32580-69-1Relevant articles and documents
Ligand-accelerated non-directed C-H functionalization of arenes
Wang, Peng,Verma, Pritha,Xia, Guoqin,Shi, Jun,Qiao, Jennifer X.,Tao, Shiwei,Cheng, Peter T. W.,Poss, Michael A.,Farmer, Marcus E.,Yeung, Kap-Sun,Yu, Jin-Quan
, p. 489 - 493 (2017/11/28)
The directed activation of carbon-hydrogen bonds (C-H) is important in the development of synthetically useful reactions, owing to the proximity-induced reactivity and selectivity that is enabled by coordinating functional groups. Palladium-catalysed non-directed C-H activation could potentially enable further useful reactions, because it can reach more distant sites and be applied to substrates that do not contain appropriate directing groups; however, its development has faced substantial challenges associated with the lack of sufficiently active palladium catalysts. Currently used palladium catalysts are reactive only with electron-rich arenes, unless an excess of arene is used, which limits synthetic applications. Here we report a 2-pyridone ligand that binds to palladium and accelerates non-directed C-H functionalization with arene as the limiting reagent. This protocol is compatible with a broad range of aromatic substrates and we demonstrate direct functionalization of advanced synthetic intermediates, drug molecules and natural products that cannot be used in excessive quantities. We also developed C-H olefination and carboxylation protocols, demonstrating the applicability of our methodology to other transformations. The site selectivity in these transformations is governed by a combination of steric and electronic effects, with the pyridone ligand enhancing the influence of sterics on the selectivity, thus providing complementary selectivity to directed C-H functionalization.
Highly active, selective, and reusable RuO2/SWCNT catalyst for heck olefination of aryl halides
Gopiraman, Mayakrishnan,Karvembu, Ramasamy,Kim, Ick Soo
, p. 2118 - 2129 (2014/07/21)
Very fine RuO2 nanoparticles (RuO2NPs) with a mean diameter of about 0.9 nm were decorated on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by a straightforward "dry synthesis" method. TEM images and the Raman spectrum of the resultant material (RuO2/SWCNT) revealed excellent adhesion and homogeneous dispersion of the RuO2NPs on anchoring sites of the SWCNTs. The surface area of RuO2/SWCNT was found to be 416 m2 g-1. The SEM-EDS results showed that the weight percentage of Ru in RuO2/SWCNT was 13.8%. The oxidation state of Ru in RuO2/SWCNT was +4, as confirmed by XPS and XRD analyses. After the complete characterization, a 0.9 mol % loading of RuO 2/SWCNT was used as a nanocatalyst for the Heck olefination of a wide range of aryl halides to yield products in excellent yields with good turnover numbers and turnover frequencies. Less reactive bromo-and chloroarenes were also used for the formation of coupled products in good yields. RuO 2/SWCNT is regioselective, chemoselective, heterogeneous in nature, and reusable. The stability of RuO2/SWCNT was also studied by means of TEM, ICP-MS, SEM-EDS, and XPS analyses.