821-96-5Relevant articles and documents
Integrated extraction and catalytic upgrading of microalgae lipids in supercritical carbon dioxide
Zimmerer, Julia,Pingen, Dennis,Hess, Sandra K.,Koengeter, Tobias,Mecking, Stefan
supporting information, p. 2428 - 2435 (2019/05/21)
Fatty acids from microalgae are attractive compounds for catalytic upgrading to chemicals, but their extraction often requires multi-step procedures and the use of various organic solvents. To relieve this bottleneck, we propose a straightforward approach of combined extraction and catalytic functionalization via olefin cross-metathesis (ethenolysis and butenolysis) in supercritical CO2 (scCO2). This is demonstrated for Phaeodactylum tricornutum microalgae biomass. ScCO2 at optimum conditions (90 °C, 620 atm, ρ(CO2) = 0.90 g mL-1) extracted the lipids selectively and quantitatively from previously disrupted cells, while organic solvent extraction for comparison additionally extracted polar diacylglycerides and chlorophylls. In a one-pot approach, olefin cross-metathesis of the unsaturated fatty acids (FA16:1, FA18:1 and FA20:5) by alkenolysis yielded the desirable mid-chain olefin and unsaturated ester products. The product spectrum compares to alkenolysis of individual model compounds in scCO2 as well as of separately scCO2 extracted microalgae oil. Both these ethenolysis and butenolysis proceed with conversions of more than 81% and high selectivities to the desired products. This biorefinery approach was further illustrated by the simultaneous extraction and catalytic isomerizing alkoxycarbonylation in scCO2.
SYNTHESIS OF TERMINAL ALKENES FROM INTERNAL ALKENES VIA OLEFIN METATHESIS
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Page/Page column 41-42; 48-49, (2008/06/13)
This disclosure relates generally to olefin metathesis, and more particularly relates to the synthesis of terminal alkenes from internal alkenes using a cross-metathesis reaction catalyzed by an olefin metathesis catalyst. According to one aspect, for example, a method is provided for synthesizing a terminal olefin, the method comprising contacting, in the presence of a ruthenium alkylidene metathesis catalyst, an olefinic substrate comprised of at least one internal olefin with a cross metathesis partner comprised of an alpha olefinic reactant, under reaction conditions effective to allow cross-metathesis to occur, wherein the reaction conditions include a reaction temperature of at least 35 °C. The methods, compositions, reactions and reaction systems herein disclosed have utility in the fields of catalysis, organic synthesis, and industrial chemistry.
The catalytic Shapiro reaction
Maruoka, Keiji,Oishi, Masataka,Yamamoto, Hisashi
, p. 2289 - 2290 (2007/10/03)
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