1414-45-5 Usage
Description
Nisin, a type-A lantibiotic, is a ribosomally synthesized peptide with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. It is produced by the Lactococcus lactis and contains 34 amino acid residues, including lanthionine, methyllanthionine, didehydroalanine, and didehydroaminobutyric acid, along with five thioether bridges. Nisin serves as a natural, antibacterial, and toxicologically safe food preservative, protecting against many bacteria that are food-spoilage pathogens.
Uses
Used in Food Industry:
Nisin is used as a natural preservative for inhibiting the growth of spoilage and pathogenic bacteria, particularly Gram-positive bacteria. It is effective in various food products, such as milk, meats, fast food, beverages, and health care products, to improve food quality, reduce sterilization time, lower temperature during food sterilization, lessen damage to nutrition, and extend shelf life.
Used in Cheese Production:
Nisin is used as an antimicrobial agent to inhibit the outgrowth of Clostridium botulinum spores and toxin formation in pasteurized cheese spreads, pasteurized process cheese spreads, and cheese spreads with fruits, vegetables, or meats.
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
Nisin has been studied as a possible treatment for infections of Clostridium difficile, particularly when combined with miconazole.
Used in Antimicrobial Applications:
As an antibiotic with bactericidal action, Nisin is particularly effective against Clostridium botulinum and is allowed in processed cheese food. It functions by binding to cell wall precursor lipid components of bacteria and disrupting cell wall production, leading to bacterial inhibition or death.
References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisin
http://www.innovateus.net/food/natural-preservative-nisin
http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/n5764?lang=en?ion=US&gclid=CPu1xf6aq9MCFcSOfgodvmcHZA
Biological Activity
nisin is an antibacterial peptide.nisin is produced by the lactic acid bacterium l. lactis using uncommon amino acids, including lanthionine, and is a member of the class of antibiotics referred to as lantibiotics.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Nisin (Nisaplin) is produced by Lactococcus lactis. It is an effective lantibiotic peptide bactericidal agent. Nisin is a broad spectrum antimicrobial bacteriocin which affects Gram-positive bacteria, however, it has little or no effect on Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts or fungi.It was demonstrated that nisin has capability to inhibit the growth of almost all tested Gram-positive beer-spoilage bacteria. Of 122 Gram-positive bacteria strains (predominantly Lactobacilli and Pediococci), 93% were sensitive to 100 units of nisin. In contrast, out of the 32 Gram-negative strains tested, only the genus Flavobacter proved to be affected by nisin.Nisin exerts its antimicrobial activity by binding to lipid II which is a membrane-bound advanced intermediate involved in the biosynthesis of bacterial cell wall. By doing so, nisin sequesters lipid II from its functional location. In addition, the nisin-lipid II complex leads to formation of pores in the membrane causing cell death.
in vitro
previous study showed that the sperm motility could be completely inhibited with nisin the minimum effective concentration of nisin required to immobilize sperm in vitro within 20 s was found to be 50 μg in rat, 200 μg in rabbit and 300-400 μg in monkey and human. such inhibitory effect on sperm motility was found to be dose- and time-dependent [1].
in vivo
intravaginal administration of nisin before mating during proestrus-estrous transition phase caused complete arrest of sperm motility and blockage of conception. subacute toxicity studies in rats showed that, repetitive intravaginal application of nisin at the dose of 200 microg for 14 days caused no abnormalities either in the length of estrous cycle or in the morphology of vaginal epithelial cells. moreover, no histopathological abnormalities in vaginal tissue or any change in blood and serum biochemical profiles were seen. in addition, no adverse effects were found on subsequent reproductive performance, development of pups and neonate survival [1].
Purification Methods
This polypeptide from S. lactis is purified by crystallisation from 80% (v/v) EtOH and by countercurrent distribution. The synthetic polypeptide antibiotic can also be purified by preparative HPLC and assayed by HPLC on a Nucleosil 3007C18 (6 x 250mm) column using a MeCN—0.01M HCl gradient (30-50%), at 2%/minute, and flow rate of 1.5mL/minute to give a retention time of 8.1 minutes; or MeCN—0.3M guanidine-HCl gradient (30-50%), at 2%/minute, and flow rate of 1.5ml/minute to give a retention time of 10.9minutes. FAB-MS gave the pseudomolecular ion m/z at 3352.7 (M + H)+. It is soluble in dilute acid and is stable even on boiling. [Berridge et al. Biochem J 52 529 1952, synthesis by Fukase et al. Tetrahedron Lett 29 795 1988.]
references
[1] aranha c, gupta s, reddy kv. contraceptive efficacy of antimicrobial peptide nisin: in vitro and in vivo studies. contraception. 2004 apr;69(4):333-8.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 1414-45-5 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 1,4,1 and 4 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 4 and 5 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 1414-45:
(6*1)+(5*4)+(4*1)+(3*4)+(2*4)+(1*5)=55
55 % 10 = 5
So 1414-45-5 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C143H230N42O37S7/c1-24-69(11)105(148)135(213)162-82(27-4)118(196)174-94-58-225-59-95(175-123(201)89(48-67(7)8)169-115(193)74(16)158-138(216)107(70(12)25-2)180-132(94)210)133(211)184-112-79(21)229-61-96(160-104(190)56-152-134(212)100-38-34-44-185(100)142(112)220)128(206)164-84(36-29-32-42-145)120(198)182-109-76(18)226-60-97(161-103(189)55-151-117(195)85(39-45-223-22)165-122(200)88(47-66(5)6)168-113(191)72(14)156-102(188)54-153-136(109)214)129(207)171-92(51-101(147)187)125(203)166-86(40-46-224-23)119(197)163-83(35-28-31-41-144)121(199)183-110-77(19)228-63-99-130(208)170-90(49-80-52-149-64-154-80)124(202)176-98(62-227-78(20)111(141(219)177-99)181-116(194)75(17)159-140(110)218)131(209)173-93(57-186)127(205)179-108(71(13)26-3)139(217)172-91(50-81-53-150-65-155-81)126(204)178-106(68(9)10)137(215)157-73(15)114(192)167-87(143(221)222)37-30-33-43-146/h27,52-53,64-72,75-79,83-100,105-112,186H,15-16,24-26,28-51,54-63,144-146,148H2,1-14,17-23H3,(H2,147,187)(H,149,154)(H,150,155)(H,151,195)(H,152,212)(H,153,214)(H
