439937-61-8Relevant articles and documents
Binary ionic liquid system for direct cellulose etherification
Kakibe, Takeshi,Nakamura, Satoshi,Amakuni, Kiyokazu,Kishi, Hajime
, p. 101 - 105 (2019)
Etherification of cellulose was performed using a mixture of ionic liquids (ILs) playing roles in both cellulose dissolution and catalysis. We investigated the effects of the reaction time and the ratio of these ILs in the mixture. Cellulose etherification was performed in these IL mixtures. The proportion of propoxy cellulose exceeded 2.5 after 24 h.
Influence of Bronsted acid ionic liquid structure on hydroxyacid polyesterification
Zhang, Shaodong,Lefebvre, Herve,Tessier, Martine,Fradet, Alain
, p. 2786 - 2793 (2011)
Bronsted acid ionic liquids (BAILs) based on the 4-(3′-butyl-1′-imidazolio)-1-butanesulfonic acid cation were found to be very efficient polyesterification solvents and catalysts. Only 5-30 min at 90-110 °C was required to obtain high molar mass poly(12-hydroxydodecanoic acid) (Mw up to 40000 g mol-1). The polyesterification was faster in BAILs with the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imidide anion (Tf 2N), but small amounts of ethers and double bonds arising from side reactions were detected in the final polymer. On the other hand, no side reactions took place in the BAIL with the hydrogen sulfate anion, except for the formation of a sulfonate ester intermediate that can further react with carboxylic acid groups to yield the expected ester. This intermediate, not observed in Tf2N-based BAILs, might be involved in the protection of hydroxy end groups from etherification side reactions in HSO4 --based BAILs. To explain the different behaviors of these BAILs, and since the acidity of H2SO4 is much higher than that of Tf2NH, it is suggested that the structure of these BAILs could be different: alkylsulfonic acid-substituted imidazolium for the former, while the latter could be just a mixture of imidazolium-sulfonate zwitterion and Tf 2NH. The influence of reaction temperature, water elimination method and BAIL concentration on polyesterification are also discussed.
Olefin oligomerization via new and efficient Br?nsted acidic ionic liquid catalyst systems
Wang, Guoqin,Song, Heyuan,Li, Ruiyun,Li, Zhen,Chen, Jing
, p. 1110 - 1120 (2018/05/28)
Olefin oligomerization reaction catalyzed by new catalyst systems (a Br?nsted-acidic ionic liquid as the main catalyst and tricaprylylmethylammonium chloride as the co-catalyst) has been investigated. The synthesized Br?nsted acidic ionic liquids were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and 13C NMR to analyze their structures and acidities. The influence of different ionic liquids, ionic liquid loading, different co-catalysts, catalyst ratios (mole ratio of ionic liquid to co-catalyst), reaction time, pressure, temperature, solvent, source of reactants, and the recycling of catalyst systems was studied. Among the synthesized ionic liquids, 1-(4-sulfonic acid)butyl-3-hexylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([HIMBs]HSO4) exhibited the best catalytic activity under the tested reaction conditions. The conversion of isobutene and selectivity of trimers were 83.21% and 35.80%, respectively, at the optimum reaction conditions. Furthermore, the catalyst system can be easily separated and reused; a feasible reaction mechanism is proposed on the basis of the distribution of experimental products.
Selective palladium-catalysed arylation of 2,6-dibromopyridine using N-heterocyclic carbene ligands
Prajapati,Schulzke,Kindermann,Kapdi
, p. 53073 - 53085 (2015/06/25)
A selective palladium-catalysed arylation of 2,6-dibromopyridine has been developed by employing N-heterocyclic carbene ligands. Selective mono-arylation was performed in water/acetonitrile solvent system at ambient temperature with catalyst loading of 0.1 mol%. This reaction was also found to proceed smoothly in water although at a slightly elevated temperature of 80 °C. 2,6-Disubstituted and diversely substituted 2,6-pyridines were also obtained in high yields which will be of importance to organic and medicinal chemists.