The synthesis of a novel class of antitussive agents is described.The compounds were examined for antitussive activity in guinea pig after cough induction by electrical or chemical stimulation.Ethyl 2--β-oxothiazolidine-3-propanoate (BBR 2173, moguisteine, 7) and other structurally related compounds showed a significant level of activity, comparable to that of codeine and dextromethorphan.The compounds presented in this paper are characterized by the N-acyl-2-substituted-1,3-thiazolidine moiety, which is a novel entry in the field of antitussive agents.The serendipitous discovery of the role played by the thiazolidine moiety in the determining the antitussive effect promoted extensive investigations on these structures.This optimization process on N-acyl-2-substituted-1,3-thiazolidines led to the initial identification of 2--3--1,3-thiazolidine (18a) as an interesting lead compound.The careful study of the rapid and very complicated metabolism of 18a provided further insights for the design of newer related derivatives.The observation that the metabolic oxidation on the lateral chain's sulfur of 18a to sulfoxide maintained the antitussive properties suggested the introduction of isosteric functional groups with respect to the sulfoxide moiety.Subsequent structural modifications showed that hydrolyzable malonic residues in the 3-position of the thiazolidine ring were able to assure high antitussive activity.This optimization ultimately led to the selection of moguisteine (7) as the most effective and safest representative of the series.Moguisteine is completely devoid of unwanted side effects (such as sedation and addiction), and its activity was demonstrated also in clinical studies.
- Gandolfi, Carmelo A.,Domenico, Roberto Di,Spinelli, Silvano,Gallico, Licia,Fiocchi, Luigi,et al.
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p. 508 - 525
(2007/10/02)
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- Synthesis and in Vitro Characterization of Novel Amino Terminally Modified Oxotremorine Derivatives for Brain Muscarinic Receptors
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A series of novel 2-substituted acetylenic pyrrolidines and piperidines related to oxotremorine (1) were prepared and evaluated in vitro as muscarinic cholinergic agents at brain M1 and M2 receptors.One analogue, 3-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)-1--1-propyne hydrogen oxalate (6a), was found to be a partial agonist producing a PI hydrolysis response at cortical M1 receptors approximately 3-fold larger than that produced by 1.The intrinsic activity profile of 6a at brain muscarinic receptors is similar to those of azetidine oxo analogue 2 and dimethylamino oxo analogue (3).All three compounds are partial M1 agonists and full M2 agonists; however, the profile of 6a in binding studies is significantly different.While 2 and 3 exhibit large M2 selectivities ranging between 8-fold to several hundred-fold, the binding profile of 6a shows almost no subtype selectivity.
- Garvey, David S.,Wasicak, James T.,Chung, John Y.-L.,Shue, Youe-Kong,Carrera, George M.,et al.
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p. 1550 - 1557
(2007/10/02)
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- Chemical and biochemical studies of 2-propynylpyrrolidine derivatives. Restricted-rotation analogues of N-methyl-N-(1-methyl-4-pyrrolidino-2-butynyl)acetamide (BM-5)
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A series of optically pure 2-[substituted-3-aminopropynyl]pyrrolidine derivatives, which are restricted-rotation analogues of the muscarinic agent N-methyl-N-(1-methyl-4-pyrrolidino-2-butynyl)acetamide (BM-5, compound 1), have been prepared from d- and l-proline. The compounds when tested in a series of in vitro muscarinic assays [[3H]CD (cortex), [3H]QNB (cortex), [3H]PZ (cortex), [3H]QNB (heart), [3H]QNB + GppNHp (heart)] were found to have weaker muscarinic properties than compound 1. The decrease in affinity was attributed to the increased size of the molecule resulting from the addition of a methylene group to form the pyrrolidine ring. The use of optically active compounds provided a more detailed examination of the complex pharmacological effects of the flexible muscarinic agent 1. The R enantiomers in the acetamide derivatives 12b, 12d, and 12f had a 5-10-fold greater affinity for the muscarinic receptor than the corresponding S enantiomers. A 5-fold difference or less found in the (R)- and (S)-carbamate derivatives 9, 15, and 16 suggested close overlap of the two enantiomers in the receptor binding domain. The affinity differences found in the enantiomeric acetamido derivatives when compared to those of the carbamate analogues may be the result of limited rotation of the acetamido group.
- Trybulski,Kramss,Mangano,Rusinko III
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p. 3190 - 3198
(2007/10/02)
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