Heparin (CAS NO.9005-49-6) is discovered in 1916 predates the establishment of the Food and Drug Administration of the United States, although it did not enter clinical trials until 1935.It was originally isolated from canine liver cells, hence its name. Heparin's discovery can be attributed to the research activities of two men, Jay McLean and William Henry Howell.

1. Introduction of Heparin
Heparin is one kind of wihte or alomost white powder. The IUPAC name of Heparin is (4S,6R)-6-[(2R,4R)-4,6-Dihydroxy-5-(sulfonatoamino)-2-(sulfonatooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-5-sulfonatooxyoxane-2-carboxylate. The Classification Code of this chemical is Anticoagulants ; Cardiovascular Agents ; Drug / Therapeutic Agent ; Fibrin Modulating Agents ; Fibrinolytic agents ; Hematologic Agents ; Human Data ; Mutation data ; Natural Product ; Reproductive Effect. Heparin can soluble in water.

2. Properties of Heparin
Physical properties about Heparin are:
(1)XLogP3-AA: -10.8; (2)H-Bond Donor: 15; (3)H-Bond Acceptor: 38; (4)Rotatable Bond Count: 21; (5)Tautomer Count: 2; (6)Exact Mass: 1134.006995; (7)MonoIsotopic Mass: 1134.006995; (8)Topological Polar Surface Area: 652; (9)Heavy Atom Count: 70; (10)Formal Charge: 0; (11)Complexity: 2410; (12)Isotope Atom Count: 0; (13)Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0; (14)Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 20; (15)Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0; (16)Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0; (17)Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1; (18)Index of Refraction: 1.711; (19)Molar Refractivity: 190.48 cm³; (20)Molar Volume: 486.7 cm³; (21)Surface Tension: 148.8 dyne/cm; (22)Density: 2.13 g/cm³.

3. Structure Descriptors of Heparin
(1)InChI: InChI=1S/C26H42N2O37S5/c1-4(30)27-7-9(31)13(6(56-23(7)39)3-55-67(43,44)45)58-26-19(65-70(52,53)54)12(34)16(20(62-26)22(37)38)60-24-8(28-66(40,41)42)15(63-68(46,47)48)14(5(2-29)57-24)59-25-18(64-69(49,50)51)11(33)10(32)17(61-25)21(35)36/h5-20,23-26,28-29,31-34,39H,2-3H2,1H3,(H,27,30)(H,35,36)(H,37,38)(H,40,41,42)(H,43,44,45)(H,46,47,48)(H,
49,50,51)(H,52,53,54)
(2)InChIKey: HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
(3)Canonical SMILES : CC(=O)NC1C(C(C(OC1O)COS(=O)(=O)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)C(=O)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)C(=O)O)O)O)OS(=O)(=O)O)OS(=O)(=O)O)NS(=O)(=O)O)O)OS(=O)(=O)O)O

4. Toxicity of Heparin

Organism	Test Type	Route	Reported Dose (Normalized Dose)	Effect	Source
man	TDLo	intravenous	3536units/kg/ (3536units/kg)		Southern Medical Journal. Vol. 80, Pg. 1450, 1987.
man	TDLo	subcutaneous	1857units/kg/ (1857units/kg)		Southern Medical Journal. Vol. 80, Pg. 1450, 1987.
man	TDLo	subcutaneous	1857units/kg/ (1857units/kg)	CARDIAC: OTHER CHANGES	Southern Medical Journal. Vol. 80, Pg. 1450, 1987.
mouse	LD50	intraperitoneal	1900mg/kg (1900mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) BEHAVIORAL: ALTERED SLEEP TIME (INCLUDING CHANGE IN RIGHTING REFLEX)	Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. Vol. 60, Pg. 507, 1964.
mouse	LD50	intravenous	500mg/kg (500mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)	Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 36, Pg. 1366, 1986.
mouse	LD50	subcutaneous	500mg/kg (500mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS	Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 36, Pg. 1366, 1986.
rat	LD50	oral	1950mg/kg (1950mg/kg)		German Offenlegungsschrift Patent Document. Vol. #2636091,
rat	LDLo	intraperitoneal	420mg/kg (420mg/kg)		Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 1, Pg. 156, 1959.
women	TDLo	subcutaneous	30uL/kg/5D-I (.03mL/kg)	SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): "DERMATITIS, OTHER: AFTER SYSTEMIC EXPOSURE"	British Journal of Haematology. Vol. 82, Pg. 620, 1992.
women	TDLo	subcutaneous	48mg/kg/20D-I (48mg/kg)	SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): "DERMATITIS, OTHER: AFTER SYSTEMIC EXPOSURE" BLOOD: HEMORRHAGE	Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine. Vol. 28, Pg. 59, 1998.
women	TDLo	subcutaneous	1000units/kg/ (1000units/kg)		Southern Medical Journal. Vol. 80, Pg. 1450, 1987.

5. Safety information of Heparin
S24/25: Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
WGK Germany: 2
RTECS: MI0850000
F: 3-10
Moderately toxic by ingestion, intraperitoneal, and intravenous routes. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NO_x.

6. Uses of Heparin
Heparin (CAS NO.9005-49-6) may sometimes be used to treat sports injuries. Heparin, also known as unfractionated heparin, a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan, is widely used as an injectable anticoagulant, and has the highest negative charge density of any known biological molecule. It can also be used to form an inner anticoagulant surface on various experimental and medical devices such as test tubes and renal dialysis machines.