24697-70-9

Selective methods for introducing protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) within living cells have proven valuable for interrogating their biological function. In contrast to enzymatic methods, abiotic catalysis should offer access to diverse and new-to-nature PTMs. Herein, we report the boronate-assisted hydroxamic acid (BAHA) catalyst system, which comprises a protein ligand, a hydroxamic acid Lewis base, and a diol moiety. In concert with a boronic acid-bearing acyl donor, our catalyst leverages a local molarity effect to promote acyl transfer to a target lysine residue. Our catalyst system employs micromolar reagent concentrations and affords minimal off-target protein reactivity. Critically, BAHA is resistant to glutathione, a metabolite which has hampered many efforts toward abiotic chemistry within living cells. To showcase this methodology, we installed a variety of acyl groups inE. colidihydrofolate reductase expressed within human cells. Our results further establish the well-known boronic acid-diol complexation as abona fidebio-orthogonal reaction with applications in chemical biology and in-cell catalysis.

The present application is directed to a theranostic probe and its use for targeting and/or labeling the EGFR kinase and/or the cells expressing EGFR or its family members.

The invention discloses a substituted imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline macrocyclic compound as a multi-target kinase inhibitor, and relates to a compound represented by a formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a solvate, a polymorphic substance or an isomer thereof, and applications of the compound in preparation of a medicine for treating ALK-mediated diseases.

A multi-step synthetic route towards N4,N9-disubstituted 4,9-diaminoacridines that, to the best of our knowledge, has no precedence in the literature, has been developed. The target structures are likely to reveal interesting biological activities in the near future, not only due to their mepacrine-like core, but also because they embed simultaneously the pharmacophores of chloroquine and primaquine, antimalarial drugs that act at different stages of malaria infection.

The present invention provides compounds, compositions thereof, and methods of using the same.

A radical-mediated strategy for β C-H amination of alcohols has been developed. This approach employs a radical relay chaperone, which serves as a traceless director that facilitates selective C-H functionalization via 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and enables net incorporation of ammonia at the β carbon of alcohols. The chaperones presented herein enable direct access to imidate radicals, allowing their first use for H atom abstraction. A streamlined protocol enables rapid conversion of alcohols to their β-amino analogs (via in situ conversion of alcohols to imidates, directed C-H amination, and hydrolysis to NH2). Mechanistic experiments indicate HAT is rate-limiting, whereas intramolecular amination is product- and stereo-determining.

A new class of nitrogen-containing endoperoxides were synthesised by a photochemical [4 + 2]-cycloaddition between a diene and singlet oxygen. The endoperoxides were dihydroxylated and protected to provide a series of endoperoxide building blocks for organic synthesis, with potential use as precursors for the synthesis of branched azasugars. Preliminary exploration of the chemistry of these building blocks provided access to a variety of derivatives including tetrahydrofurans, epoxides and protected amino-tetraols.

The reaction of isocyanomethylenetriphenylphosphorane, generated in situ from the corresponding phosphonium salt, with a diverse set of aldehydes afforded vinyl isocyanides in good to high yields. Excellent E-selectivity was observed for aliphatic aldehydes and 2,6-disubstituted aromatic aldehydes, whereas Z-olefins were formed predominantly with ortho-substituted aryl aldehydes. (Z)-1-Bromo-2-(2-isocyanovinyl)benzene (5l) was found to be a truly universal isonitrile since, after Ugi reaction, the resulting secondary amide unit (RNHCO-) is convertible under both acidic and basic conditions. The application of 5l in the synthesis of polyheterocycles is also illustrated.

The disclosure relates to compositions comprising a HBV RNAi agent. In some embodiments, the HBV RNAi agent comprises a sense and an anti-sense strand, each strand being an 18-mer and the strands together forming a blunt-ended duplex, wherein the 3′ end of at least one strand terminates in a phosphate or modified internucleoside linker and further comprises, in 5′ to 3′ order: a spacer; a second phosphate or modified internucleoside linker; and a 3′ end cap. In some embodiments, the 3′ end of both the sense and anti-sense strand further comprise, in 5′ to 3′ order: a spacer; a second phosphate or modified internucleoside linker; and a 3′ end cap. The two strands can have the same or different spacers, phosphates or modified internucleoside linkers, and/or 3′ end caps. The strands can be ribonucleotides, or, optionally, one or more nucleotide can be modified or substituted. Optionally, at least one nucleotide comprises a modified internucleoside linker. Optionally, the RNAi agent can be modified on one or both 5′ end. Optionally, the sense strand can comprise a 5′ end cap which reduces the amount of the RNA interference mediated by this strand. Optionally, the RNAi agent is attached to a ligand. This format can be used to devise RNAi agents to a variety of different targets and sequences. The disclosure also relates to processes for making such compositions, and methods and uses of such compositions, e.g., to mediate RNA interference. The disclosure also pertains to methods of treating, ameliorating and preventing HBV in a patient involving the step of administering to the patient a therapeutic amount of a HBV RNAi agent.

α,β-Unsaturated trichloromethyl ketones are suitable α,β-unsaturated amide and ester equivalents in N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed redox hetero-Diels-Alder reactions with azolium enolates generated from α-aroyloxyaldehydes. The initially formed syn-dihydropyranone products can be isolated or can undergo ring-opening with benzylamine followed by aminolysis of the resulting CCl3 ketone to form a range of diamides with high diastereo- and enantioselectivity (up to >95:5 dr and >99% ee).

The disclosure relates to novel compounds and compositions comprising a RNAi agent comprising a novel compound as a 3' end cap. The disclosure also relates to processes for making such compositions, and methods and uses of such compositions, e.g., to mediate RNA interference.

Disclosed are compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, and the uses of the compounds and compositions as modulators of histone methyltransferases, and for treating diseases influenced by modulation of histone methyltransferase activity.

A family of norcantharidin analogues possessing a terminal alcohol (ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol and cyclohexanol) moiety were treated with either chlorodiethyl, chlorodiphenyl or chloro-bis-trichloroethyl- phosphate to afford highly focused libraries of the corresponding phosphate esters. Subsequent biological screening against a panel of nine human cancer cell lines identified a trend between the ease of phosphate unmasking (phosphate ester hydrolysis) and cell death. The most potent analogues possessed either a diphenyl or a bis-trichloroethyl moiety. The effect of alkyl spacer was also examined with the hexyl analogues typically more potent. 4-Aza-4-(3-{bis(2,2,2- trichloroethyl)phosphate}propyl)-10-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.0]decane-3,5-dione (10b) was the most potent analogue synthesised with an average GI50 of 11 μM across a panel of nine human carcinoma cell lines: colon carcinoma (HT29 and SW480); breast carcinoma (MCF-7); ovarian carcinoma (A2780); lung carcinoma (H460); skin carcinoma (A431); prostate carcinoma (DU145); neuronal carcinoma (BE2-C) and brain carcinoma (SJ-G2). This represents a fivefold improvement in anti-proliferative activity relative to the lead, norcantharidin.

A novel series of CXCR4 antagonists were identified based on the substantial redesign of AMD070. These compounds possessed potent anti-HIV-1 activity and showed excellent pharmacokinetics in rat and dog.

The present application discloses compounds of the formula (I) wherein X = opt.subst. pyrid-3-yl or pyrid-4-yl; Q = opt.subst. Ci-6 alkylene or a single bond; Y is formula (i) wherein D is = N-CN, or formula (ii) B = is opt.subst. C1-6 alkylene; A = (formula) Z = -J-V, wherein J = -C(=0)-, -C(=O)-O, -S(=O)2-, -P(=O)(OR4)-, -C(=O)-NR4- and -C(=S)-NR4-, and V = opt.subst. C1-12-alkyl, opt.subst. C3-12-cycloalkyl, -[CH2CH2O]1-10-( opt.subst. C1-6-alkyl), opt.subst. C1-12- alkenyl, opt.subst. aryl, opt.subst. heterocyclyl, or opt.subst. heteroaryl; q = 0-2, and r = 0- 2; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and prodrugs thereof. The application also discloses the compound for use as a medicament for the treatment of a disease or a condition caused by an elevated level of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPRT), e.g. inflammatory and tissue repair disorders; dermatosis; autoimmune diseases, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, athersclerosis, restenosis, diabetes, glomerulonephritis, cancer, cachexia, inflammation associated with infection and certain viral infections, including Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), adult respiratory distress syndrome, ataxia telengiectasia.

A series of 1-[[2-thiazol-5-yl-(2-aminoethyl)]-4-n-propyl]piperazine derivatives have been prepared and in vitro tested as H3-receptor antagonists (the electrically evoked contraction of the guinea pig jejunum). It appeared that by comparison of homologous pairs the 1-[[2-thiazol-5-yl-(2-methyl-2-phenylalkylaminoethyl)]-4-n-propyl]piperazine derivatives (4c1-4c3) have slightly higher activity than their 1-[2-thiazol-5-yl-(2-methyl-2-alkylaminoethyl)]-4-n-propylpiperazine analogues (4b1-4b3). In the 2-methylalkylamide series (4a1-4a3) a somewhat lower activity was observed. The most potent compound of the series is the 1-[2-thiazol-5-yl-(2-methyl-2-phenylpropylaminoethyl)]-4-n-propylpiperazine (4c2) with pA2 = 8.27 (its alkyl analogue (4b2) showed pA2 = 7.53 and the corresponding amide (4a2) displayed pA2 = 7.36). Selected compounds (4b1, 4b2, 4c1 and 4c2) were also tested (in vitro) for H1 antagonistic effects in vitro applying standard methods (guinea pig ileum). None showed any H1 antagonistic activity (pA2 4).

The invention provides novel compounds of formula (I) wherein: one of the a, b, c or d members is a nitrogen atom and the remaining members are carbon atoms; and R3 is a radical selected from the group consisting of: —S—R14 and —CH2—R15. The compounds of formula (I) are useful for treating diseases mediated by a heat shock protein 90 (Hsp 90)

The present invention relates to a compound which is N-(4-{4-[(6-butyl-8-quinolinyl)oxy]-1-piperidinyl}butyl)ethanesulfonamide and salts thereof, processes for its preparation, to compositions containing it and to its use in the treatment of various diseases, such as allergic rhinitis.

An efficient and convergent four-step synthetic route to the CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist AMD070 (1) has been developed which employs only a single chromatographic step in the entire sequence. Novel reductive amination methods have been developed for the coupling of 2 and 3 in which a dehydrative imine formation is followed by reduction with an attenuated borohydride reagent (zinc chloride and sodium borohydride). Selective extraction methods were employed to purify synthetic intermediates and remove reagents and impurities. A procedure has also been developed to isolate 1 in a pure crystalline form.

A compound represented by the formula (1): (wherein X represents sulfur or oxygen; R1 and R2 each represents a group represented by the formula -Y3-Z, etc.; Y3 represents a single bond or (un)substituted alkylene; Y1 and Y2 each represents (un)substituted alkylene; Z represents hydrogen, an (un)saturated monocyclic heterocyclic group, etc.; M represents carboxy, etc.; Q represents o-phenylene, etc.; and A represents an (un)saturated monocyclic hydrocarbon group, etc.), a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of either. They are compounds having chymase inhibitory activity and useful as a therapeutic agent for hypertension, cardiac failure, etc.

Methods to elevate progenitor and stem cell counts in animal subjects using compounds which bind to the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in combination with the CXCR2 chemokine GROβ, including its modified forms, are disclosed.

The cytotoxic indenoisoquinolines are a novel class of noncamptothecin topoisomerase I inhibitors having certain features that compare favorably with the camptothecins. A new strategy was adopted to attach aminoalkenyl substituents at C-11 of the indenoisoquinoline ring system, which, according to molecular modeling, would orient the side chains toward the DNA minor groove. All of the newly synthesized compounds were more cytotoxic than the parent indenoisoquinoline NSC 314622. Despite an imperfect correlation between cytotoxicities and topoisomerase I inhibition results, the hypothetical structural model of the cleavage complex presented here provides a conceptual framework to explain the structure-activity relationships.

The invention relates to heterocyclic compounds consisting of a core nitrogen atom surrounded by three pendant groups, wherein two of the three pendant groups are preferably benzimidazolyl methyl and tetrahydroquinolyl, and the third pendant group contains N and optionally contains additional rings. The compounds bind to chemokine receptors, including CXCR4 and CCR5, and demonstrate protective effects against infection of target cells by a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Self-complementary oligodeoxynucleotides containing 3,6-disubstituted phenanthrenes adopt highly stable, hairpin-like structures. The thermodynamic stability of the hairpin mimics depends on the overall length of the phenanthrene building block. Hairpin loops composed of a phenanthrene-3,6-dicarboxamide and ethylene linkers were found to be optimal. The hairpin mimics are more stable than the analogous hairpins containing either a dT4 or dA4 tetraloop. Model studies indicate that the thermodynamic stability of the hairpin mimics is primarily due to aromatic stacking of the phenanthrene-3,6-dicarboxamide onto the adjoining base pair of the DNA duplex.

Efficient assembly of substituted oxazolo-, oxazino-, and oxazepinoisoindolinones (5-7, 12-15 and 19) is described in three steps according to an acidic α-oxoamidoalkylation reaction from ready available phthalic anhydride by successive imidation, sodium borohydride reduction and intramolecular cationic cyclization involving N-acyliminium species. The relative stereochemistry accompanying these reactions was also discussed.

Thirty-six new amino acid and peptidyl diphenyl phosphonate esters were synthesized and evaluated to identify potent and selective inhibitors for four trypsin-like proteases: lymphocyte granzymes A and K, human mast cell tryptase, and pancreatic trypsin. Among five Cbz derivatives of Lys and Arg homologues, Z-(4-AmPhe)(P)(OPh)2 is the most potent inhibitor for granzyme A, and Z-Lys(P)(OPh)2 is the best inhibitor for granzyme K, mast tryptase, and trypsin. The amidino P1 residue D,L-(4-AmPhGly)(P)(OPh)2 was utilized in a series of compounds with several different N-protecting groups and systematic substitutions at P2 in Cbz-AA derivatives and at P3 in Cbz-AA-Ala derivatives. Generally, these phosphonates inhibit granzyme A and trypsin more potently than granzyme K and tryptase. The P2 Thr and Ala dipeptide phosphonates, Cbz-AA-(4-AmPhGly)(P)(OPh)2, are the most potent inhibitors for granzyme A, and Cbz-Thr-(4-AmPhGly)(P)(OPh)2 (k(obs)[I] = 2220 M-1 s- 1) was quite specific with much lower inhibition rates for granzyme K and trypsin (k(obs)[I] = 3 and 97 M-1 s-1, respectively) and no inhibition with tryptase. The most effective inhibitor of granzyme A was Ph-SO2-Gly- Pro-(4-AmPhGly)(P)(OPh)2 with a second-order rate constant of 3650 M-1 s- 1. The most potent inhibitor for granzyme K was 3,3-diphenylpropanoyl-Pro- (4-AmPhGly)(P)(OPh)2 with a k(obs)/[I] = 1830 M-1 s-1; all other phosphonates inhibited granzyme K weakly (k(obs)/[I] -1 s-1). Human mast cell tryptase was inhibited slowly by these phosphonates with Cbz- Lys(P)(OPh)2 as the best inhibitor (k(obs)/[I] = 89 M-1 s-1). The overall results suggest that scaffolds of Phe-Thr-(4-AmPhe) and Phe-Pro-Lys will be useful to create selective phosphonate inhibitors for granzymes A and K, respectively, and that P4 substituents offer opportunities to further enhance selectivity and reactivity.

1-Methoxycarbonyl-2-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-benzyloxyphenyl)-piperidin-3 one 1 and rac-5R, 8aS-5-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-t-butyldimethylsiloxyphenyl)-oxazolo[3,4:1,6]-p iperidin-3,6-dione 2 were synthesized via an intramolecular adaptation of the biochemically well-characterized Amadori reaction.

A 3-step synthesis to the title compounds has been developed which provides them differentially protected at nitrogen. These could then be selectively deprotected using hydrazine hydrate or hydrogenolysis over Pd/C.

It is well known that both histamine and dimaprit show moderate histamine H2-receptor agonistic activities on the guinea pig right atrium. Quantum chemical calculations on these two compounds showed similarities in electron distributions and molecular electrostatic potentials (MEP's), which could be extended to rigid analogues [2-amino-5-(2-aminoethyl)thiazoles] of the latter structure. On the base of these results a series of substituted 4- and 5-(2- aminoethyl)thiazoles was synthesized applying small alkyl substitution variations as reported for histamine. 2-Amino-5-(2-aminoethyl)-4- methylthiazole (Amthamine) proved to be the most potent full histamine H2- receptor agonist on the guinea pig right atrium, being with a pD2 value of 6.21 slightly more potent than histamine. This compound shows no affinity for H1-receptors and is a full but weak agonist on the histamine H3-receptor with a pD2 value of 4.70, thus showing a marked specificity for histamine H2-receptors. In the 5-(2-aminoethyl)thiazole series the presence of a 2- amino substituent proved to be not essential for stimulation of the histamine H2-receptor, leading to the important conclusion that in contrast to histamine, for this series, acceptance of a proton by the thiazole nucleus of the agonist from the active site of the receptor is sufficient for the stimulation of the histamine H2-receptor.

Synthesis of phosphonopeptides 1 and their inhibitory activity of thrombin are described.