Paraquat

Base Information

• Chemical Name: Paraquat
• CAS No.: 4685-14-7
• Deprecated CAS: 116047-10-0
• Molecular Formula: C12H14N2
• Molecular Weight: 186.257
• Hs Code.: 3808931100
• European Community (EC) Number: 225-141-7
• UN Number: 2781
• UNII: PLG39H7695
• DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID3034799
• Nikkaji Number: J913J
• Wikipedia: Paraquat
• Wikidata: Q26841324
• Metabolomics Workbench ID: 45895
• ChEMBL ID: CHEMBL74469
• Mol file: 4685-14-7.mol

Synonyms:Gramoxone;Methyl Viologen;Paragreen A;Paraquat;Viologen, Methyl

Chemical Property of Paraquat

Chemical Property:

• Appearance/Colour: off-white powder
• Melting Point: 300 °C (decomp)
• Refractive Index: 1.5600 (estimate)
• Boiling Point: 310.75°C (rough estimate)
• PSA: 7.76000
• Density: 0.9748 (rough estimate)
• LogP: 1.00260
• XLogP3: 1.7
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 0
• Rotatable Bond Count: 1
• Exact Mass: 186.115698455
• Heavy Atom Count: 14
• Complexity: 145

Purity/Quality:

99% ^*data from raw suppliers

PARAQUAT 95.00% ^*data from reagent suppliers

Safty Information:

• Pictogram(s): T
• Hazard Codes: T
• Statements: 26/27/28
• Safety Statements: 1-13-45

MSDS Files:

Total 1 MSDS from other Authors

Useful:

• Chemical Classes: Pesticides -> Herbicides, Bipyridyl
• Canonical SMILES: C[N+]1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC=[N+](C=C2)C
• Description: Paraquat is classified as quick-acting and non-selective herbicide, which is one of the most widely used herbicides all over the world. It is widely applied in agriculture to control a exceedingly wide range of annual grasses, broad-leaved weeds and established perennial weeds on contact, which can benefit more than a hundred crops, including cereals, oil seeds, fruit and vegetables, growing in all climates. It can be photochemically decomposed by irradiation of ultraviolet rays in aqueous solutions and is rapidly inactivated by soil. As a chemical weed killer, the outstanding properties of paraquat distinguish itself from other agents applied in plant protection products. Paraquat is a quaternary ammonium compound with herbicide properties, as diquat. It is contained in Cekuquat or Dipril.
• Uses: It can cause contact and phototoxic contact dermatitis, acne, and leucoderma, mainly in agrieultural workers.

Technology Process of Paraquat

There total 42 articles about Paraquat which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:

Reference yield:

C12H14N2(2+)*C10H12O (83214-30-6) → Paraquat (4685-14-7,25128-26-1) + E-1-(4'-methoxyphenyl)prop-1-ene (4180-23-8,25086-72-0,63589-56-0)

Guidance literature:

In methanol; Equilibrium constant;

DOI:10.1021/ja00387a002

Reference yield:

methyl viologen cation radical (26985-31-9) → Paraquat (4685-14-7,25128-26-1)

Guidance literature:

With dihydrogen peroxide; In water; at 25 ℃; Rate constant; Mechanism; Thermodynamic data; different: peroxides, solvents, pH's, temperatures; ΔH(excit.), ΔS(excit.); kinetics;

DOI:10.1021/jo00320a006

Reference yield:

methyl viologen cation radical (26985-31-9) + 5,5-dimethyl-4-ethyl-2-oxomorpholin-3-yl (143984-03-6) → Paraquat (4685-14-7,25128-26-1) + 5,5-dimethyl-4-ethyl-2-oxomorpholine (136476-53-4)

Guidance literature:

With Tris buffer; In methanol; at 25 ℃; Rate constant;

DOI:10.1021/ja00027a026

upstream raw materials:

4,4'-bipyridine

methyl bromide

2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-3',4',5',6'-tetrachlorofluorescein dianion

methyl viologen cation radical

Downstream raw materials:

2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-3',4',5',6'-tetrachlorofluorescein dianion

methyl viologen cation radical

disulfanediyldiacetic acid

1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-dipyridylium radical cation

Refernces

• 1、 Cai, Kang,Shi, Yi,Cao, Changsu,Vemuri, Suneal,Cui, Binbin,Shen, Dengke,Wu, Huang,Zhang, Long,Qiu, Yunyan,Chen, Hongliang,Jiao, Yang,Stern, Charlotte L.,Alsubaie, Fehaid M.,Xiao, Hai,Li, Jun,Fraser Stoddart. "Tuning radical interactions in trisradical tricationic complexes by varying host-cavity sizes". . p. 107 - 112. Retrieved 2019/12/30.
• 2、 McCune, Jade A.,Kunz, Susanna,Olesińska, Magdalena,Scherman, Oren A.. "DESolution of CD and CB Macrocycles". supporting information. p. 8601 - 8604. Retrieved 2017/06/30.