31837-62-4Relevant articles and documents
Syntheses of protoporphyrin-IX derivatives bearing extended propionate side-chains
Holmes, Robert T.,Lu, Jianming,Mwakwari, Celinah,Smith, Kevin M.
scheme or table, p. 5 - 16 (2010/08/22)
In order to investigate the relationship between depth within membranes of singlet oxygen generation and effectiveness of photodynamic therapy of tumors, analogs of protoporphyrin-IX 1 bearing five 4 and seven 5 carbon atoms (in place of the 3-carbon atom
Pyrrole Chemistry. An Improved Synthesis of Ethyl Pyrrole-2-carboxylate Esters from Diethyl Aminomalonate
Paine, John B.,Dolphin, David
, p. 5598 - 5604 (2007/10/02)
Ethyl pyrrole-2-carboxylates, versatile precursors for the total synthesis of both synthetic model and naturally occurring tetrapyrroles and porphyrins, can be prepared in greatly improved yields by the addition of 1,3-diketones and preformed diethyl aminomalonate to boiling glacial acetic acid.The method is suitable for both small- and large-scale synthesis and has proved far more reliable than the original in situ dissolving zinc reduction of diethyl oximinomalonate discovered by Kleinspehn.Yields range from 60-70percent for the dominant product isomer from unsymmetrical diketones to 75-90percent for the single product derived from symmetrical diketones.Seventeen examples of alkyl-substituted ethyl pyrrole-2-carboxylates are provided.Improved procedures are given for the preparation of the required precursors.