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average particle size was about 10 nm which was slightly
6
1
5,16
greater than the actual diameter of BSA (9 nm).
In another sequence of operations, the BSA-coated glass slide
was treated with dansyl chloride 3 (Scheme 2, surface g) solution
in acetonitrile–water (1 : 4) for 45 min in the dark. After exhaustive
washings with acetonitrile–water the slide was observed under a
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found to be uniformly distributed whereas the control slide
8
(without protein) did not exhibit such a fluorescence [Fig. 3(B)].
In summary, we have successfully applied a relatively mild
copper-free ‘click’ chemistry protocol to derivatize a glass/Si
surface with a Fischer carbene function that allows rapid im-
mobilisation of proteins on such a surface, leading to the forma-
tion of a stable protein adlayer. We believe that this procedure is
adaptable with suitable modifications to other metallic or poly-
meric surfaces. The range of molecules that can, in principle, be
immobilised through their amino tethers would include drugs,
enzymes antibodies, nucleic acids and others, leading to nano-
sensors. The present work also widens the scope of applying
Fischer carbene complexes in biological and biomedical sciences.
The authors wish to thank Santanu Karan (IACS) for
fluorescent spectrum; Siddhartha Bhaumik (IICB, Kolkata)
for fluorescent microscopy; R. Banik (AFM), S. Maji and C.
Chakraborty (HRSEM); P. P. Bhattacharya (IR) for technical
supports at IACS; CSIR, New Delhi, for Research Fellow-
ships (S. S., P. D. and A. C.); and Department of Science and
Technology (DST) of India for financial support.
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Notes and references
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4 For a similar study, see: S. Laib, A. Krieg, P. Ha
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fliger and N.
13
y This observation differs from a previous report where the reaction
of alkynyl Fischer carbene complexes with azide yielded a b-amino
alkenyl carbene complex as the only product. In our reaction, the
b-amino alkenyl carbene complex was formed only to the extent of
20% at best. Detailed experimental results of this study will be
2
4, 6866.
reported separately in due course.
z The calculation is based on Molecular Modelling (MM2) Software.
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Fluorescent spectra were recorded at an excitation wavelength of
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This journal is ꢁc The Royal Society of Chemistry 2008
Chem. Commun., 2008, 5957–5959 | 5959