1951-26-4Relevant articles and documents
Comparative analysis of in vivo and in silico toxicity evaluation of the organoiodine compounds towards D. magna using multivariate chemometric approach: A study on the example of amiodarone phototransformation products
Skibiński, Robert,Trawiński, Jakub
, (2022/01/06)
In the present study the photochemical fate of organoiodine compound – amiodarone was performed. The drug turned out to be highly susceptible to UV–Vis irradiation, especially in the presence of humic substances and organic matrix. Qualitative LC-MS analysis revealed formation of twelve – mainly previously unreported – transformation products (TPs). Four major TPs were submitted to the toxicity analysis with the use of D. magna. All of the tested TPs presented higher toxic potential than the parent compound. The phenolic TPs were approximately 100 times more toxic than amiodarone. Toxic properties of the major TPs resulted in steadily increasing toxic potential of the photo-generated mixture over the time of irradiation. Moreover, the experimental toxicity data, concerning the TPs, were compared with results estimated by 6 in silico models with the use of a multivariate chemometric analysis. The results showed that the applied computational methods were able neither to correctly predict toxic properties of the studied compounds, nor the trends in change of their toxic parameters. Additional validation of in silico models ability to predict toxicity of iodinated organic compounds showed that the studied computational methods do not present sufficient prediction ability. Therefore their estimations concerning organoiodines should be verified using experimental tests.
Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Synthesis of Benzofurans and 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydrobenzofurans from Acrolein Dimer and 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds
Huang, Wenbo,Xu, Jing,Liu, Changhui,Chen, Zhiyan,Gu, Yanlong
, p. 2941 - 2950 (2019/02/26)
2,3-Disubstituted benzofurans were synthesized from acrolein dimer and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds by using N-bromosuccinimide as an oxidizing agent. The method was used to synthesize two commercial drug molecules, benzbromarone and amiodarone. The proposed mechanism of the reaction involves a N-bromosuccinimide (NBS)-assisted autotandem catalysis with Lewis acid catalyst. To proof the proposed mechanism, an intermediate was isolated successfully, which can be converted to 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzofurans.
Amiodarone hydrochloride preparation method
-
Paragraph 0065-0067; 0095-0097; 0125-0127, (2018/03/13)
The invention belongs to the field of medicine, and especially relates to an amiodarone hydrochloride preparation method. The method takes 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2-alkyl halohexoic acid ester as the raw materials to prepare 2-butylbenzofuran, 2-butylbenzofuran is taken as the raw material, and is subjected to the steps of friedel-crafts acylation, demethylation, iodination, etherification and salt forming to obtain the amiodarone hydrochloride. By employing the method, the raw materials have the advantages of low cost and easy acquisition, the process is simple, and 2-butylbenzofuran and amiodarone hydrochloride with high purity and high yield can be obtained, the cost is low, the waste water is little, and the method is suitable for industrial production.