- Dual Photoredox/Cobaloxime Catalysis for Cross-Dehydrogenative α-Heteroarylation of Amines
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We report a dual-catalytic platform for the cross-dehydrogenative-coupling between (benzo-)thiazoles and amines which combines low loadings of an iridium photoredox catalyst and a cobaloxime catalyst under blue light irradiation. This transformation occurs without stoichiometric oxidants, giving products in moderate to excellent yields. DFT calculations support the key role of Co(II) for rearomatization of the radical-addition intermediate to generate the product.
- Bergamaschi, Enrico,Weike, Christopher,Mayerhofer, Victor J.,Funes-Ardoiz, Ignacio,Teskey, Christopher J.
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supporting information
p. 5378 - 5382
(2021/07/26)
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- Structure-based lead optimization to improve antiviral potency and ADMET properties of phenyl-1H-pyrrole-carboxamide entry inhibitors targeted to HIV-1 gp120
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We are continuing our concerted effort to optimize our first lead entry antagonist, NBD-11021, which targets the Phe43 cavity of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120, to improve antiviral potency and ADMET properties. In this report, we present a structure-based approach that helped us to generate working hypotheses to modify further a recently reported advanced lead entry antagonist, NBD-14107, which showed significant improvement in antiviral potency when tested in a single-cycle assay against a large panel of Env-pseudotyped viruses. We report here the synthesis of twenty-nine new compounds and evaluation of their antiviral activity in a single-cycle and multi-cycle assay to derive a comprehensive structure-activity relationship (SAR). We have selected three inhibitors with the high selectivity index for testing against a large panel of 55 Env-pseudotyped viruses representing a diverse set of clinical isolates of different subtypes. The antiviral activity of one of these potent inhibitors, 55 (NBD-14189), against some clinical isolates was as low as 63 nM. We determined the sensitivity of CD4-binding site mutated-pseudoviruses to these inhibitors to confirm that they target HIV-1 gp120. Furthermore, we assessed their ADMET properties and compared them to the clinical candidate attachment inhibitor, BMS-626529. The ADMET data indicate that some of these new inhibitors have comparable ADMET properties to BMS-626529 and can be optimized further to potential clinical candidates.
- Curreli, Francesca,Belov, Dmitry S.,Kwon, Young Do,Ramesh, Ranjith,Furimsky, Anna M.,O'Loughlin, Kathleen,Byrge, Patricia C.,Iyer, Lalitha V.,Mirsalis, Jon C.,Kurkin, Alexander V.,Altieri, Andrea,Debnath, Asim K.
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p. 367 - 391
(2018/06/04)
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- A 4 - (1 - hydroxy -1 - methyl ethyl) -2 - propyl - 1H - imidazole -5 - carboxylic acid ethyl ester preparation method
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The invention relates to a preparation method of 4-(1-hydroxy-1-methyl ethyl)-2-propyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid ethyl ester and belongs to the technical field of medicament synthesis. In order to solve the problems of long reaction route, heavy pollution and low yield in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of 4-(1-hydroxy-1-methyl ethyl)-2-propyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid ethyl ester. The method comprises the following steps: in the presence of organic alkali, enabling a raw material alpha-chlorinated oxaloacetic acid diethyl ester to react with butanimidamide or acidic salt of butanimidamide to obtain an intermediate compound, then enabling the intermediate compound to perform Grignard reaction with CH3MgX to obtain 4-(1-hydroxy-1-methyl ethyl)-2-propyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, wherein X in CH3MgX is halogen. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of short reaction route, less pollution, mild reaction condition and high yield.
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Paragraph 0043; 0044; 0045
(2017/08/25)
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- Synthesis of diethyl 5-Ethyl-2,3-Pyridinedicarboxylate
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Diethyl 5-ethyl-2,3-pyridinedicarboxylate was synthesized using ammonium acetate as the nitrogen source. The optimum process conditions were obtained by exploring the reaction mechanism and researching the effects of reactant ratio, reaction temperature and solvent amount on the yield from all sides. Diethyl 5-ethyl-2,3-pyridinedicarboxylate yield was 98 % analysis by HPLC and the overall yield 96.8 % calculated by 2-chloro-3-oxo-succinic acid diethyl ester. The optimum process has the advantages of available initial material, simple waste-water treatment and environmental friendliness which are more applicable for industrial production.
- Cheng, Chunsheng,Ma, Xiaohua,Wei, Zhenyun
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p. 918 - 920
(2014/06/09)
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- Improved synthesis of thienothiazole and its utility in developing polymers for photovoltaics
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In response to the structural and electronic limitations of the popular benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-thieno[3,4-b]thiophene (PBnDT-TT) polymer series, this study explores the design and synthesis of a thienothiazole (TTz) moiety. The synthesis of TTz was streamlined down to four high-yielding steps, resulting in the new polymer PBnDT-TTz for organic solar cells. By incorporating TTz, a nitrogen is directly introduced into the polymer backbone which tunes the HOMO level and eliminates the reliance on external substituents. Compared to its TT analogue, PBnDT-TTz exhibits the same HOMO level of -5.06 eV and the same Voc of 0.69 eV, yet a higher power conversion efficiency of 2.5%. These promising results demonstrate the benefits of backbone modification and the great potential of TTz in the design of new polymers for organic photovoltaics.
- Uy, Rycel,Yang, Liqiang,Zhou, Huaxing,Price, Samuel C.,You, Wei
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scheme or table
p. 9146 - 9154
(2012/06/16)
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- Simple method for the preparation of dialkyl (2,3-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-YL) -phosphonates
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A simple synthesis of dialkyl (2,3-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-phosphonates from thiazolium salts and trialkyl phosphites is described. The series of dialkyl (2,3-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-phosphonates with various substituents in positions 3, 4, and 5 of the thiazole ring were prepared. However, only phosphonates with an aryl on the nitrogen atom were stable enough for chromatographic purification, although all the new phosphonates are very sensitive to oxidation. We made efforts to apply dialkyl (2,3-dihydro-1,3- thiazol-2-yl)-phosphonates in a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction, but the generated antiaromatic anion of phosphonate decomposed quickly, even at -70°C. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
- Janikowska, Karolina,Makowiec, Slawomir
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experimental part
p. 12 - 20
(2011/03/20)
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- Process for preparing pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid compounds
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A process for preparing pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid compounds of the following formula, which comprises preparing α-halo-oxalacetic acid diesters by reacting oxalacetic acid diester alkali metallic salts with an acid and a halogenating agent or by reacting oxalic acid diesters with halo-acetic acid esters, and then reacting the obtained α-halo-oxalacetic acid diesters with 2-propenal compounds and ammonia. STR1 wherein R1 and R2 are, identical or different, a lower alkyl group, and R3 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group. The pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid componds obtained by the process of the ivention are useful as an intermediate for manufacturing agricultural chemicals and pharmaceuticals.
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