1131-63-1Relevant articles and documents
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Newman,Zahm
, p. 1097,1099 (1943)
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Evidence for aromatic ring reduction in the biodegradation pathway of carboxylated naphthalene by a sulfate reducing consortium
Zhang, Xiaoming,Sullivan, Elise R.,Young
, p. 117 - 124 (2000)
Naphthalene was used as a model compound in order to study the anaerobic pathway of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation. Previously we had determined that carboxylation is an initial step for anaerobic metabolism of naphthalene, but no other intermediate metabolites were identified (Zhang & Young 1997). In the present study we further elucidate the pathway with the identification of six novel naphthalene metabolites detected when cultures were fed naphthalene in the presence of its analog 1-fluoronaphthalene. Results from cultures supplemented with either deuterated naphthalene or non-deuterated naphthalene plus [13C]bicarbonate confirm that the metabolites originated from naphthalene. Three of these metabolites were identified by comparison with the following standards: 2-naphthoic acid (2-NA), 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthoic acid, and decahydro-2-naphthoic acid. The presence of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-NA as a metabolite of naphthalene degradation indicates that the first reduction reaction occurs at the unsubstituted ring, rather than the carboxylated ring. The overall results suggest that after the initial carboxylation of naphthalene, 2-NA is sequentially reduced to decahydro-2-naphthoic acid through 5 hydrogenation reactions, each of which eliminated one double bond. Incorporation of deuterium atoms from D20 into 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthoic acid suggests that water is the proton source for hydrogenation.
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Fenton et al.
, p. 994 (1958)
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Dauben et al.
, p. 1393,1397 (1951)
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Carboxylation of Aryl Triflates with CO2 Merging Palladium and Visible-Light-Photoredox Catalysts
Bhunia, Samir Kumar,Das, Pritha,Nandi, Shantanu,Jana, Ranjan
supporting information, p. 4632 - 4637 (2019/06/27)
We report herein a visible-light-promoted, highly practical carboxylation of readily accessible aryl triflates at ambient temperature and a balloon pressure of CO2 by the combined use of palladium and photoredox Ir(III) catalysts. Strikingly, the stoichiometric metallic reductant is replaced by a nonmetallic amine reductant providing an environmentally benign carboxylation process. In addition, one-pot synthesis of a carboxylic acid directly from phenol and modification of estrone and concise synthesis of pharmaceutical drugs adapalene and bexarotene have been accomplished via late-stage carboxylation reaction. Furthermore, a parallel decarboxylation-carboxylation reaction has been demonstrated in an H-type closed vessel that is an interesting concept for the strategic sector. Spectroscopic and spectroelectrochemical studies indicated electron transfer from the Ir(III)/DIPEA combination to generate aryl carboxylate and Pd(0) for catalytic turnover.
HCV PROTEASE INHIBITORS
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Page/Page column 37-38, (2008/12/07)
This invention relates to the compounds of formula (I) shown below. Each variable in formula (I) is defined in the specification. These compounds can be used to treat hepatitis C virus infection.
Quaternary ammonium compounds as tachykinin antagonists
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, (2008/06/13)
The present invention provides a compound of formula (I) wherein R is phenyl, C3-C7cycloalkyl or heteroaryl, each of which being optionally benzo- or C3-C7cycloalkyl-fused and optionally substituted, including in the benzo- or C3-C7cycloalkyl-fused portion, by from 1 to 3 substituents each independently selected from C1-C4alkyl, fluoro(C1-C4)alkyl, C1-C4alkoxy, fluoro(C1-C4)alkoxy, phenoxy, C2-C4alkanoyl, halo, C1-C4alkoxycarbonyl, C3-C7cycloalkyl, —S(O)m(C1-C4alkyl), cyano, —NR2R3, —S(O)mNR2R3, —NR4(C1-C4alkanoyl) and —CONR2R3, or R is 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furanyl or chromanyl; R1is H or C1-C6alkyl; W is a direct link, methylene or ethylene; X is unbranched C2-C4alkylene; Y is phenyl, naphthyl, benzyl, pyridyl, thienyl or C3-C7cycloalkyl, each of which being optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents each independently selected from C1-C4alkyl, fluoro(C1-C4)alkyl, C1-C4alkoxy, fluoro(C1-C4)alkoxy, halo and cyano; Ar is phenyl, naphthyl, benzyl, thienyl, benzo[b]thienyl or indolyl, each of which being optionally substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents each independently selected from C1-C4alkyl, fluoro(C1-C4)alkyl, C1-C4alkoxy, fluoro(C1-C4)alkoxy, halo and cyano, or Ar is 1,3-benzodioxolan-4 or 5-yl or 1,4-benzodioxan-5 or 6-yl; ZAis a pharmaceutically acceptable anion; with the proviso that when W is a direct link and R is optionally fused and optionally substituted heteroaryl, said heteroaryl is linked by a ring carbon atom to the carbonyl group. The compounds are tachykinin antagonists.
