62-73-7 Usage
Description
Dichlorvos, also known as 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate, is an organophosphate insecticide and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. It is a colorless to amber liquid with a mild aromatic odor and is slightly soluble in water. Dichlorvos is toxic by inhalation, skin absorption, absorption, or ingestion and has a flash point of 175°F or higher. When heated to high temperatures, it may emit toxic chloride fumes and phosgene gas.
Uses
Used in Agricultural Industry:
Dichlorvos is used as an insecticide, acaricide, and nematicide for the control of crop pests such as flies, aphids, spider mites, caterpillars, and thrips. It is also used for the control of pests in store grains and parasitic worms in animals, as well as in flea collars for dogs.
Used in Household and Public Health:
Dichlorvos is used for the control of household and public health insect pests, including flies, mosquitoes, and moths. It is also used as a veterinary anthelmintic, an ectoparasiticide on fish and domestic pets, and a vapor phase domestic insecticide for the control of phorid and sciarid flies in mushroom compost.
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
Dichlorvos is used as a cholinesterase inhibitor, which can have potential applications in the development of drugs targeting the nervous system.
Used in Chemical Industry:
Dichlorvos can be used as a chemical intermediate for the synthesis of other organophosphate compounds.
References
Das, Suchismita. "A review of Dichlorvos toxicity in fish." Current World Environment 8.1(2013):143-149.
Booth, Ed, and E. B. Jones. "Review of the in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity of dichlorvos. " Regulatory Toxicology & Pharmacology 49.3(2007):316.
Ero?lu HE. "Toxic nuclear effects of the organophosphorus insecticide Dichlorvos (DDVP) in human peripheral blood lymphocytes." Acta Biologica Hungarica 60.4(2009):409-16.
Air & Water Reactions
Slightly soluble in water.
Reactivity Profile
DICHLORVOS MIXTURE is incompatible with strong acids and bases. Dichlorvos is slowly hydrolyzed in acidic media and rapidly hydrolyzed by alkalis. Dichlorvos is corrosive to iron and mild steel. . Organophosphates are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.
Health Hazard
Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.
Health Hazard
Exposures to dichlorvos through all routes, namely, oral, dermal, and respiratory,
cause adverse effects to species of laboratory animals, such as rats, mice, and rabbits.
The symptoms of poisoning include perspiration, nausea, salivation, vomiting, diarrhea,
drowsiness, fatigue, headache, and in severe cases, tremors, ataxia, convulsions,
and coma.
Humans exposed to dichlorvos show many symptoms of poisoning that include, but
are not limited to, irritability, confusion, headache, speech diffi culties, sweating, blurred
vision, drowsiness or insomnia, numbness, tingling sensations, incoordination, tremor,
abdominal cramps, diffi culty in breathing or respiratory depression and slow heart beat,
impaired memory concentration, disorientation, and severe depressions.
Health Hazard
Highly toxic by all routes of exposure;exhibits acute, delayed, and chronic poison-ing; cholinesterase inhibitor; signs and symp-toms of exposure are similar to those ofother organophosphates; toxic effects includesweating, twitching of muscle, constrictionof pupils, lacrimation, salivation, tightnessin the chest, wheezing, slurred speech, nau-sea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea;high exposure can result in coma, cessationof breathing, and death. Oral LD50 valuein rodents reported in the literature varieswidely from 17 to 80 mg/kg in rat and61–275 mg/kg in mouse.LC50 inhalation (mouse): 13 mg/m3 /4 hLD50 skin (mouse): 206 mg/kgLD50 oral (wild bird): 12 mg/kg.
Fire Hazard
Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form.
Trade name
ALCO? Dichlorvos; APAVAP?;
ASTROBOT?; ATGARD?; BAY 19149?; BAYER 19149?;
BENFOS?; BIBESOL?; BREVINYL?; BREVINYL
E 50?; CANOGARD?; CEKUSAN?; CYPONA?;
DEDEVAP?; DERRIBAN?; DERRIBANTE?; DES?;
DEVIKOL?; DICLORCAL 50?; DIDIVANE; DIVIPAN?;
DOOM?; DQUIGARD?; DUO-KILL?; DURAVOS?;
ELASTREL?; EQUIGARD?[C]; EQUIGEL?[C];
ESTROSEL?; ESTROSOL?; FECAMA?; FEKAMA?;
FLY-DIE?; FLY FIGHTER?; HERKOL?; INSECTIGAS
D?; KRECALVIN?; LINDAN?; MAFU?; MARVEX?;
MOPARI?; NEFRAFOS?; NERKOL?; NOGOS?; NOPEST?;
NOVOTOX?; NUVA?; NUVAN?; OKO?;
OMS 14?; PANAPLATE?; PHOSVIT?; PRENTOX?;
SD 1750?; SUCHLOR?; SZKLARNIAK?; TAP
9VP?; TASK?; TENAC?; TETRAVOS?; UNIFOS
(PESTICIDE)?; UNITOX?; VAPONA? et al.
[C]; VAPONITE?; VERDICAN?; VERDIPOR?;
VERDISOL?; VINYLOFOS?; VINYLOPHOS?;
WINYLOPHOS?
Contact allergens
Cases of sensitization to this organophosphorus
compound with several commercial names (Benfos,
Brevinyl, Chlorvinphos, DDVP, Equigard, Fly fghte,
Nogos, and Unifos) were occupationally seen in chry-
santhem growers, horticulturists, technicians, and in a
chemist.
Safety Profile
Confirmed carcinogen
with carcinogenic and tumorigenic data.
Poison by ingestion, inhalation, skin contact,
subcutaneous, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. Experimental
teratogenic and reproductive effects. Human
mutation data reported. A cholinesterase
inhibitor, it is used in flea (pest) collars for
pets. No neurotoxicity has been observed. It
is very rapidly metabolized and excreted.
When heated to decomposition it emits very
toxic fumes of Cl and POx. See also
PARATHION.
Potential Exposure
A potential danger to those involved
in manufacture, formulation and application of this fumigant insecticide in household, public health and agricultural
uses. Used as an insecticide and as an anthelminthic for
swine and dogs.
Veterinary Drugs and Treatments
Dichlorvos is effective in swine against Ascaris, Trichuris, Ascarops
strongylina and Oesophagostomum spp.
Dichlorvos as a “No Pest Strip” is used as an ectoparasiticide
for
small mammals. It is also used as a premise spray to keep fly populations
controlled.In horses, dichlorvos is labeled as being
effective for the treatment
and control of bots, pinworms, large and small bloodworms,
and large roundworms, but no systemic equine products are currently
being marketed in the USA.
Dichlorvos was available for use internally in dogs and cats for
the treatment of roundworms and hookworms, but no products
are currently being marketed since newer, safer and more effective
anthelmintics have replaced dichlorvos.
Carcinogenicity
Two epidemiological studies
reporting an association between exposure to dichlorvos
resin strips and childhood cancer were reviewed
by EPA and found to have biases and confounders that
could explain the observed associations. Additional studies
that correct for the control of potential biases and problems of
exposure determination are needed before an association
between dichlorvos and childhood cancer can be established.
Environmental Fate
Biological. When dichlorvos was incubated with sewage sludge for one week at 29°C,
it was converted to dichloroethanol, dichloroacetic acid, ethyl dichloroacetate and an
inorganic phosphate. In addition, dimethyl phosphate formed in the presence or absence
of microorganisms (Lieberman and Alexander, 1983). Dichlorvos degraded fastest in
nonsterile soils and decomposed faster in soils that were sterilized by gamma radiation
than in soils that were sterilized by autoclaving. After one day of incubation, the percent
of dichlorvos degradation that occurred in autoclaved, irradiated and nonsterile soils were
17, 88 and 99, respectively (Getzin and Rosefield, 1968).
Soil. In a silt loam and sandy loam, reported Rf values were 0.79 and 0.80, respectively
(Sharma et al., 1986).
Plant. Metabolites identified in cotton leaves include dimethyl phosphate, phosphoric
acid, methyl phosphate and O-demethyl dichlorvos (Bull and Ridgway, 1969).
Photolytic. Dichlorvos should not undergo direct photolysis since it does not absorb
UV light at wavelengths >240 nm (Gore et al., 1971).
Chemical/Physical. Releases very toxic fumes of phosphorus oxides and chlorine when
heated to decomposition (Sax and Lewis, 1987).
Slowly hydrolyzes in water and in acidic media but is more rapidly hydrolyzed under
alkaline conditions to dimethyl hydrogen phosphate and dichloroacetaldehyde (Capel et
al., 1988; Hartley and Kidd, 1987; Worthing and Hance, 1991). In the Rhine River (pH
7.4), the hydrolysis half-life of dichlorvos was 6 hours (Capel et al., 1988).
Atkinson and Carter (1984) estimated a half-life of 320 days for the reaction of
dichlorvos with ozone in the atmosphere.
Metabolic pathway
The metabolism of dichlorvos has been extensively studied particularly
in mammals. Dichlorvos is rapidly transformed in both environmental
and biological situations via a hydrolytic mechanism to yield
dimethyl phosphate and dichloroacetaldehyde which is further metabolised
to 2,2-dichloroethanol or dechlorinated to glycolic acid. An additional
important route in mammals involves demethylation catalysed
by glutathione-S-methyl transferase to yield methylglutathione and
desmethyldichlorvos.
Shipping
UN3018 Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid,
toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials
Degradation
Dichlorvos is slowly hydrolysed in water and in acidic media and rapidly
hydrolysed by alkali to dichloroacetaldehyde (2) and dimethyl phosphate
(3) (PM)
Toxicity evaluation
Acute oral LD50 for rats: ca. 50 mg /kg
Incompatibilities
Contact with oxidizers may cause the
release of phosphorous oxides. Organophosphates are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as
hydrideds and active metals. Partial oxidation by oxidizing
agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides Corrosive to iron, mild steel, some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings
Waste Disposal
50% hydrolysis is obtained
in pure water in 25 minutes @ 70_x0003_°C and in 61.5 days @
20C. A buffered solution yields 50% hydrolysis (37.5°C) in
301 minutes at pH 8, 462 minutes at pH 7, 620 minutes at
pH 5.4. Hydrolysis yields no toxic residues. Incineration in a
furnace equipped with an afterburner and alkaline scrubber is
recommended as is alkaline hydrolysis followed by soil
burial. In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers.
Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental
control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 62-73-7 includes 5 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 2 digits, 6 and 2 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 7 and 3 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 62-73:
(4*6)+(3*2)+(2*7)+(1*3)=47
47 % 10 = 7
So 62-73-7 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C4H7Cl2O4P/c1-8-11(7,9-2)10-3-4(5)6/h3H,1-2H3
62-73-7Relevant articles and documents
To phosphorus trichloride as a substrate synthetic Dedevap and one-pot synthesis phosphine acid radical two chlorine a-hydroxy
-
Paragraph 0027, (2017/04/05)
The invention relates to a new method for synthesizing dichlorvos by combining phosphorus trichloride, chloral hydrate and methanol as raw materials only through one-step serial rearrangement reaction. Compared with the conventional process flow, the method has the advantages that: the preparation cost of the dichlorvos is reduced by over 10 percent, and an industrial design standard of clean production with zero wastewater discharge is reached.
SUBSTITUTED SPIROCYCLIC KETOENOLS
-
, (2008/06/13)
The present invention relates to novel substituted spirocyclic ketoenols of the formula (I) in which W, X, Y, Z, A, B, D and G are as defined in the disclosure, to a plurality of processes for their preparation and to their use as pesticides, microbicides and herbicides.
Glyoxyl acid amides, method for producing them and their use for controlling harmful organisms
-
, (2008/06/13)
The invention relates to novel gloyoxylic acid amides, to a process for their preparation and to their use for controlling harmful organisms.
