98-98-6Relevant articles and documents
Base-Catalyzed Autoxidation of Weak Carbon Acids Using Poly(ethylene glycols) as Phase-Transfer Catalysts
Neumann, Ronny,Sasson, Yoel
, p. 1282 - 1284 (1984)
-
The biosynthesis of caerulomycins in Streptomyces caeruleus. Isolation of a new caerulomycin and incorporation of picolinic acid and glycerol into caerulomycin A
Vining,McInnes,McCulloch,Smith,Walter
, p. 191 - 194 (1988)
-
Copper(II)-Catalyzed Selective Para Amination of Arylamine with Pyrazole by C?H Functionalization
Xu, Jun,Du, Kui,Shen, Jiabin,Shen, Chao,Chai, Kejie,Zhang, Pengfei
, p. 3675 - 3679 (2018)
A coordinating activation strategy for selective para amination of arylamine with pyrazole is developed. Various substrates are compatible, giving the corresponding products in moderate to good yields. This strategy provides a practical solution for the efficient synthesis of arylamine-containing pharmacophores from simple starting materials. A single electron transfer mechanism is suggested for this reaction.
ANODIC OXIDATION OF 2-PICOLINE
Toomey, Joseph E.,Chaney, Gregory A.
, p. 697 - 704 (1991)
Concentrations, temperature, and current density for anodic oxidation of 2-picoline were optimized by using three statistically designed experiments.Criteria for optimization were chemical yield, current efficiency, space-time yield and rate of anode corrosion.
-
Helbing,Viscontini
, p. 2284,2288 (1976)
-
Use of bacteria for rapid, pH-neutral, hydrolysis of the model hydrophobic carboxylic acid ester p-nitrophenyl picolinate
Forest, Alexandra E.,Goldstine, Gordon G.,Murray, Sean R.,Schrodi, Yann
, p. 435 - 439,5 (2012)
Caulobacter crescentus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis cultures promote the hydrolysis of the model ester p-nitrophenyl picolinate (PNPP) at neutral pH with high efficiency. Hydrolysis is related to cell concentration, while the interaction of PNPP with both bacterial cells and their extracellular molecules is required for a maximum rate of PNPP hydrolysis in C. crescentus cultures. Furthermore, C. crescentus cultures hydrolyse PNPP at concentrations useful in synthetic chemistry.
Reactivity of secondary N-alkyl acrylamides in Morita–Baylis–Hillman reactions
Ahmar, Mohammed,Queneau, Yves,Verrier, Charlie,Yue, Xiaoyang
, p. 319 - 330 (2021/10/29)
The Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) reaction of secondary N-alkyl acrylamides, discarded up to now from investigations of the scope of activated alkenes, was studied. Optimization of the reaction conditions revealed that a balance must be found between activation of the MBH coupling reaction and that of the undesired competitive aldehyde Cannizzaro reaction. Using 3-Hydroxyquinuclidine (3-HQD) in a 1:1 water-2-MeTHF mixture provides the appropriate conditions that were applicable to a wide range of diversely substituted secondary N-alkyl acrylamides and aromatic aldehydes, giving rise to novel amide-containing MBH adducts under mild and clean conditions.
Reaction Acceleration Promoted by Partial Solvation at the Gas/Solution Interface
Qiu, Lingqi,Wei, Zhenwei,Nie, Honggang,Cooks, R. Graham
, p. 1362 - 1365 (2021/09/14)
The kinetics of organic reactions of different types in microvolumes (droplets, thin films, and sealed tubes) show effects of gas/solution interfacial area, reaction molecularity and solvent polarity. Partial solvation at the gas/solution interface is a major contributor to the 104-fold reaction acceleration seen in bimolecular but not unimolecular reactions in microdroplets. Reaction acceleration can be used to manipulate selectivity by solvent choice.
Expanding the repertoire of nitrilases with broad substrate specificity and high substrate tolerance for biocatalytic applications
Rayavarapu, Pratima,Shah, Shikha,Sunder, Avinash Vellore,Wangikar, Pramod P.
, p. 289 - 296 (2020/05/18)
Enzymatic conversion of nitriles to carboxylic acids by nitrilases has gained significance in the green synthesis of several pharmaceutical precursors and fine chemicals. Although nitrilases from several sources have been characterized, there exists a scope for identifying broad spectrum nitrilases exhibiting higher substrate tolerance and better thermostability to develop industrially relevant biocatalytic processes. Through genome mining, we have identified nine novel nitrilase sequences from bacteria and evaluated their activity on a broad spectrum of 23 industrially relevant nitrile substrates. Nitrilases from Zobellia galactanivorans, Achromobacter insolitus and Cupriavidus necator were highly active on varying classes of nitriles and applied as whole cell biocatalysts in lab scale processes. Z. galactanivorans nitrilase could convert 4-cyanopyridine to achieve yields of 1.79 M isonicotinic acid within 3 h via fed-batch substrate addition. The nitrilase from A. insolitus could hydrolyze 630 mM iminodiacetonitrile at a fast rate, effecting 86 % conversion to iminodiacetic acid within 1 h. The arylaliphatic nitrilase from C. necator catalysed enantioselective hydrolysis of 740 mM mandelonitrile to (R)-mandelic acid in 4 h. Significantly high product yields suggest that these enzymes would be promising additions to the suite of nitrilases for upscale biocatalytic application.