Journal of Materials Chemistry A
Paper
and the conversion from glycerol to formic acid could be
described by the following equation (eqn (3)).
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M. W. Chen, Y. Liu, H. Li, H. A. Wu and T. Zhai, Adv.
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C2H6O2 (ethylene glycol) ꢁ 6eꢁ + 6OHꢁ ꢁ 4H2O ¼ 2CH2O2 (3)
Similarly, the faradaic efficiency of formic acid for ethylene
glycol oxidation was described by eqn (4),
Nðformic acid yieldÞ
FEð%Þ ¼
ꢃ 100%
(4)
Qtotal=ðZ2 ꢃ FÞ
in which Qtotal is the total charge passed through the electrodes,
Z1 ¼ 8/3 and Z2 ¼ 3 are the numbers of electrons that form
a mole of formic acid, and F is the Faraday constant (96485 C
molꢁ1).
Author contributions
markets/formic-acid-price, accessed.
17 D. A. Bulushev and J. R. H. Ross, ChemSusChem, 2018, 11,
821–836.
18 Z. Zhang, L. Xin and W. Li, Appl. Catal., B, 2012, 119–120, 40–
48.
19 J. Qi, L. Xin, D. J. Chadderdon, Y. Qiu, Y. Jiang, N. Benipal,
C. Liang and W. Li, Appl. Catal., B, 2014, 154–155, 360–368.
J. G. and X. X. lead the project. Z. K. designed and performed
experiments. W. N. assisted with product analysis by NMR. X. Y.
and X. P. conducted the STEM characterization. D. H. and X. S.
helped with mechanism studies for this research. S.Y. helped
with some electrochemical measurements and involved into
writing this paper.
˜
20 M. Simoes, S. Baranton and C. Coutanceau, Appl. Catal., B,
2010, 93, 354–362.
Conflicts of interest
21 H. J. Kim, S. M. Choi, M. H. Seo, S. Green, G. W. Huber and
W. B. Kim, Electrochem. Commun., 2011, 13, 890–893.
22 S. Lee, H. J. Kim, E. J. Lim, Y. Kim, Y. Noh, G. W. Huber and
W. B. Kim, Green Chem., 2016, 18, 2877–2887.
23 A. Zalineeva, A. Serov, M. Padilla, U. Martinez,
K. Artyushkova, S. Baranton, C. Coutanceau and
P. B. Atanassov, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2014, 136, 3937–3945.
24 M. Simoes, S. Baranton and C. Coutanceau, ChemSusChem,
2012, 5, 2106–2124.
25 S. Wang, Y. Wang, S. L. Zhang, S. Q. Zang and X. W. D. Lou,
Adv. Mater., 2019, 31, e1903404.
26 Q. Yu, C. Liu, X. Li, C. Wang, X. Wang, H. Cao, M. Zhao,
G. Wu, W. Su, T. Ma, J. Zhang, H. Bao, J. Wang, B. Ding,
M. He, Y. Yamauchi and X. S. Zhao, Appl. Catal., B, 2020,
269, 118757.
There are no conicts to declare.
Acknowledgements
Jing Gu acknowledges San Diego State University (SDSU) start-
up funds and NSF award (CEBT-1704992) to support this
research. We gratefully acknowledge the UC Irvine Materials
Research Institute (IMRI) for helping with STEM and XPS
characterization. IMRI was funded in part by the National
Science Foundation Major Research Instrumentation Program
under grant no. CHE-1338173.
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