20893-71-4Relevant articles and documents
A Radical Chain: Mononuclear “Gold Only” Photocatalysis
Witzel, Sina,Hoffmann, Marvin,Rudolph, Matthias,Rominger, Frank,Dreuw, Andreas,Hashmi, A. Stephen K.
supporting information, p. 581 - 592 (2021/12/06)
We herein report an unprecedented reactivity of mononuclear gold catalysts acting as classical catalysts and at the same time as active partners in a radical chain mechanism, whereby gold is the only catalyst. The mechanism of the photo-induced photosensitizer-free “gold only”-catalyzed cross coupling was studied in detail – experimentally and theoretically – based on the reaction between arylboronic acids and aryldiazonium salts. With a systematic set of stoichiometric experiments under various conditions and analytic methods, we could show that this mechanism is initiated by an aryl radical formed in the presence of blue LEDs and MeOH. This aryl radical enters the catalytic cycle to oxidize gold(I) to gold(II). Single electron transfer from gold(II) to the aryldiazonium salt then gives the cationic gold(III) complex by formation of a chain-supporting aryl radical which then is enabled to start a new cycle by oxidation of gold(I) without the need for irradiation. At least every 432 cycles of the radical chain, a new chain-initiating radical has to restart the radical chain. Eventually, the boronic acid is activated by the BF4? anion to transmetalate to gold(III), and reductive elimination delivers the desired product.
Electrochemical investigations of some newly synthesized arylazapyrazole derivatives
Arshad, Nasima,Ikramullah,Aamir, Muhammad,Sher, Muhammad
, p. 245 - 255 (2017/02/10)
Abstract: Three derivatives of arylazapyrazole ((E)-4-(phenyldiazenyl)-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole, (E)-4-[(4-fluorophenyl)diazenyl]-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole, and (E)-4-[(4-iodophenyl)diazenyl]-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole) were synthesized, characterized, and further investigated for their electrochemical behavior at glassy carbon electrode using cyclic voltammetry. All compounds were reduced following Ei Ci mechanism giving single cathodic peak in potential range 0 to ?2?V vs. Ag/AgCl. The plots of log iP vs. log ν showed that the electrode process is mixed adsorption-diffusion controlled. The kinetic parameters such as transfer coefficient (αn), diffusion coefficients (Do), and standard heterogeneous rate constants (ks) were determined from the electrochemical data. The values of Do were determined and found greater for the smallest among the three compounds. ks values were calculated by Laviron formalism which lies in the order of 10?2?s?1. Temperature and pH effects were studied and thermodynamic parameters such as change in free energy of activation (ΔG#), apparent activation energy (Ea), enthalpy (ΔH#), and entropy (ΔS#) of activation were determined. Negative values of Ea, ΔH#, and ΔS# imply that the electrode process needs lesser over potential with temperature rise, pre-adsorption of the analyte onto the electrode surface and the activated complex has a more organized structure than the reactants, respectively. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
Indole-based hydrazide-hydrazones and 4-thiazolidinones: Synthesis and evaluation as antitubercular and anticancer agents
Cihan-üstünda?, G?k?e,S?tana, Dilek,?zhan, Gül,C?pan, Gültaze
, p. 369 - 380 (2016/03/30)
A new series of indolylhydrazones (6) and indole-based 4-thiazolidinones (7, 8) have been designed, synthesized and screened for in vitro antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. 4-Thiazolidinone derivatives 7g-7j, 8g, 8h and 8j displayed notable antituberculosis (anti-TB) activity showing 99% inhibition at MIC values ranging from 6.25 to 25.0 g/ml. Compounds 7g, 7h, 7i, 8h and 8j demonstrated anti-TB activity at concentrations 10-fold lower than those cytotoxic for the mammalian cell lines. The indolylhydrazone derivative 6b has also been evaluated for antiproliferative activity against human cancer cell lines at the National Cancer Institute (USA). Compound 6b showed an interesting anticancer profile against different human tumor-derived cell lines at sub-micromolar concentrations with obvious selectivity toward colon cancer cell line COLO 205.