RSC Advances
Paper
3
+
3+
2+
4+
to provide a redox reaction: Co –Mn 4 Co –Mn . In
addition, abundant surface oxygen vacancies are benecial for
maintaining electrostatic balance and participating in the redox
reaction. These results indicates the insignicant effect of low-
temperature reducibility, the synergistic effect of Co and Mn
species and surface oxygen vacancies on the catalytic activity for
total toluene oxidation.
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. Conclusions
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
A series of unique Co–Mn oxides with different Co/Mn molar
ratios and morphology grown on interconnected Ni foam were
well prepared via an ordinary hydrothermal reaction, in which
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4
Co1.5Mn1.5O with the molar ratios of 1 : 1 displayed the highest
131.
catalytic activity for total toluene oxidation. It is observed that
the Co/Mn molar ratio played signicant inuence on the
textural properties and catalytic activities of obtained catalysts.
Pure Co O sample mainly exhibited a series of intertwined and
hexagonal nanosheets with the epitaxial nanowires, pure
Mn sample showed many hexagonal nanosheets with
a diameter of 1–2 mm, the Co–Mn composite oxides mainly
appeared urchin shapes self-assembled via a large number of
nanowires. Based on the temperature values of complete
toluene oxidation, the activity of toluene catalytic oxidation
follows Co1.5Mn1.5O z Co MnO > Co O > CoMn O > Mn O .
From the characterization results of XPS and H -TPR, intro-
ducing Mn element into Co
tion of a solid solution between Co and Mn species, improved
the low-temperature reducibility, concentration of surface Mn
and Co species, and surface oxygen vacancies. It is deduced
that he synergistic effect of Co and Mn species provided a redox
reaction: Co –Mn 4 Co –Mn and enhanced the catalytic
activity for total toluene oxidation.
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3
4
3 4
O
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4
2
4
3
4
2
4
3 4
2
1
3 4
O sample resulted in the forma-
3
+
3
+
2
2
2
2
2
3
+
3+
2+
4+
Conflicts of interest
There are no conicts to declare.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of
Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2018A030313734).
2
2
2
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6540 | RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 6533–6541
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